五肽胃泌素及其类似物对大鼠胃粘膜细胞DNA合成的作用

 利用细胞培养的方法,测定五肽胃泌素(Boc-β-Ala-Trp-Met-Asp-phe·NH_2)、葡萄糖-1-脱氧果糖四肽(GIe-1-Deoxyflu-Trp-Met-Asp-phe·NH_2)及Boc-三肽(Boc-Met-Asp-Phe·NH_2)等胃泌素类似物对~3H-胸腺嘧啶核苷(~3H-TdR)参入胃粘膜细胞DNA合成的影响。实验结果表明五肽胃泌素对胃粘膜细胞DNA合成有明显促进作用,而泌酸活性比五肽胃泌素还强的葡萄糖-1-脱氧果糖四肽却没有这种作用。进一步证明胃泌素的营养作用是独立于泌酸活性而存在的,二者有着不同的作用机理。     

应用生物工程技术制造天冬甜精

<正> 1966年英国帝国化学工业公司药物部Davey在进行胃泌素(Gastrin)C-末端四肽Try·Met·Asp·Phe的合成过程中,制备了中间产物Asp·PheOMe,偶然发现此化合物——即现在称之为天冬甜精(Asparatame,α—APM)的物质——具有甜味。以后,Davey转入美国Searle公     

胃泌素类似物的人工合成和泌酸活性研究

本文采用液相合成法合成了九种胃泌素类似物,并用大白鼠胃灌流技术测定其泌酸活性。若以五肽胃泌素(Boc-β-Ala-Trp-Met-Asp-phe-NH_2,Boc-五肽)的泌酸活性为100％,则胃泌其它类似物的活性分别为:Boc-四肽(Boc-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH_2)30.32％,Boc-三肽(Boc-Met-Asp-phe-NH_2)0.13％;Fmoc-五肽(Fmoc-β-Ala-Trp-Met-ASP-Phe-NH_2)171％,Fmoc-四肽(Fmco-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH_2)32.88％,Fmoc-三肽·(Fmoc-Met-Asp-Phe-NH_2)0.17％,五肽·TFA(β-Ala-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH_2·TFA)17.45％,四肽·TFA(Trp-Met-Asp-phe-NH_2·TFA)5.58％。 实验结果显示四肽胃泌素类似物的活性这比三肽的高,表明胃泌素C-端片段中色氨酸残基对泌酸活性十分重要。在胃泌素类似物的N-端导入保护基同样提高它们的生物学活性,而Fmoc-保护基的作用还强于Boc-保护性。推测其主要原因是在N-式加上一个疏水性强的基团后有利于形成一个与受体相结合的活性构象。     

茶刺蛾颗粒体病毒病毒粒子的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱研究

得到并分析了茶刺蛾颗粒体病毒(Darna trima Granulosis Virus缩写为DtGV)病毒粒子的SERS谱.DtGV病毒粒子通过COO(COOH)和NH_2(NH_3)基因被吸附到银溶胶表面上.Trp、Tyr和Phe残基侧链靠近银表面、以Trp残基侧链的振动增强效应最显著.上还增强特性与溶液的pH值密切相关.     

发现一种新的天然肽族

Deltorphin族肽类是由叶蛙属蛙皮提取物中分离出来的内源性线状七肽,它们对δ阿片结合位点具有比其它任何已知天然化合物更高的亲和性和选择性。最近,科学家们从双色叶蛙的皮肤提取物中分离出两种新肽,其序列为Tyr—Ala—Phe—Asp(或Glu)一Val—Val—Gly—NH_2,其中第二位的丙氨酸为D构型,分别命名为[D-Ala~2]deltorphin Ⅰ和Ⅱ。它们比不久前发现的第二位为D-蛋氨酸的deltorphin、合成肽DADLE,以及环状脑啡肽衍生物DPDPE对δ受体的亲和性和选择性均高出数倍。Deltorphin族肽与叶蛙皮肤中另一     

Ydj1p二聚体中β14~β15与domain-III分离的拉伸分子动力学模拟研究

分子伴侣Hsp40是一种以二聚体的形式调控非天然多肽折叠的热激蛋白。本文通过拉伸分子动力学研究了酵母Hsp40家族成员Ydj1p二聚体中β14-β15与domain-Ⅲ的分离过程,深入探讨了影响Ydj1p二聚体稳定性的重要残基和相互作用力。研究表明,残基Thr366、Asp368、Cys370、Leu372和Phe375在Ydj1P二聚体的形成过程中发挥着重要的作用。其中,β14-β15中的残基Thr366和Asp368分别通过与domain-Ⅲ内的残基Asp291、Trp292和Trp292、Lys294之间形成的氢键,Asp368通过与domain-Ⅲ内的残基Lys314形成盐桥,Cys370、Leu372和Phe375则是通过与domain-Ⅲ形成疏水作用力来稳定Ydj1p二聚体结构。     

大鼠胃泌酸腺细胞膜和肝匀浆对五肽胃泌素及其类似物的降解

 本文用HPLC分离五肽胃泌素(Pentagastrin,Boc-β-Ala-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe·NH_2,PG_(1-5))及其N-端无保护基的TFA·五肽(β-Ala-Trp-Met-Asp-Pne·NH_2·TFA,TFA·PA_(1-5))被胃泌酸细胞膜和肝匀浆降解之产物,并对它们的氨基酸组成作了分析,又用薄层层析作了进一步验证,从而提出了酶促降解时可能的酶切位点。实验结果表明,N-端的Boc-基团能大幅度增加对酶降解的抵抗力,这从一个方面解释了为什么商品五肽胃泌素的泌酸活性大于其它胃泌素类似物的原因。     

重组水蛭素相关肽Hi-lys的表达与纯化(英文)

为开发一种新的有临床应用价值的抗血栓药物,根据水蛭素保持抗凝活性的2 0肽片段,设计并构建了水蛭素相关肽(Hi lys)与天冬酰胺酶C端的融合表达系统.为方便目的肽与融合伙伴的分离,增加了富含带电序列的8肽(KRKRKKSR)及酸敏感的天冬氨酰 脯氨酸(Asp Pro)位点,获得了表达质粒pED P8 Hi lys.将其转化E .coliBL 2 1,玉米浆培养基(kanr)培养,乳糖诱导获得融合蛋白(AnsB C P8 Hi lys)的高效表达.通过细菌裂解、包涵体洗涤、尿素溶解、乙醇沉淀、酸水解和DEAE 纤维素5 2柱层析纯化获得目的肽Hi lys ,用凝血酶测定法测得其抗凝活性为5 0ATU mg .     

低毒且高效杀伤人肿瘤细胞的新型人肿瘤坏死因子突变体的构建

采用定点突变的方法构建了两株新型人肿瘤坏死因子突变体MT1 (32Trp157Phe)和MT2(2Lys30Ser32Trp157Phe), 并在大肠杆菌中得以高效表达, 表达量占菌体总蛋白的50%且为可溶性蛋白. 表达产物经蛋白印渍法检测, 均能与抗野生型hTNF-a单抗结合且经分离纯化后样品的纯度在95%以上. 各突变体虽然对鼠成纤维瘤细胞L929的生物学活性比野生型下降了4～5个数量级, 但却能高效杀伤人肿瘤细胞, 杀伤程度与野生型相差不明显. 测定突变体MT1的LD50值降至野生型的0.34%, 而MT2对小鼠30%致死剂量则低于野生型LD50的1/700.     

低毒且高效杀伤人肿瘤细胞的新型人肿瘤

采用定点突变的方法构建了两株新型人肿瘤坏死因子突变体MT1 (32Trp157Phe)和MT2(2Lys30Ser32Trp157Phe), 并在大肠杆菌中得以高效表达, 表达量占菌体总蛋白的50%且为可溶性蛋白. 表达产物经蛋白印渍法检测, 均能与抗野生型hTNF-a单抗结合且经分离纯化后样品的纯度在95%以上. 各突变体虽然对鼠成纤维瘤细胞L929的生物学活性比野生型下降了4~5个数量级, 但却能高效杀伤人肿瘤细胞, 杀伤程度与野生型相差不明显. 测定突变体MT1的LD50值降至野生型的0.34%, 而MT2对小鼠30%致死剂量则低于野生型LD50的1/700.     

Preparation and evaluation of glycosylated arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) derivatives for integrin targeting

Arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) derivatives were prepared by a combination of solid-phase and solution-phase synthesis for selective targeting of alpha vbeta 3 integrin expressed in tumors. In order to evaluate the value of a triazole moiety as a proposed amide isostere, the side chain glycosylated cyclic RGD ( cRGD) peptides were synthesized with either a natural amide linkage or a triazole. Affinity of the cRGD constructs for the alpha vbeta 3 integrin was determined in a solid-phase competitive binding assay, showing strong similarity in binding affinity for each of the compounds under evaluation. Furthermore, the in vivo tumor targeting potential of glycosylated cRGD peptides, linked via amide or triazole, was investigated by determining the biodistribution of (125)I-labeled derivatives in mice with tumors expressing alpha vbeta 3. All of the cyclic RGD derivatives showed preferential uptake in the subcutaneous tumors, with the highest tumor-to-blood ratio measured for the triazole-linked glycosylated derivative. The results of the present study are a clear indication of the value of the triazole moiety as a suitable amide isostere in the development of glycosylated peptides as pharmaceuticals.     

Studies toward the site specific incorporation of sugars into proteins: synthesis of glycosylated aminoacyl-tRNAs

A series of glycosylated serine derivatives was synthesized from peracetylated sugars and Fmoc-protected serine; these were chemically esterified with the tris-(tetrabutylammonium) salt of pdCpA. The fully protected and deprotected glycosylated aminoacyl pdCpAs were ligated enzymatically to an abbreviated tRNA (tRNA-C(OH)) to provide the title compounds that are key intermediates in the elaboration of glycoproteins using readthrough of a nonsense codon.     

Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of eel calcitonin glycosylated at two sites with the same and different carbohydrate structures

Naturally occurring glycopeptides and glycoproteins usually contain more than one glycosylation site, and the structure of the carbohydrate attached is often different from site to site. Therefore, synthetic methods for preparing peptides and proteins that are glycosylated at multiple sites, possibly with different carbohydrate structures, are needed. Here, we report a chemo-enzymatic approach for accomplishing this. Complex-type oligosaccharides were introduced to the calcitonin derivatives that contained two N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residues at different sites by treatment with Mucor hiemalis endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Using this enzymatic transglycosylation reaction, three glycopeptides were produced, a calcitonin derivative with the same complex-type carbohydrate at two sites, and two calcitonin derivatives each with one complex-type carbohydrate and one GlcNAc. Starting from the derivatives with one complex-type carbohydrate and one GlcNAc, a high-mannose-type oligosaccharide was successfully transferred to the remaining GlcNAc using another endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Arthrobacter protophormiae. Thus, we were able to obtain glycopeptides containing not only two complex-type carbohydrates, but also both complex and high-mannose-type oligosaccharides in a single molecule. Using the resultant glycosylated calcitonin derivatives, the effects of di-N-glycosylation on the structure and the activity of calcitonin were studied. The effect appeared to be predictable from the results of mono-N-glycosylated calcitonin derivatives.     

The metabolism of [3-H]oleanolic acid and its monoglycosides in cytoplasm and vacuole of protoplasts isolated from Calendula officinalis leaves

Isolated protoplasts from C. officinalis leaves were supplied with [3-³H]oleanolic acid, its 3-O-monoglucoside and 3-O-monoglucuronide. Transformations of these compounds into two series of oleanolic acid glycosides, i.e. glucosides (derivatives of 3-O-monoglucoside) and glucuronides (derivatives of 3-O-monoglucuronide) in the extravacuolar space and the vacuole were investigated. In the cytoplasm free oleanolic acid is glycosylated to both monoglycosides and to higher glycosides. Monoglycosides are partly hydrolysed to free oleanolic acid and partly glycosylated to higher derivatives. The vacuole contains the same radioactive compounds as the extravacuolar space. However, it seems most likely that these compounds are transported there from the sites of their synthesis in the cytoplasm.     

Genistein derivatives decrease liposome membrane integrity--calcein release and molecular modeling study

The ability of newly synthesized genistein benzyl and glycosylated derivatives to permeabilize the liposome membrane was studied by calcein-leakage method. All studied derivatives appeared to be more effective than their parent compound--genistein. Comparing the experimental results with theoretical calculations we found that in the case of benzyl derivatives the dipole moment of added benzene ring (with its substitutions) might be important for the strength of flavonoids-lipid interactions. This conclusion may have some implications for QSAR studies in which mostly the dipole moments of entire molecules are considered.     

Novel glycosylation sites localized in Campylobacter jejuni flagellin FlaA by liquid chromatography electron capture dissociation tandem mass spectrometry

Glycosylation of flagellin in Campylobacter jejuni is essential for motility and virulence. It is well-known that flagellin from C. jejuni 81-176 is glycosylated by pseudaminic acid and its acetamidino derivative, and that Campylobactor coli VC167 flagellin is glycosylated by legionaminic acid and its derivatives. Recently, it was shown, by use of a metabolomics approach, that C. jejuni 11168 is glycosylated by dimethyl glyceric acid derivatives of pseudaminic acid, but the sites of glycosylation were not confirmed. Here, we apply an online liquid chromatography electron capture dissociation (ECD) tandem mass spectrometry approach to localize sites of glycosylation in flagellin from C. jejuni 11168. Flagellin A is glycosylated by a dimethyl glyceric acid derivative of pseudaminic acid at Ser181, Ser207 and either Thr464 or Thr 465; and by a dimethyl glyceric acid derivative of acetamidino pseudaminic acid at Ser181 and Ser207. For comparison, on-line liquid chromatography collision-induced dissociation of the tryptic digests was performed, but it was not possible to assign sites of glycosylation by that method.     

Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the glycosylated alpha-mating factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and analysis of its biological activity

The effect of glycosylation on a bioactive peptide was studied using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor, which is composed of 13 amino acids. In this study, we prepared glycosylated alpha-mating factor by chemo-enzymatic synthesis. At first, N-acetylglucosaminyl alpha-mating factor (Trp-His-Trp-Leu-Gln(GlcNAc)-Leu-Lys-Pro-Gly-Gln-Pro-Met-Tyr) was chemically synthesized by the solid-phase method. Then, using the transglycosylation activity of Mucor hiemalis endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, we synthesized glycosylated alpha-mating factor with a glutamine-linked sialo complex type oligosaccharide. The biological activity of alpha-mating factor derivatives was examined by means of a growth arrest assay using secreted-protease-defective a cells of S. cerevisiae. The results showed that the bioactivity of glycosylated alpha-mating factor was lower than that of native alpha-mating factor. However, when sialic acid was removed from the complex type sugar chain of glycosylated alpha-mating factor, its bioactivity was recovered. Glycosylated alpha-mating factor exhibited higher resistance against proteolysis than native alpha-mating factor. It was found that the bioactivity of N-acetylglucosaminyl alpha-mating factor was higher than that of alpha-mating factor. Circular dichroism studies indicated that a slight change in the structure of alpha-mating factor may influence its activity.     

Synthesis and applications of oligonucleotide-carbohydrate conjugates

Nowadays, oligonucleotide-carbohydrate conjugates are used in antisense biotechnology and in the study of glycosylated DNA functioning in vitro. The application of mono- and disaccharide phosphoramidites, solid-phase supports with immobilized carbohydrates, glycosylated nucleoside phosphoramidites, and postsynthetic conjugation of reactive sugar derivatives with oligonucleotides for preparation of oligonucleotide-carbohydrate conjugates have been systematically studied. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are considered. Possible strategies for synthesis of glycoclusters with different topologies conjugated to DNA are discussed. Applications of oligonucleotide-carbohydrate conjugates are highlighted. Studies of interactions of glycosylated oligonucleotides with proteins and effective cell-specific delivery of oligonucleotide-carbohydrate conjugates are discussed.     

Enhanced efficacy of 7-hydroxy-3-methoxycadalene via glycosylation in in vivo xenograft study

7-Hydroxy-3-methoxycadalene, isolated from Zelkova serrata Makino, was confirmed as a biologically active natural compound. In this study, the efficacy of cadalene as an anticancer agent was tested. In order to address the poor physicochemical properties of cadalene, we designed and synthesized glycosylated cadalene derivatives for improved solubility and efficient drug delivery as a potential prodrug. In vitro cell viability assays confirmed that glycosylated cadalenes were less toxic and more soluble than cadalene. In an in vivo xenograft study in mice, the oral administration of glycosylated cadalenes caused a significant reduction in tumor size.     

Biosynthesis of glycoconjugates in mitochondrial outer membranes

The results reported in this paper show two distinct ways for the incorporation ofN-acetylglucosamine into mitochondrial outer membranes. The first one is the glycosylation of dolichol acceptors, which is indicated by the inhibition of the synthesis of these products by the inhibitors of the dolichol intermediates (tunicamycin and GDP). The second one is the incorporation ofN-acetylglucosamine into protein acceptors directly from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. This second way of glycosylation is only localized in mitochondria outer membranes.The existence of a direct route forN-glycoprotein biosynthesis has been based on the following evidence. First, the synthesis of theN-acetylglucosaminylated protein acceptors was not inhibited by tunicamycin or GDP. Second, the addition of exogenous dolichol-phosphate did not change the rate of biosynthesis of glycosylated protein material. Third, the sequential incorporation ofN-acetylglucosamine and mannose from their nucleotide derivatives in the presence of GDP and tunicamycin led to the synthesis of glycosylated protein material which entirely bound to Concanavalin A-Sepharose. The oligosaccharide moiety of the glycosylated protein material resulting from the direct transfer of sugars from their nucleotide derivatives to the protein acceptor is of theN-glycan type. On sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, this glycosylated material migrated as a marker protein with a molecular weight between 45 000 and 63 000. HPLC chromatofocusing analysis revealed that the fraction studied was anionic. The oligosaccharide moiety of the glycoprotein material can only be elongated by the incorporation ofN-acetylglucosamine and galactose from their nucleotide derivatives.