犀金龟亚科昆虫（鞘翅目∶金龟科）的分类研究历史及中国研究进展

犀金龟亚科Dynastinae隶属于昆虫纲Insecta鞘翅目Coleoptera金龟总科Scarabaeoidea,金龟科Scarabaeidae,多为大型至特大型甲虫。该亚科昆虫世界广泛分布,目前全世界种类已发现8族225属1 860余种。犀金龟成虫为植食性,幼虫多腐食性,部分植食性,其幼虫主要危害植物的地下部分,有些种类是重要的农林业害虫。因此,开展犀金龟系统分类的相关研究对农林业生产具有重要意义。此外,犀金龟亚科昆虫大多外形奇特、极具有观赏性,深受爱好者的喜爱,对其生物学、分类学的研究热度持续升高,促使国际贸易盛行,但同时也存在生物多样性保护和外来入侵物种威胁生态系统平衡等问题。犀金龟亚科的分类学研究主要集中在成虫形态学方面,而该类群一些属的成虫鉴定特征与丽金龟亚科的极为相似,导致犀金龟亚科分类系统常存在争议,因此引入幼虫和蛹的形态特征及分子信息可为犀金龟亚科的分类系统提供新的证据。本文回顾了犀金龟亚科的研究历史以及其对经济的影响,给出了中国犀金龟亚科物种列表,但该亚科现阶段分类学仍以新种记述为主,研究方法较单一,因此分子生物学等技术的发展可为未来研究提供新思路。     

内唇在蜉金龟亚科中用于分属和分族的分类学价值

【目的】蜉金龟亚科（鞘翅目：金龟科）成虫外部形态高度趋同,种间相似性大,属族等高级阶元的鉴别特征混乱,因此构建新的形态指标系统极为重要。近年来内唇形态广泛应用于蜉金龟的分类学研究,并能有效区分部分种类,然而内唇在高级阶元的分类学价值和应用范围仍未可知。【方法】本文选取276属818种金龟为研究对象,其中包括蜉金龟亚科7族259属799种,以及外群样本17属19种（蜣螂亚科13属14种,沙金龟亚科4属5种）,利用几何形态学手段量化蜉金龟内唇的形态学信息,评估了属级和族级的区分度,并联合支序系统学方法,重建了蜉金龟祖先内唇形态。【结果】根据主成分分析显示,属级阶元的形态总方差为0.032 131 27,族级为0.032 914 63,内唇在属族间变异程度接近（两者相差约3%）,揭示了内唇形态在高级阶元间基本保持稳定,适合用于分类鉴定。为了进一步探索内唇在高级阶元的分类归属是否也接近,随之对样本进行判别函数分析。结果显示,仅基于内唇形态,98.49%的属可被正确鉴定,族级有98.41%的正确率,表明内唇在属级阶元间的判别归类略胜于族级阶元,内唇适合应用于高级阶元的判别归类。结合系统发育树,重建的内唇祖先形态显示其多变区域包括上内唇根基部、侧缘,内唇前区和内唇外缘等6个特征,不仅验证了前人对内唇的部分特征应用,也发现了新的形态指标。【结论】本研究利用定量形态学方法证实了内唇适用于蜉金龟高级阶元分类,同时为外部形态趋同类群提供了新的特征筛选与评估范式。     

西藏昆虫考察报告(鞘翅目,金龟子科,丽金龟亚科)

本篇是中国科学院西藏综合考察队于1960—1961年在西藏采得鞘翅目金龟子科丽金龟亚科标本的鉴定报告。这次采得标本共4属7种,其中新种3种。     

捕食性颏花金龟口器形态的适应进化及功能研究(鞘翅目:金龟科:花金龟亚科)

颏花金龟为捕食性,是花金龟亚科12族中食性最为特殊的类群,以其下唇的前颏极度扩大而得名。依据捕食对象及对应形态变异类型的不同,其可分为蚁食性和蚜食性两类。由于颏花金龟的食性异于其他种类花金龟的植食性,栖息环境也有极大的不同,故其口器适应进化出诸多形态类型。通过比较颏花金龟、花金龟亚科其他种类、其他植食性金龟(丽金龟和犀金龟两个亚科为代表)以及典型肉食性甲虫口器的形态,对颏花金龟口器特殊结构及功能进行了分析,并初步探索了取食机制及颏花金龟的生存策略。     

中国艳天牛属一新种：鞘翅目：天牛科：天牛亚科

中国艳天牛属一新种（鞘翅目：天牛科：天牛亚科）蒋书楠,陈力（西南农业大学植物保护系,四川省重庆市北碚６３０７１６）关键词天牛科,分类学,艳天牛属,新种天牛亚科艳天牛属ＡｃｒｏｃｙｒｔｉｄｕｓＪｏｒｄｏｎ的已知种类,可分为金色毛被种和银色毛被种两类。Ｊ...     

中生代Ceratocanthinae(Coleoptera:Hybosoridae)化石首次发现(英文)

记述内蒙古杨树湾子下白垩统义县组鞘翅目化石一新属新种Mesoceratocanthus tuberculifrons gen.etsp.nov.。该标本隶属于驼金龟科Ceratocanthinae亚科Ivieolini族。这是Ceratocanthinae亚科在中生代的首次发现。化石表明Ivieolini族曾经广布全球,尽管现在只局限于南美地区。     

2021年世界鞘翅目现生类群分类年鉴

本文整理并总结了世界鞘翅目2021年发表的新分类阶元、新组合、新异名、分类阶元升级和降级等情况, 并单独梳理了中国2021年鞘翅目新增分类群。通过在线数据库检索及相关同行补充, 最终共获得了相关文献1,114篇。2021年, 世界鞘翅目新分类阶元共计3,375个, 包括2个新亚科, 1个超族, 9个新族, 3个新亚族, 178个新属, 36个新亚属, 3,070个新种和76个新亚种, 另有1,071个新组合, 485个新异名, 70个分类阶元升级, 26个分类阶元降级。新发表的物种中, 隐翅虫科534种, 金龟科461种, 二者约占总数的31.6%。世界鞘翅目新物种发现数量最多的国家是中国, 共发现新属13个, 新亚属4个, 新种635个, 新亚种6个, 发表中国新记录亚科2个, 新记录属13个, 新记录亚属1个, 新记录种112个和新记录亚种6个。2021年发表的中国鞘翅目新种有204个隶属于金龟科, 新物种发现数量最高的省级行政区是云南省(172个新种及亚种)。     

中国母草科植物分类及地理分布

对国内外关于母草科(Linderniaceae Borsch,Kai Müller&Eberhard Fischer)系统分类学的研究进展进行了综述,整理和总结了中国母草科植物的分类学变动情况。通过收集中国数字植物标本馆、中国国家标本资源平台、《中国植物志》、Flora of China及《中国生物物种名录》物种分布信息,分析了中国母草科植物的分布格局。结果表明,母草科主要由传统玄参科母草族、腭母草族的类群及原苦苣苔科的侧母草属所构成,共22属220余种,中国分布有8属43种,其中15种为中国特有种。在中国,广西与广东分布的母草科植物最为丰富,新疆、青海和宁夏无母草科植物分布。研究更正了中国母草科植物属的范围及地理分布,以期为母草科植物未来的分类学与生物多样性研究提供参考。     

基于matR基因序列分析的山茶科系统关系

通过线粒体matR基因序列分析探讨了山茶科的分类学范围和系统演化关系。结果显示,传统山茶科的两个核心——山茶亚科（Theoideae或Camellioideae）和厚皮香亚科（Ternstroemioideae）不构成姐妹群关系,山茶亚科是一个支持率很高的单系类群,厚皮香亚科没有形成单系;山茶亚科下可区分出3个明显的分支,基部的分支由紫茎属（Stewartia）和舟柄茶属（Hartia）组成,木荷属（Schima）、美洲荷属（Franklirda）和美国大头茶属（Gordonia）构成第2个分支,该分支与由山茶属（Camellia）、核果茶属（Pyrenaria）、多瓣核果茶属（Parapyrenaria）、石笔木属（Tutcheria）、大头荣属（Polyspora）和圆籽荷属（Aptersperma）组成的第3个分支互为姐妹群。研究结果很好地支持了Prince和Parks等学者提出的的狭义山茶科（仅含山茶亚科）和狭义大头茶属的概念以及科下3个族（紫茎族Stewartieae、大头茶族Gordonieae和山茶族Theeae）的划分。但本研究更为清晰地揭示了科下3个族间的系统关系,即紫茎族是最基部的分支,山茶族与大头茶族间有更近的亲缘关系。同时,本文认为,厚皮香（亚）科是否为单系类群值得进一步研究。     

等鳃金龟属中国种类修订

等鳃金龟属Exolontha Reitter(1902)隶属于金龟子科、鳃角金龟亚科、鳃角金龟族(Melolonthini)。在此之前,本属共记有两个种:Exolontha umbraculata(Burmeister),1855及Exolontha tonkinensis Moser,1913。今就现有材料的研究,对等鳃金龟属的分类作以下三点修订:     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细