酸水解蚕蛹制备复合氨基酸的研究

采用硫酸水解法,以蚕蛹制取复合氨基酸产品,得到氨基酸态氮分别为９．０５％和１３．４５％的食用复合氨基粉和精制复合氨基酸粉。食用复合氨基酸粉含有１８种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸含量为３９．２％。食用复合氨基酸粉的制备方法经工厂小批量生产证实,其工艺简单易行,适合于中小企业采用,该产品的质量优良,生产成本低廉,具有市场竞争力。     

黄粉虫复合氨基酸的提取及氨基酸虫酒的制作

本研究在对黄粉虫幼虫所含的复合氨基酸3种提取方法及其所制成的氨基酸虫酒进行分析比较的基础上,得出最佳方案和数据：用酶解法处理虫浆可得到占干虫重31.5％酶解滤粉和31.06％复合氨基酸粉,是用水解法提取出复合氨基酸粉的2.1倍。在虫体原料重量相同的条件下,酶解滤粉酒中复合氨基酸浓度分别是水解滤粉酒和虫粉酒中复合氨基酸浓度的2.7和13倍。若制成氨基酸浓度为5mp／mL的虫酒,仅需幼虫21.5g,折合成用虫成本费0.5元左右。     

猪血粉制备复合氨基酸工艺研究

本文采用正交试验法优选硫酸水解猪血粉制备复合氨基酸的最佳条件,经中试及工业规模生产证明:复合氨基酸收率平均为53.3％,氨基酸含量为72.7％。     

蚕蛹复合氨基酸对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的抑制作用

本实验探讨蚕蛹复合氨基酸对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721的抑制作用.实验经MTT法检测药物对人正常肝脏细胞株QSG-7701的毒性后,计算药物安全浓度.将不同浓度的蚕蛹复合氨基酸与人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721共培养,采用MTT法测定OD值,评定蚕蛹蛋白复合氨基酸对肝癌细胞株的增殖抑制作用;经Hoechst33258染色和倒置显微镜进行形态学观察以检测细胞凋亡率;流式细胞法测定细胞周期和Annexin V/PI双染色法检测细胞凋亡.细胞毒性实验表明:蚕蛹蛋白复合氨基酸的最大无毒浓度为10 mg/mL.不同浓度的蚕蛹蛋白复合氨基酸对SMMC-7721细胞均有抑制作用,各组与对照组相比差异有显著性(P＜0.05),并呈剂量和时间依赖性.Hoechst33258染色和流式细胞术结果亦证实,蚕蛹复合氨基酸能显著促进SMMC-7721细胞的凋亡.     

复合氨基酸注射液中氨基酸对山梨醇测定的影响与解决方法

复合氨基酸注射液如１１Ｓ、１４Ｓ中的氨基酸可使山梨醇的测定结果偏高６％,解决方法是将注射液通过磺酸型阳离子交换树脂柱,氨基酸成分在柱上被交换,山梨醇用水洗脱后测定。本方法对制订复合氨基酸类注射液的质量标准与确保产品质量均具有实际应用价值。     

酶法水解鲜猪血制备氨基酸的研究

本文以鲜猪血为主要原料,酶法水解制备氨基酸。其复合氨基酸收得率为１３．０７％·Ｗ／Ｖ）,分析测定表明除色氨酸含量含微量外,八种必需氨基酸的含量占复合氨基酸总量的４６．５２％。     

二次中和法制取菜籽复合氨基酸新工艺研究

为得到高质量的菜籽复合氨基酸,以脱皮菜籽粕为原料,研究了硫酸水解制备复合氨基酸的新工艺一二次中和法,解决了氨基酸脱色和副产品植酸的利用问题。水解的最佳工艺参数是3mol·L-1的H2SO4水解18h;ca(OH)2作中和剂,第一次中和和脱色的最佳pH为2-4,第二次中和的最佳pH为6.5-7.0,中和后的溶液经减压浓缩,喷雾干燥,制得菜籽复合氨基酸。复合氨基酸得率≥40％,纯度≥40％;副产品植酸钙得率10％左右,纯度40％-50％。     

鸭毛梗制备复合氨基酸工艺条件的研究

采用正交试验方法 ,研究了鸭毛梗水解制备复合氨基酸的工艺条件 ,结果表明 :温度 /压力是影响氨基酸转化率最主要的因素。鸭毛梗水解制备的复合氨基酸转化率盐酸法最高 (82 .36 % ) ,氢氧化钠法最低 (5 8.4 6 % ) ,硫酸法与盐酸法接近(79.4 4 % )。硫酸法产率较高 ,操作方便 ,环境污染和设备腐蚀均小 ,适合大量生产 ,确定为水解制备复合氨基酸介质 ,其最佳工艺条件为 :水解时间 8.0h ,硫酸浓度 3.0mol·L-1,水解温度 12 5℃。氨基酸分析表明 ,水解液中均含有 18种以上氨基酸。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌3-2发酵羽毛产氨基酸

【目的】建立废弃羽毛液体发酵工艺,优化发酵条件,提高羽毛降解率及氨基酸产量,研发新型、高效复合氨基酸肥料。【方法】利用解淀粉芽孢杆菌3-2发酵羽毛,探究温度、发酵时间、羽毛含量、单一碳源、复合碳氮源、金属离子等对废弃羽毛降解效果以及发酵液中氨基酸种类和含量的影响。【结果】废弃羽毛降解率与氨基酸总产量呈负相关。随着发酵时间延长,羽毛降解率增加,当发酵温度为37°C、羽毛添加量为1%、以乳糖为外加碳源、添加Mg2+时,羽毛降解率最高,达到81.92%。随着羽毛添加量增加,氨基酸总含量也增加(在20%范围以内),当发酵温度为37°C、降解时间为108 h、羽毛添加量为10%、乳糖添加量为0.5%、不添加复合碳氮源、不添加金属离子时,氨基酸的种类最全(富含17种氨基酸),总含量最高,达到20.861 g/kg。【结论】利用解淀粉芽孢杆菌3-2发酵废弃羽毛生产氨基酸复合肥料是一种可靠、环保、经济的方法,获得的氨基酸肥料营养齐全。研究结果为新型复合氨基酸肥料的研发提供技术支撑。     

复合氨基酸输液的合理用药

介绍了复合氨基酸输液的合理用药,包括品种的选择,氨基酸利用率的提高,高氮代谢性酸中毒的防止和血栓性静脉炎的避免。     

冬虫夏草口服液游离氨基酸和微量元素的分析比较

目的：为了研究冬虫夏草口服液的有效成分和药用价值,测定冬虫夏草口服液中的游离氨基酸和微量元素的不同种类和含量。方法：采用安捷伦1200高效液相色谱仪,C18反相柱梯度分离,邻苯二甲醛一芴甲酯柱前自动衍生化,利用已知浓度氨基酸标准品进行外标法定量,根据已知浓度氨基酸标准品的峰面积与样品峰面积之比计算游离氨基酸的含量。结果：冬虫夏草口服液中含有23种游离氨基酸和18种微量元素,氨基酸总量在口服液中占0．892％,必需氨基酸在游离氨基酸总量中占53．1％;含量最高的游离氨基酸依次是赖氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸。结论：游离氨基酸是冬虫夏草口服液中重要的生物有效成分,为冬虫夏草口服液的药效提供了基础数据。     

Spontaneous degradation of hemoglobin and egg albumin

Hemolysates of red cells of the horse, after removal of stroma and prolonged dialysis, released free amino acids on standing. A similar release of amino acids was not found when a solution of purified hemoglobin A was allowed to age, but a small number of peptides were found. Crude and purified egg albumin, when allowed to stand in solution, released free amino acids in a manner similar to that of the hemolysate of red cells. Quantitative data on the release of free amino acids are reported in this communication. The variety and distribution of the amino acids make it unlikely that this hydrolytic process is solely the result of contamination by proteolytic enzymes. The proposal is made that this property results from an intrinsic enzyme-like activity associated with the sulfhydryl groups of these proteins.     

The mechanisms of amino acids synthesis by high temperature shock-waves.

The mechanisms of amino acids synthesis behind high temperature shock-waves were elucidated and distinction was made between the steps occurring in the gas phase and those occurring in solution. In the presence of water vapor, aldehydes and HCN are formed separately in regions of different temperatures along the reacting gas. The aldehydes and ammonia condense to aldimines which add HCN to form alpha-amino nitriles, all in the gas phase. The hydrolysis to amino acids takes place in solution. In the absence of water vapor, aldimines and HCN are formed in the gas phase but condense to alpha-amino nitriles only in solution. A fair amount of oxygen only lowers the production of amino acids, which consequently could be still produced in the presence of oxygen in the Earth's primitive atmoshere. The waterless mechanism can operate in the Jovian atmosphere and supply it with ample amounts of amino acids, especially aspartic.     

The mechanisms of amino acids synthesis by high temperature shock-waves

The mechanisms of amino acids syntheses behind high temperature shock-waves were elucidated and distinction was made between the steps occurring in the gas phase and those occurring in solution. In the presence of water vapor, aldehydes and NCN are formed separately in regions of different temperatures along the reacting gas. The aldehydes and ammonia condense to aldimines which add HCN to form α-amino nitriles, all in the gas phase. The hydrolysis to amino acids takes place in solution. In the absence of water vapor, aldimines and NCN are formed in the gas phase but condense to α-amino nitriles only in solution. A fair amount of oxygen only lowers the production of amino acids, which consequently could still be produced in the presence of oxygen in the Earth's primitive atmosphere. The waterless mechanism can operate in the Jovian atmosphere and supply it with ample amounts of amino acids, especially aspartic.     

Making artificial honey using yeast cells from salivary glands of honey bees

The salivary glands of a honey bee, Apis cerana and the yeast cells isolated from these glands were studied for their effects on sucrose solution. This solution exhibited lowered pH and increased levels of fructose and total amino acids as the time of incubation proceeded. The solution thus made was similar to the natural honey.     

The capability of the algaeChlorella vulgaris andScenedesmus obliquus of utilizing amino acids as the sole nitrogen source

The capability of utilizing 20 amino acids and 2 amides as the sole nitrogen source for growth was studied in two green algae (Chlorophyceae). A comparison was made of the growth rate of algae in a mineral nutrient solution containing nitrate as the nitrogen source, with that in the same solution in which nitrogen in the form of nitrate was substituted by an equivalent nitrogen amount in the form of various amino acids. In addition to this, another series of experiments was carried out in whioh both culture media were supplied with glucose. The results show that both algae utilize a series of amino acids in dependence of their structure (mostly 3-carbon amino acids). The growth rate ofChlorella in the presence of these sources is the same as in nitrate, that ofScenedesmus even much higher. In the cultures containing glucose both algal species exhibit a higher growth rate in the media with the nitrate nitrogen source than in those with amino acids (with the exception of glycine inScenedesmus).     

反相高效液相色谱法测定烟叶中的游离氨基酸

用不同浓度的乙醇溶液提取烟样中的游离氨基酸 ,结果显示 ,存在最佳的乙醇溶液浓度 ,使烟样中被提取的游离氨基酸总量最大 ;对比了活性炭、乙醚、5 %磺基水杨酸、阳离子交换柱的纯化效果 ,发现阳离子交换柱的纯化效果较其它三种试剂要好。在提取和纯化之后 ,采用OPA、FMOC联合在线衍生反相高效液相色谱法测定了烟样中的游离氨基酸 ,该方法使烟样中的氨基酸和亚氨基酸能被同时测定 ,并且分析方法的重现性和回收率均令人满意。最后用该方法对云南B2 F98(上部、橘黄、二等烟叶 ,98年产 )烟叶中的游离氨基酸进行了测定 ,有 15种氨基酸被测出 ,其中Pro含量最高 ,约占总量的 2 5 % ,Thr含量最低 ,约占总量的 1%。     

A new approach for sample preparation of protein hydrolyzates for amino acid analysis

Sample preparations of protein hydrolyzates for amino acid analysis by ion-exchange chromatography has been accomplished without the removal of hydrochloric acid which was used for the hydrolysis. The technique involves partial neutralization of the available hydrochloric acid after hydrolysis with a solution which neutralizes and dilutes the sample hydrolyzate at the same time. The resulting sample solution which is employed for amino acid analysis produces an amino acid chromatogram having the same elution times and resolution as compared to a mixture of amino acids prepared in pH 2.2 sodium citrate buffer. Experimental data is also presented which shows that the amount of available hydrochloric acid in the final sample solution employed for amino acid analysis can affect both the resolution and elution time of many of the amino acids found in a protein hydrolyzate.     

Prostate cancer-specific hallmarks of amino acids metabolism: Towards a paradigm of precision medicine

So far multiple differences in prostate cancer-specific amino acids metabolism have been discovered. Moreover, attempts to utilize these alterations for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment have been made. The prostate cancer metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acids are particularly focused on anaplerosis more than on energy production. Other crucial requirements on amino acids pool come from the serine, one?carbon cycle, glycine synthesis pathway and folate metabolism forming major sources of interproducts for synthesis of nucleobases necessary for rapidly proliferating cells. Considering the lack of some amino acids biosynthetic pathways and/or their extraordinary importance for prostate cancer cells, there is a widespread potential for targeted therapeutic applications with no effect on non-malignant cells. This review summarizes the up-to-date knowledge of the importance of amino acids for prostate cancer pathogenesis with a special emphasis on potential applications of metabolic variabilities in the new oncologic paradigm of precision medicine.     

Effect of protein hydrolysis on the dialysability of amino acids and minerals in infant formulas

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the dialysed quantities of amino acids and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and zinc) in two types of infant formulas, one with a basis of native cow milk proteins and the other highly hydrolysed, to evaluate the possible application of Miller's in vitro method in amino acid and mineral availability studies. The percentage of dialysis differed between proteins. The hydrolysis treatment applied to the proteins significantly increased the dialysis percentage of almost all the amino acids. The dialysability of all the minerals was statistically greater in the formula made with a basis of hydrolysed proteins. Miller's method was seen to be of use for showing the effect which the hydrolysis treatment has on the availability of amino acids. Despite its limitations of having to be carried out in vitro, the study suggests that the nutritional value in relation with amino acids, minerals and trace elements differs between the both types of formulas.