野外模拟酸雨胁迫下接种外生菌根真菌对马尾松幼苗的缓解作用

外生菌根真菌能够提高宿主植物对外界环境胁迫的抵抗力。主要探讨野外条件下外生菌根真菌对酸雨胁迫下马尾松(Pinus massoniana)幼苗生长、养分元素以及表层土壤的影响,以期为酸雨严重区马尾松林恢复提供科学依据。以2年生马尾松幼苗为材料,采用原位试验,共设置6个处理:p H5.6(对照)处理未接种、对照处理接种、p H4.5酸雨处理未接种、p H4.5酸雨处理接种、p H3.5酸雨处理未接种、p H3.5酸雨处理接种。研究表明:(1)酸雨处理与对照处理相比显著降低了非菌根苗总生物量及各部位生物量(根、茎、叶),对株高无显著影响,接种外生菌根真菌可以缓解酸雨对马尾松幼苗生长的不利影响;(2)与对照处理相比,酸雨处理的非菌根苗的针叶中N、P、Ca含量升高,Mg含量降低,根系中N、P、Ca含量降低,Mg含量随p H的降低先升高后降低。接种外生菌根真菌显著提高了p H3.5酸雨处理的马尾松幼苗根系中N、P、Ca、Mg含量,而对针叶中N、P、Ca、Mg含量无显著影响。(3)在非菌根土壤中,p H3.5酸雨处理与对照处理相比显著降低了土壤中有机质、速效磷、速效钾、可溶性碳、可溶性氮、铵态氮、硝态氮含量,而接种外生菌根真菌显著提高了上述指标。酸雨对土壤阳离子交换量无显著影响。总而言之,接种外生菌根真菌促进了酸雨处理的马尾松幼苗生长、缓解了酸雨对马尾松幼苗养分元素和表层土壤的不利影响,由此可见接种外生菌根真菌是减轻酸雨对马尾松危害的一个重要途径。     

菌根真菌提高杨树抗溃疡病生理生化机制的研究

以107速生杨(Populus×euramericana cv.'74/76')幼苗为材料,考察了接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)和外生菌根真菌(ECMF)幼苗在受到溃疡病菌侵害后生理生化指标和抗病相关蛋白的变化,初步探讨菌根真菌诱导植物抗病性的可能机制.结果表明,两种菌根真菌都能够显著降低杨树幼苗溃疡病的感病指数和发病率,显著提高杨树叶片叶绿素、树皮可溶性蛋白含量和根系活力强度;两种菌根真菌都可以显著降低杨树感病部位的丙二醛含量和提高游离脯氨酸含量,增强杨树超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性;丛枝菌根真菌能显著诱导提高杨树感病部位几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性,而外生菌根真菌则不能诱导或效应较低,且丛枝菌根真菌诱导杨树提高抗病性的相关指标均优于外生菌根真菌,而苗木感病指数和发病率均低于外生菌根真菌,其在幼苗期接种提高杨树抗溃疡病的效果较好.可见,在杨树受到溃疡病菌侵染时,菌根真菌可促进杨树对营养物质的吸收和生长,提高菌根苗体内保护酶活性和抗性相关化合物的含量,促使产生大量几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶来诱导杨树产生二次防卫反应,从而补偿病害所带来的损伤,增强抗病性.     

接种AMF对弱光环境及盐胁迫下甜瓜光合特性的影响

以甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)品种"中蜜3号"为试材,摩西球囊霉菌(Glmous mosseae,GM)为供试菌种,采用温室盆栽试验研究了丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi,AMF)对弱光及盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗叶绿素含量、光合气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数和光响应曲线的影响。结果表明:弱光及盐胁迫下接种AMF可显著增强甜瓜幼苗叶绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)、水分利用率(WUE)和气孔限制因子(L_s);气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)则随胁迫时间延长不断增强;光化学猝灭系数(qP)与实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))变化趋势基本一致且均显著高于未接菌处理;接种AMF显著增强了最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m),但处理之间差异不显著;并进一步提高了宿主的最大羧化速率(A_(max))、光饱和点(LSP)和表观量子效率(AQE),降低了光补偿点(LCP)和暗呼吸速率(R_d)。研究发现,AMF可通过改善叶绿素荧光、气体交换参数和光响应参数来减轻弱光及盐胁迫对植株造成的伤害,从而提高甜瓜对弱光及盐胁迫的耐性。     

接种彩色豆马勃对模拟酸沉降下马尾松幼苗生物量的影响

外生菌根能够提高宿主植物对外界环境胁迫的抵抗力,促进植物的生长,本文试图揭示外生菌根对酸雨胁迫下马尾松生长的保护作用。本研究采用盆栽试验,共设置四个处理：酸雨对照处理（Control check (CK), 约pH值5.5）不接种,酸雨对照处理接种,酸雨pH值3.5处理不接种,酸雨pH值3.5处理接种。pH值3.5的酸雨处理降低马尾松的生物量,在试验前期降低根冠比,试验中后期则提高根冠比,在试验初期增加了叶面积,但中后期显著降低了叶面积。接种外生菌根菌有利于马尾松幼苗的生长,pH值3.5处理下接种外生菌根菌能提高马尾松幼苗的生物量,外生菌根菌对生物量分配和叶面积的影响与酸雨胁迫的影响是相反的,即外生菌根菌抵消了酸雨胁迫对马尾松的影响。     

接种菌根真菌对青冈栎幼苗耐旱性的影响

利用丛枝菌根真菌摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)、根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices)和外生菌根真菌彩色豆马勃(Pisolithus tinctorius)对石漠化地区造林树种青冈栎(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)幼苗进行接种试验。在大棚盆栽条件下模拟土壤干旱胁迫,研究菌根真菌对青冈栎生长和耐旱性的影响。结果表明:在土壤干旱条件下,接种菌根处理植株生物量显著高于未接种处理(P0.05),菌根依赖性随土壤水分含量降低而升高;未接种处理植株叶绿素含量在土壤干旱条件下显著降低(P0.05),除接种Pisolithus tinctorius处理外,其它接种处理叶绿素含量无显著变化。土壤干旱使植株体内脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量上升,在中度干旱条件下,接种处理可溶性糖含量均显著高于对照处理,接种Glomus intraradices、Pisolithus tinctorius处理脯氨酸含量显著低于对照(P0.05);在重度干旱条件下,接种Glomus mosseae和Glomus intraradices处理可溶性糖含量显著高于对照处理(P0.05),而相应的脯氨酸含量显著低于对照处理。当土壤水分含量在田间持水量55%—65%时,接种处理植株SOD、POD和CAT酶活性显著高于未接种处理(P0.05),在土壤水分含量降至35%—45%时,Glomus mosseae和Glomus intraradices处理SOD酶活性显著高于对照,并且所有接种处理POD酶活性均显著高于对照。此外,在水分干旱条件下,植株全磷和全钾含量也显著高于未接种处理(P0.05)。研究表明,丛枝菌根真菌和外生菌根真菌均能够侵染青冈栎幼苗根系;在干旱胁迫条件下,接种菌根真菌能够提高青冈栎植株生物量、抗氧化酶活性、增加植株可溶性糖含量和促进植株养分吸收,提高植株耐旱性,从而使青冈栎幼苗在岩溶干旱环境下更容易存活。     

铝胁迫对接种丛枝菌根真菌樟树幼苗光合作用的影响

在实验室条件下用低(0.5 mmol·L-1)、中(8 mmol·L-1)、高(15 mmol·L-1)浓度Al3 溶液胁迫接种和未接种丛枝菌根(AM)的樟树幼苗,10周后测定植株叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn),气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和气孔限制值(Ls).结果表明:未接种和接种樟树幼苗叶片叶绿素含量在低浓度Al3 胁迫时与相应对照无显著差异,而在中、高浓度Al3 胁迫下均显著低于相应对照,并均随Al3 浓度增加而逐渐下降;接种植株的叶绿素含量在对照和中、低浓度Al3 胁迫下均高于相应未接种植株,而在高浓度Al3 胁迫下显著低于未接种植株.未接种和接种樟树幼苗叶片Pn在低浓度Al3 胁迫时均显著高于对照(P<0.05),在中、高浓度时均显著低于对照,且在Al3 浓度间差异显著;末接种和接种樟树幼苗叶片Ci均随Al3 胁迫浓度增加逐渐提高,而其余参数则逐渐下降;在同一Al3 浓度处理下,接种和未接种植株的叶片光合参数均无显著差异.研究发现,中、高浓度Al3 胁迫能显著降低樟树幼苗的净光合速率,且光合机构活性降低是主要原因;接种AM真菌能显著增加中、低浓度Al3 胁迫樟树幼苗的叶片叶绿素含量,但不能显著减轻中、高浓度Al3 胁迫对樟树幼苗光合速率的抑制作用.     

溶磷细菌和丛枝菌根真菌接种对南方红豆杉生长及根际微生物和土壤酶活性的影响

以南方红豆杉实生苗为材料,采用盆栽实验探讨了高效溶磷细菌草木樨中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti)CHW10B与丛枝菌根真菌缩球囊霉(Glomus constrictum)单独和双接种条件下,其植株生长、根际土壤可培养微生物数量、土壤酶活和土壤微生物功能多样性变化,在微生态水平揭示接种对南方红豆杉生长的影响及其机制。结果表明:(1)各接种处理对南方红豆杉幼苗均有促生长作用,接种处理苗高、地径和生物量均较对照显著增加,并以双接种促进效果最好。(2)各接种处理提高了南方红豆杉根际土壤可培养细菌、真菌和放线菌含量,增加了土壤微生物碳源利用率,改变了土壤中物种的丰富度和均一度,增加了土壤中的生物多样性。(3)各接种处理促进了南方红豆杉根际重要土壤酶(酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶、转化酶)活力的增加,且双接种的促进作用最为明显。可见,溶磷细菌(草木樨中华根瘤菌CHW10B)和丛枝菌根真菌(缩球囊霉)具有协同作用,两者同时接种可显著提高南方红豆杉根际土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活力,提高土壤微生物碳源利用率和土壤肥力,增加土壤中的生物多样性,从而达到间接促进宿主植物南方红豆杉生长的目的。     

模拟酸雨和接种外生菌根真菌对马尾松土壤养分、土壤团聚体及有机碳组分的影响

以2年生马尾松(Pinus massoniana)幼苗为试验对象,采用原位试验,研究了模拟酸雨和接种外生菌根真菌对土壤有机碳含量、土壤团聚体组成及土壤养分(N、P、K)含量的影响。设置3种强度(p H5.6(CK),4.5,3.5)的模拟酸雨条件,每个强度酸雨下分别设置接种外生菌根真菌和不接种外生菌根真菌,共计6个处理。结果表明:p H3.5酸雨处理显著降低了土壤中速效磷、总磷、速效钾、铵态氮、硝态氮及总氮含量,而外接外生菌根真菌则有效缓解了这一情况;与对照比,酸雨处理提高了微团聚体(0.053 mm,0.053～0.25 mm)含量,降低了大团聚体(0.25～2 mm)含量; pH3.5处理显著降低各粒级尤其是0.25～2 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量,而接种外生菌根真菌显著增加了有机碳含量;未接种外生菌根真菌土壤中,酸雨处理显著降低了土壤轻组、重组有机碳含量,而接种外生菌根真菌显著提高了土壤轻组、重组有机碳含量;接种外生菌根真菌在一定程度上可以缓解酸雨胁迫对土壤质量的不利影响。     

菌根化马尾松对干旱胁迫的响应及其内源多胺的变化

以分别接种4种外生菌根真菌及其混合菌的5种菌根化马尾松植株为材料,在室内进行自然模拟干旱胁迫处理,考察了各处理植株的萎蔫率、萎蔫度及其针叶中的腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)含量的变化,探讨多胺在外生菌根提高马尾松抗旱能力过程中的作用.结果显示:接种外生菌根真菌能够显著提高植株定植土壤的保水能力,显著降低植株的萎蔫率和萎蔫度;在干旱胁迫过程中,菌根化植株的Spm含量、多胺总量均高于对照植株且含量相对稳定,而菌根化植株和对照植株的Spd含量均无明显变化, 对照植株和紫金蜡蘑菌根化植株的Put含量相对较高且变化幅度较大.研究发现,外生菌根能提高马尾松植株内源Spm含量和Put的降解能力,调节各种内源多胺的分配比例,最终显著提高马尾松植株的抗旱能力.     

6种外生菌根真菌对西南桦幼苗的接种效应

【背景】西南桦是兼具内生、外生菌根的典型菌根营养型树种,菌根化育苗是其壮苗培育的有效措施。【目的】揭示外生菌根真菌对西南桦无性系幼苗生长和养分含量的影响,为其菌根化育苗筛选优良外生菌根真菌提供科学依据。【方法】以BY1、FB4、FB4+和A5等4个西南桦优良无性系为研究对象,选用土生空团菌(Cenococcumgeophilum)、松乳菇(Lactariusdeliciosus)、黄硬皮马勃(Scleroderma flavidum)、多根硬皮马勃(S. polyrhizum)、褐环乳牛肝菌(Suillus luteus)和红绒盖牛肝菌(Xerocomuschrysenteron)6个外生菌根真菌进行盆栽接种试验,分析接种处理间及无性系间苗高、地径、生物量以及养分含量差异。【结果】6个菌种均能与西南桦无性系幼苗形成外生菌根共生体,接种多根硬皮马勃与黄硬皮马勃显著促进了幼苗生长和养分吸收(P0.05),说明其与幼苗的亲和力明显优于其它菌种。尽管菌根侵染率在4个无性系之间无显著差异(P≥0.05),但各菌种对FB4、BY1幼苗生长的促进作用显著强于其它2个无性系。【结论】多根硬皮马勃和黄硬皮马勃可作为西南桦菌根化育苗的优选菌种。     

接种AM真菌对喜树幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

 喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)是我国特有的多年生亚热带落叶阔叶树种, 因其次生代谢产物喜树碱具有良好的抗肿瘤活性而备受关注。通过温室盆栽接种试验, 观察了3属6种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌木薯球囊霉(Glomus manihot)、地表球囊霉(G. versiforme)、透光球囊霉(G. diaphanum)、蜜色无梗囊霉(Acaulospora mellea)、光壁无梗囊霉(A. laevis)和弯丝硬囊霉(Sclerocystis sinuosa)对喜树幼苗生长及光合特性的影响。结果表明, 除地表球囊霉外, 其余菌根幼苗生物量显著高于无菌根幼苗, 蜜色无梗囊霉、弯丝硬囊霉和透光球囊霉的菌根幼苗生物量分别达到无菌根幼苗的1.6倍、1.4倍和1.3倍。与无菌根幼苗相比, 蜜色无梗囊霉菌根幼苗叶片的净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r)均有显著提高, 而胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)与气孔限制值(L_s)则变化不明显。接种透光球囊霉、蜜色无梗囊霉、光壁无梗囊霉和弯丝硬囊霉的喜树幼苗叶片叶绿素a含量、总叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b和类胡萝卜素含量均显著高于无菌根幼苗, 而叶绿素b含量只有木薯球囊霉和弯丝硬囊霉菌根幼苗显著高于无菌根幼苗。接种AM真菌对喜树幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光参数影响较小, 只有透光球囊霉菌根幼苗叶片的最大光能转换效率(F_v/F_m)显著高于无菌根幼苗, 接种木薯球囊霉和弯丝硬囊霉的喜树幼苗的PSⅡ有效光化学量子产量(EQY)显著高于无菌根幼苗, 弯丝硬囊霉菌根幼苗的光化学淬灭(qP)显著高于无菌根幼苗, 非光化学淬灭(NPQ)则显著低于无菌根幼苗。     

印度块菌(Tuber indicum)菌根促生细菌的研究

【目的】筛选对印度块菌菌根量和菌根苗长势有促进作用的菌根促生细菌(Mycorrhization helper bacteria,MHB)。【方法】选择华山松为宿主植物,自块菌菌根根际土壤中分离得到的11种细菌为供试菌株,将印度块菌菌剂与不同浓度的细菌混合于特定基质中后接种于华山松上,并通过对印度块菌与华山松形成的菌根数、华山松的株高和地径三方面的统计与分析,确认MHB。【结果】Pseudomonas sp. JCM 5481 (P143)、Streptomyces sp. EN31 (S191)、Variovorax paradoxus (V633)在浓度为2.4×109 CFU/mL时对印度块菌菌根数、株高和地径均有极显著促进作用(P<0.01);Pseudomonas chlororaphis (P11)、Pseudomonas corrugate (P127)在浓度为0.8×109 CFU/mL时对印度块菌菌根数、株高和地径均有显著促进作用(P<0.05)。4种假单胞菌浓度梯度的设置显示了不同菌株适宜的浓度不同。【结论】实验获得5种MHB,并表明细菌浓度是获得MHB的一个重要影响因素。     

Monitoring the colonization of sugarcane and rice plants by the endophytic diazotrophic bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus marked with gfp and gusA reporter genes

Aims: To evaluate the colonization process of sugarcane plantlets and hydroponically grown rice seedlings by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strain PAL5 marked with the gusA and gfp reporter genes. Methods and Results: Sugarcane plantlets inoculated in vitro with PAL5 carrying the gfp::gusA plasmid pHRGFPGUS did not present green fluorescence, but β‐glucuronidase (GUS)‐stained bacteria could be observed inside sugarcane roots. To complement this existing inoculation methodology for micropropagated sugarcane with a more rapid colonization assay, we employed hydroponically grown gnotobiotic rice seedlings to study PAL5–plant interaction. PAL5 could be isolated from the root surface (10⁸ CFU g^?1) and from surface‐disinfected root and stem tissues (10⁴ CFU g^?1) of inoculated plants, suggesting that PAL5 colonized the internal plant tissues. Light microscopy confirmed the presence of bacteria inside the root tissue. After inoculation of rice plantlets with PAL5 marked with the gfp plasmid pHRGFPTC, bright green fluorescent bacteria could be seen colonizing the rice root surface, mainly at the sites of lateral root emergence, at root caps and on root hairs. Conclusion: The plasmids pHRGFPGUS and pHRGFPTC are valid tools to mark PAL5 and monitor the colonization of micropropagated sugarcane and hydroponic rice seedlings. Significance and Impact of the Study: These tools are of use to: (i) study PAL5 mutants affected in bacteria–plant interactions, (ii) monitor plant colonization in real time and (iii) distinguish PAL5 from other bacteria during the study of mixed inoculants.     

内生细菌252和254对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响

以‘周麦18’为试验材料,采用盆栽法设置盐胁迫、盐胁迫下接菌和对照3组处理,研究不同盐浓度胁迫下接种内生菌对小麦幼苗生长的影响.结果表明: 内生菌252、254分别与死亡谷芽孢杆菌和根癌土壤杆菌具有最高相似率.盐胁迫下接种内生细菌252,在14 d时小麦幼苗随盐浓度升高过氧化物酶(POD)活性先升高后下降,其中盐浓度为100 mmol·L^-1时POD活性最高(13370 U·g^-1·min^-1);21 d时小麦幼苗POD和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较对照明显升高;28 d时盐浓度为150、250 mmol·L^-1的POD和CAT活性最高.盐胁迫下接种内生细菌254,在14 d时盐浓度为250 mmol·L^-1的小麦幼苗CAT活性最高;21 d时盐浓度在100～250 mmol·L^-1的POD和CAT活性较高,其中150 mmol·L^-1时CAT活性最高;28 d时盐浓度为200 mmol·L^-1的CAT活性最高.在盐胁迫下,接种内生菌对小麦幼苗不同培养时期发挥最佳作用的盐浓度不同.内生菌252和254可提高盐胁迫下小麦植株POD、CAT活性,对小麦幼苗生长有一定修复作用.     

丛枝菌根化翅果油树幼苗根际土壤微环境

以我国二级濒危保护植物翅果油(Elaeagnus mollis)为供试植物, 通过温室盆栽试验, 研究接种丛枝菌根真菌对翅果油树幼苗根际土壤微生态环境的影响。试验设计分4个组: 摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)单独接种组(GM)、脆无梗囊霉(Acaulospora delicata)单独接种组(AD)、混合接种组(GM + AD)、不接种的对照组(CK)。测定了菌根侵染率、生物量、根际微生物数量、土壤pH值、土壤酶活性及其对N、P营养的影响等指标。结果显示: 菌根真菌对3个接种组均有侵染, 其中, GM + AD的侵染率最大(90.5%), 生态学效应最好; 与对照组相比, 接种组的生物量均明显提高(p < 0.05), 其中GM + AD组生物量显著增加, 是CK组的2.2倍; AM菌根对根部微生物种群数量产生一定的影响, 主要是使根面上的细菌、放线菌、固氮菌的数量显著增加(p < 0.05); AM菌根使根际pH值降低, 与菌根侵染率呈显著负相关关系(p < 0.05); 接种组根际土壤磷酸酶、脲酶、蛋白酶的活性增加, 根际土壤的磷酸酶、蛋白酶的活性增加量与菌根侵染率呈极显著相关关系(p < 0.01); 接种组的根际土壤中, 可直接被植物吸收利用的N、P元素出现富集现象, 与菌根侵染率呈显著相关关系(p < 0.05)。研究表明: 丛枝菌根的形成改善了翅果油树幼苗的微生态环境, 提高了根际土壤肥力。     

Endophytic bacteria of the rock-dwelling cactus Mammillaria fraileana affect plant growth and mobilization of elements from rocks

Mammillaria fraileana is a major pioneer, small cactus that harbors endophytic bacteria that have plant growth-promoting traits, including rock-weathering capacity. Our working hypothesis was that this functional group of endophytic bacteria assists in establishing pioneer plants on rocks. When these endophytic bacteria were inoculated on seedlings grown in rock substrate, mobilization of elements from the substrate increased at variable levels across combinations of substrates and inoculants. In plants grown in the rhyodacite substrate, where these cacti naturally grow, increased mobilization occurred in plants inoculated with several strains. Promotion of plant growth, manifested as an increase in dry weight, was greater in cacti inoculated with Enterobacter sakazakii M2PFe. Accumulation of nocturnal acids, indicating photosynthesis by crassulacean acid metabolism, was superior in plants inoculated with the endophytes Azotobacter vinelandii M2Per and Pseudomonas putida M5TSA. Inoculation with endophytes can stimulate plant growth of M. fraileana by mobilizing elements from rock, which can lead to higher photosynthetic activity and accumulation of biomass. Inoculation with P. putida M5TSA also led to accumulation of more total nitrogen than plants inoculated with a control nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Evidence of endophytic colonization is provided after initial inoculation of seedlings and re-isolation and sequencing of 16S DNA of recovered bacteria from developing disinfected plants. The associative interaction between pioneer cacti and their bacterial endophytes enable the host plants to grow in places where plants do not normally grow. Through colonization and establishment of pioneer plants, soil is created, which facilitates colonization by other desert species and contributes to the diversity of dry lands.     

Salt-tolerant and plant growth-promoting bacteria isolated from Zn/Cd contaminated soil: identification and effect on rice under saline conditions

The bacteria of PDMCd0501, PDMCd2007, and PDMZnCd2003 were isolated from a Zn/Cd contaminated soil. They were classified as salt-tolerant bacteria in this experiment. The bacteria had indole-3-acetic acids (IAA) production, nitrogen fixation, and phosphate solubilization, under 8% (w/v) NaCl condition. Biochemical test (API 20E) and 16S rDNA sequencing identified PDMCd2007 and PDMCd0501 as Serratia sp. and PDMZnCd2003 was Pseudomonas sp. The effect of Pseudomonas sp. PDMZnCd2003 on the germination and seedlings of Oryza sativa L.cv. RD6 was determined under a salinity of 0–16 dS/m. The salinity levels of 4–16 dS/m affected to decrease germination and seedlings of rice. Comparison between uninoculated and inoculated system, however, Pseudomonas sp. PDMZnCd2003 had a negative impact on the rice growth. This unexpected effect was a case that should be concerned and studied further before application as a plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB).     

Gas exchange and photosynthesis of Eucalyptus camaldulensis seedlings inoculated with different ectomycorrhizal symbionts

Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. seedlings inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch and Thelephora terrestris Ehrl. per Fr. were grown in well watered soil (_s –0.03 MPa) or subjected to a long-term soil water stress of up to –1.0 MPa over 13-week period in a glasshouse. After 13 weeks, all seedling containers were watered to field capacity and then water was withheld from the E. camaldulensis seedlings to induce a short-term drought. Diurnal measurements of seedling photosynthesis rate (A), leaf stomatal conductance (g) and leaf water potential (_p) were completed before, during, and after the short term drought. Although they were growing in an equal soil volume, photosynthesis rate (A), leaf stomatal conductance and leaf water potential (_p) of larger seedlings with P. tinctorius ectomycorrhizae were similar to those of smaller seedlings colonized with T. terrestris during the short-term drought period. Seedlings inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius maintained higher photosynthesis rates over the course of the short-term drought. Thus, P. tinctorius ectomycorrhizae appear to be more efficient than those of T. terrestris in assisting seedlings to maintain gas exchange and photosynthesis under limited soil moisture conditions.     

外生菌根真菌对‘NL-895杨’光合作用的影响

以‘NL-895杨’(Populus×euramericanacv.Nanlin 895)幼苗为材料,研究6种外生菌根真菌接种对其幼苗光合作用的影响.结果显示:接种60 d后‘NL-895杨’叶片的叶绿素a和b含量、PSⅡ最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)比对照极显著提高,其中叶绿素a和b的增加幅度分别为28.16%～68.03%和69.29%～138.26%,并以接种劣味乳菇的‘NL-895杨’Fv/Fm最高,且与对照差异极显著.各处理菌根苗培养150 d时‘NL-895杨’的净光合速率表现为美味牛肝菌>红绒盖牛肝菌>劣味乳菇>彩色豆马勃2号>紫金蜡蘑>彩色豆马勃1号>对照;菌根真菌处理对‘NL-895杨’叶片胞间CO2浓度影响较小,但其蒸腾速率显著高于对照,而且能促进总糖的合成与积累,并以接种彩色豆马勃2号的‘NL-895杨’苗总糖含量最高.研究表明,接种菌根真菌可以有效提高‘NL-895杨’对光能资源的利用率,增加其光合产物积累,显著促进其生长.     

Effects of truffle inoculation on a nursery culture substrate environment and seedling of Carya illinoinensis

We inoculated Tuber aestivum and Tuber sinoaestivum on Carya illinoinensis to explore the effects of inoculation on host plant growth, enzyme activities, the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil, the denitrifying bacterial community in the rhizosphere, and the distribution of mating type genes in the rhizosphere. We found that the Tuber spp. inoculation increased the height of the host plant and that the stem circumference of the host was greater two months after inoculation. Six months after inoculation, the peroxidase activity of the seedlings inoculated with T. sinoaestivum was higher than that of the control. At four and six months after inoculation, the superoxidase dismutase activities of the seedlings inoculated with T. aestivum were higher than those of the seedlings inoculated with T. sinoaestivum. Six months after inoculation, nitrate nitrogen content was lowest in the control and highest in the T. sinoaestivum treatment. Among the nirS-type denitrifying bacteria community, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria were high. T. aestivum and T. sinoaestivum inoculation did not affect the diversity of denitrifying bacteria. The mating type genes MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 were detected in the rhizosphere of C. illinoinensis inoculated with T. sinoaestivum and T. aestivum, and MAT1-1-1 dominated over MAT1-2-1.