粘质赛氏菌胞外蛋白酶的化学修饰

用九种化学修饰剂研究了粘质赛氏菌Ｓｅｒｒａｔｉａ Ｍａｒｃｅｓｃｅｎｓ４１００３（２）胞外蛋白酶分子中氨基酸侧链基团与酶催化活性的关系,结果表明组氨酸、丝氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸及天冬氨酸等残苈与酸活性无关;半胱拟定酸箕与酶活性 直接关系;而酪氨酸和色氨酸残基侧链的修饰引起酶活力大幅度下降,说明酪氨酸和色氨酸残基为酶活力必需。     

嗜水气单胞菌胞外蛋白酶的化学修饰

 蛋白酶是嗜水气单胞菌 (Aeromonashydrophila)的重要致病因子 .为研究其结构与功能之间的关系 ,用DEPC、EDC、PMSF、N AI等 9种化学修饰剂处理嗜水气单胞菌J 1株胞外蛋白酶ECPase54,然后检测残余酶活力 ,借以研究酶分子中氨基酸侧链基团与酶活性中心的关系 .结果表明 ,羧基、丝氨酸、ε 氨基、胍基等残基与酶活性无关 ;半胱氨酸残基与酶活性也无直接关系 ;而色氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸残基侧链以及二硫键的化学修饰引起酶活性的大幅度的下降 ,说明色氨酸、组氨酸、酪氨酸残基以及二硫键是酶活力所必需的基团     

大肠杆菌AS1.357 L-天门冬酰胺酶的选择性化学修饰

用九种化学修饰剂研究了大肠杆菌AS1.357 L-天门冬酰胺酶分子中的五种不同氨基酸侧链基团与催化活性的关系。结果说明,渡酶活力与硫氧墓完全无关;与色氨酸、精氨酸和组氨酸亦无直接联系;而酪氨酸残基和羧基的修饰引起酶活力急剧下降。其中酪氢酸残基巳被证实是该酶活力的必需基团,处于该酶分子的活性部位。     

溜曲霉β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶的化学修饰

用几种蛋白质侧链修饰试剂对β-N-乙酰氢基己糖苷酶进行化学修饰,在一定条件下,当巯基、羟基、酪氨酸残基分别被IAA及NEM、PMSF、NAI修饰后,酶活力不受影响,说明这些基团与活力无关。当羧基、组氨酸及色氨酸残基分别被EDC、DEP、NBS修饰后,酶活力大幅度下降,说明这些基团或者参与了酶催化作用,或者位于酶活性位区附近。     

豆壳过氧化物酶的盐酸胍变性与化学修饰研究

研究了盐酸胍对豆壳过氧化物酶(soybeanhullperoxidase,SHP,EC1.11.1.7)构象与活力的影响,发现去辅基SHP的盐酸胍变(复)性及荧光变化关系与SHP全酶分子的盐酸胍变(复)性及荧光变化关系明显不同。应用过碘酸氧化法去除SHP分子表面糖链,研究糖链去除对酶性质的影响,则证实了SHP分子表面的糖链去除导致酶热稳定性下降。应用不同的蛋白质侧链修饰剂对SHP进行化学修饰则表明,巯基、酪氨酸和色氨酸残基为酶活力非必需,而羧基、组氨酸和精氨酸残基为酶活力所必需。     

分枝犁头霉α-半乳糖苷酶的氨基酸组成及化学修饰

α-半乳糖苷酶进行氨基酸组分分析,结果为含有较多的酸性及巯水性氨基酸,较少的组氨酸、酪氨酸及半胱氨酸。 用几种蛋白质侧链修饰试剂对α-半乳糖苷酶进行化学修饰。在一定条件下,当巯基及酪氨酸残基分别被NEM、IAA及NAI修饰后,酶活力不受影响,说明这些基团与活力无关。当羟基、组氨酸及色氨酸残基分别被EDC、DEP、NBS及HNBB修饰后,酶活力大幅度下降,说明这些基团或者参与了酯催化作用或者位于酯活性位区附近。     

产碱菌麦芽四糖淀粉酶的化学修饰

不同蛋白质侧链修饰剂对麦芽四糖淀粉酶进行修饰。在一定条件下,分别用ＩＡＡ、ＮＥＭ、ＥＤＣ和ＮＡＩ处理后,酶活力不受影响,仍为１００％,说明巯基、羧基和酪氨酸残基与酶活力无关。用ＤＥＰ、ＮＢＳ和ＨＮＢＢ修饰后,酶活力大幅度下降,说明组氨酸和色氨酸基为酶活力所必需。     

甘露聚糖酶Man23的化学修饰及活性必需基团测定

用化学修饰剂NEM、二甲基溴化锍、EDC、DEPC、TNM、对硝基苯乙二醛、PMSF、TNBS对芽孢杆菌B23产生的甘露聚糖酶M an23进行化学修饰,并测定修饰反应的动力学参数关系。结果显示半胱氨酸、色氨酸(1个)和谷氨酸(或天冬氨酸)残基(2个)是酶活性的必需基团;组氨酸、酪氨酸、精氨酸、丝氨酸和赖氨酸残基均为非必需基团。双向电泳结果显示酶蛋白分子具有一个链内二硫键(Cys90-Cys110)。荧光光谱测定结果显示该酶最大吸收峰为336 nm。底物作用导致酶的发射光谱发生蓝移,说明色氨酸残基位于酶蛋白分子内部的疏水区。     

菜心溶菌酶的提纯及酶学性质

菜心（ＢｒａｓｓｉｃａｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓＬ．ｓｓｐ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ．ｕｔｉｌｉｓ）叶子高速捣碎后,滤液经酸碱处理,硫酸铵分步沉淀,凝胶柱层析等步骤分离纯化溶菌酶,酶比活力达３４１４．６Ｕ／ｍｇ,纯化倍数为１９７．４。菜心溶菌酶在较宽的温度或ｐＨ值范围均有活性,最适温度为６０℃,最适ｐＨ值为５．８,底物Ｋｍ值为８７μｇ／ｍＬ。该酶对热和酸碱的稳定性较高,巯基和酪氨酸残基不是该酶活性中心的必需基团。     

北京棒状杆菌AS1.299谷氨酰胺合成酶的提纯和性质

用热变性、硫酸铵分段沉淀和DEAE纤维素柱层析部分纯化了北京棒状杆菌AS1.299(Corynebacterium pekinense)谷氨酰胺合成酶,并用垂直平板电泳对酶进一步精制。酶对谷氨酰胺的Km值为16.4mM,对羟胺的Km值为43.5mM;酶的沉降系数为21S,SDS凝胶电泳测得酶的亚基分子量为56,000。化学修饰表明,该酶活力与硫氢基、色氨酸、精氨酸残基无关;酪氨酸修饰剂的作用引起酶活力下降,初步证明,组氨酸残基是该酶活力的必需基因。     

米黑毛霉(M.miehei)天冬氨酸蛋白酶的研究

用硫酸铵分部盐析及离子交换层析技术从米黑毛霉半固体培养物的浸提液中提纯了天冬氨酸蛋白酶,酶活力收率为19.5％,,比活力达3080SU/mg蛋白,提纯8.5倍。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、SDS-凝胶电泳、等电聚焦、双向免疫扩散及免疫电泳等方法鉴定该酶均一。本文还报道了关于该酶生化性质、动力学性质及化学修饰的研究结果。该酶以天冬氨酸为其活性的必需基团,系一典型的天冬氨酸蛋白酶。     

An essential tryptophan residue for rabbit muscle creatine kinase

The tryptophan residues in rabbit muscle creatine kinase (ATP:creatine N-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.2) have been modified by dimethyl(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl) sulfonium bromide after reversible protection of the reactive SH groups. The modification of two tryptophan residues as measured by spectrophotometric titration leads to complete loss of enzymatic activity. Control experiments show that reversible protection of the reactive SH groups as S-sulfonates followed by reduction results in nearly quantitative recovery of enzyme activity. The presence of a 410 nm absorption maximum and the decrease in fluorescence of the modified enzyme indicate the modification of tryptophan residues. At the same time, SH determinations after reduction of the modified enzyme show that the reagent has not affected the protected SH groups. Quantitative treatment of the data (Tsou, C.-L. (1962) Sci. Sin. 11, 1535 1558) shows that among the tryptophan residues modified, one is essential for its catalytic activity. The presence of substrates partially protects the modification of tryptophan residues as well as the inactivation, suggesting that the essential tryptophan residue is situated at the active site of this enzyme.     

Chemical modification of rat liver microsomal glutathione transferase defines residues of importance for catalytic function.

Amino acid residues that are essential for the activity of rat liver microsomal glutathione transferase have been identified using chemical modification with various group-selective reagents. The enzyme reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine liposomes does not require stabilization with glutathione for activity (in contrast with the purified enzyme in detergent) and can thus be used for modification of active-site residues. Protection by the product analogue and inhibitor S-hexylglutathione was used as a criterion for specificity. It was shown that the histidine-selective reagent diethylpyrocarbonate inactivated the enzyme and that S-hexylglutathione partially protected against this inactivation. All three histidine residues in microsomal glutathione transferase could be modified, albeit at different rates. Inactivation of 90% of enzyme activity was achieved within the time period required for modification of the most reactive histidine, indicating the functional importance of this residue in catalysis. The arginine-selective reagents phenylglyoxal and 2,3-butanedione inhibited the enzyme, but the latter with very low efficiency; therefore no definitive assignment of arginine as essential for the activity of microsomal glutathione transferase can be made. The amino-group-selective reagents 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonate and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate inactivated the enzyme. Thus histidine residues and amino groups are suggested to be present in the active site of the microsomal glutathione transferase.     

Chemical modifications of Achromobacter collagenase and their influence on the enzymic activity

A study of the influence of chemical modifications on the activity of Achromobacter iophagus collagenase (EC 3.4.24.8) has led to the following conclusions: a modification of 4 out of 80 COOH groups with carbodiimide led to 90% loss of enzymic activity. A 70% inactivation was found after modification of two tyrosines out of 30 with tetranitromethane. The modification of four to six tryptophans out of 16 with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide decreased enzyme activity to 36%. This inactivation is accelerated in the presence of collagen. An increase of reagent/enzyme molar ratio led to a modification of 16 tryptophan residues and denaturation of Acahromobacter collagenase. A modification of two arginines out of 18 with 1,2-cyclohexanedione and eight NH2 groups out of 24 with 2,3-dimethyl maleic anhydride does not change the collagenolytic activity. All NH2 groups become available for 2,3-dimethyl maleic anhydride after dissociation of the dimer. A possible analogy of hydrolytic site of collagenase with that of two other known bacterial metalloproteinases (thermolysin and Bacillus subtilis neutral proteinase (EC 3.4.24.4)) is discussed.     

The chemical modification of the essential groups of beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase from Turbo cornutus Solander

The chemical modification of beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.30) from Turbo cornutus Solander has been first studied. The results demonstrate that the sulfhydryl group of cysteine residues and the hydroxyl group of serine residues are not essential to the enzyme's function. The modification of indole group of tryptophan of the enzyme by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) can lead to the complete inactivation, accompanying the absorption decreasing at 278 nm and the fluorescence intensity quenching at 335 nm, indicating that tryptophan is essential residue to the enzyme. The modification of amino group of lysine residue by formaldehyde and trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid also inactivates the enzyme completely. The results show that lysine and tryptophan are probably situated in the active site of the enzyme. The modification of the imidazole residue and carboxyl group leads to inactivate incompletely, indicating they are not the composing groups of the enzyme active center, and they are essential for maintaining the enzyme's conformation which is necessary for the catalytic activity of the enzyme.     

猪链球菌2型溶血素的化学修饰

用DTT、H2O2、DEPC、EDC、NAI、NBS、PCMB、2,3Diacetyl和SA 等9种化学修饰剂,处理猪链球菌2型江苏分离株提纯的溶血素,研究其分子中氨基酸侧链基团与其溶血活性的关系。结果表明,巯基、氨基、羧基和酪氨酸残基等与其溶血活性无关,而色氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸的化学修饰引起溶血活性的大幅度下降,二硫键的化学修饰引起溶血活性的大幅度增强。显示色氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸残基是该溶血素的活性必需基团,二硫键的断裂可引起其活性增强。