白千层精油的化学成分比较

白千层属植物在澳洲多达 30多种。具有较高利用价值的主要为互叶白千层 (Ｍｅｌａｌｅｕｃａａｌｔｅｒｎｉｆｏｌｉａ )和白千层 (ＭｅｌａｌｅｕｃａｌｅｕｃａｄｅｎｄｒａＬｉｎｎ)。白千层原产澳大利亚 (朱亮锋等 ,1993) ,我国广东、广西、福建、台湾和云南均有引种栽培 ,为桃金娘科常绿乔木 ,又名玉树。以其枝叶水蒸气蒸馏得到精油 ,国际市场称互叶白千层精油商品名为茶树油(Ｔｅａｔｒｅｅｏｉｌ) (古佛政等 ,1999)。有较强的抑菌、镇痛、驱虫及防腐作用 ,具治疗牙痛、风湿痛、神经痛、耳痛和消炎杀菌等功效。本文采用气相色谱 (ＧＣ…     

淹水深度对互叶白千层幼苗气体交换、叶绿素荧光和生长的影响

实验设置对照、浅淹(水位高出土壤表面5cm)和深淹(水位高出土壤表面20cm)3种处理,研究了淹水深度对互叶白千层幼苗的气体交换、叶绿素荧光和生长状况的影响。研究结果表明,随着淹水深度的增加,互叶白千层受到的胁迫程度有所增强。经过270d的淹水处理,浅淹组和深淹组的株高和生物量有所下降,分别为对照的90.86%、64.58%和74.52%、36.46%。浅淹组植株叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔传导率和蒸腾速率略有下降,分别为对照的95.39%、94.26%、90.02%和88.94%。深淹组植株在淹水后180d内上述参数显著下降,分别为对照的79.44%、73.54%、61.79%和71.46%,随后逐渐接近对照组。浅淹组PSⅡ的最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)比较稳定,与对照组基本相同。深淹组在淹水后150d内Fv/Fm稍有下降,随后恢复到对照水平。浅淹组植株光化学淬灭系数(qP)稍有下降,非光化学淬灭(NPQ)略有上升,分别为对照的96.63%和105.66%。深淹组植株在淹水后120d内qP显著下降,NPQ明显上升,分别为对照的94.51%和126.66%,随后逐渐接近对照组。另外,淹水过程中,互叶白千层形成不定根和产生发达的通气组织,淹水植株的根孔隙度显著高于对照。     

绿色低共熔溶剂提取互叶白千层精油及成分分析

为探究绿色低共熔溶剂提取互叶白千层精油的最佳工艺,该研究采用四种提取工艺作对比,并在单因素实验的基础上结合响应面进行了工艺优化,利用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）对四种工艺提取到的互叶白千层精油进行了比较分析。结果表明：（1）互叶白千层精油最佳提取工艺为干燥原料低共熔溶剂蒸馏,最优提取条件为氯化胆碱与1,3-丁二醇摩尔比1∶3、含水量52 mol、原料干燥时间9 h、料液比1∶5 g·mL^-1、蒸馏时间60 min,在此条件下所得提取率为4.06%,实验值与响应面模型的预测值有较好的拟合性,证实模型有效,提取率比新鲜原料水蒸气蒸馏、干燥原料水蒸气蒸馏和冻融原料水蒸气蒸馏分别提高了383.33%、290.38%和497.06%。（2）经四种工艺提取所得精油主要成分大致相同,但含量差距很大,主要有醇类和烯烃类物质。（3）干燥原料低共熔溶剂蒸馏的精油提取率和特征组分含量都高于其他工艺,包括醇类8种,烯烃类9种,其他化合物3种;主要成分为γ-松油烯、松油烯、α-蒎烯、α-松油醇、香树烯,其中烯烃类化合物相对含量最大,为45.31%;特征组分松油烯-4-醇含量为30.58%...     

互叶白千层油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸汽蒸馏收集互叶白千层芳香油,对该油进行ＧＣ／ＭＳ／ＤＳ定性分析及其总离于流图的面积归一化定量分析,鉴定出２５种化合物,其中含氧化合物６种,碳氢化合物１９种。直接影响该油商品价值的化学成分４－萜品醇含量约为１７％,桧樟脑含量约为２．４％。     

不同种源和家系白千层芳香油组分及含量初探

本文利用从澳大利亚引进的白千层芳香油树种天然种子进行繁育,并对生长期为18个月的白千层枝叶进行含油量测定,分析不同种源、家系白千层芳香油组分及含量,选择和推广具有经济开发价值的白千层优良品种。     

外来植物白千层生长区域土壤的化感作用研究

为了探究外来植物白千层生长区域土壤的化感作用, 选择邻近生长的本地植物榕树为对照, 以白菜和萝卜为受体植物, 通过对比研究白千层(Melaleuca leucadendra Linn)生长区域与邻近榕树生长区域的土壤水浸液对白菜和萝卜的种子萌发与幼苗生长的抑制作用, 同时设置不添加活性碳与添加活性碳处理, 探究白千层生长区域土壤的化感作用。结果表明, 白千层生长区土壤对白菜和萝卜的幼苗生长有明显的抑制作用, 且不同浓度水提液对不同受体植物的影响不同。相较于对照植物榕树, 白千层生长区的土壤水浸液在低浓度不添加活性碳条件下对白菜与萝卜苗高具有明显的抑制作用。与未添加活性碳处理相比, 经过活性碳处理的土壤浸提液对萝卜苗高与根长有一定的促进作用, 证明白千层生长区土壤水浸液对萝卜幼苗生长具有明显的抑制作用。     

耐旱灌木互叶醉鱼草的生物学特性研究

互叶醉鱼草是我国西北干旱山区造林的优良灌木树种,对互叶醉鱼草在甘肃天祝县的分布及其采种母树进行了调查.对互叶醉鱼草的播种育苗、扦插育苗和造林试验进行了详细研究,扦插成活率可达75%,生根类型为皮部生根.干旱地区当年的造林成活率可达75%以上.这为今后互叶醉鱼草的开发利用和产业化经营提供依据.     

干旱胁迫下镉处理对互叶醉鱼草幼苗生长、镉积累及光合生理的影响

为探究干旱条件下,互叶醉鱼草(Buddleja alternifolia Maxim.)幼苗对重金属镉胁迫的生长及光合生理响应机制,以两年生互叶醉鱼草幼苗为试验材料,设置对照与干旱两个水分处理组(土壤相对含水率分别为:65%—60%,35%—30%),每个水分处理条件下再分别设置3个镉处理浓度(0.28、(0.6+0.28)、(1.2+0.28)mg/kg),共6个处理。测定不同水分及镉处理对互叶醉鱼草生长、生物量、光合参数及体内重金属含量的影响。结果表明:干旱与镉复合胁迫下植物的存活率为100%。镉胁迫、干旱与镉复合胁迫均不同程度抑制了互叶醉鱼草幼苗生长、生物量积累、植株的光合作用及叶绿素含量,且其光合和叶绿素含量的降幅明显大于单一镉胁迫。镉胁迫下,互叶醉鱼草幼苗单株最高镉富集量为69.33 mg/kg,而复合胁迫下单株最高镉富集量为50.68 mg/kg。以上结果表明:干旱胁迫能够加重镉胁迫对植物的影响,使复合胁迫下互叶醉鱼草生长、光合生理及镉富集能力下降。但单一镉胁迫下,互叶醉鱼草对镉具有更强的耐受性,并有较高的生物富集能力,且干旱与Cd复合胁迫下互叶醉鱼草幼苗仍有一定的镉积累量。因此在干旱半干旱区园林绿化以及Cd污染地区的生态建设中,互叶醉鱼草是一种具有巨大应用潜力和前景的灌木树种。     

互叶指甲草属——中国石竹科一归化属

首次报道了互叶指甲草属Corrigiola L．在我国的分布,确认互叶指甲草C．littoralis L．已在我国江西庐山归化。     

互花米草与短叶茳芏枯落物分解过程中碳氮磷化学计量学特征

为了揭示植物枯落物分解过程中元素生态化学计量学特征,对闽江河口湿地互花米草和短叶茳芏枯落物分解过程进行了测定.结果表明:整个分解期间内(2007年1-10月),在近潮沟生境和远潮沟生境,互花米草枯落物分解速率、氮磷养分含量低于短叶茳芏枯落物,但热值高于短叶茳芏枯落物;近潮沟生境,互花米草和短叶茳芏枯落物分解过程中平均C/N、C/P和N/P分别为70.5和34.7,2285.8和1210.7,32.8和35.4;远潮沟生境互花米草和短叶茳芏枯落物分解过程中平均C/N、C/P和N/P分别为72.7和33.2,2519.2和1167.0,34.0和35.9,两种生境下均表现为互花米草具有较高的C/N、C/P和较低的N/P;互花米草枯落物分解过程中具有较高的C/N和C/P,其分解速率较低.     

Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia

Melaleuca alternifolia has been used for medical purposes since Australia was colonized in 1788. Melaleuca alternifolia is commonly called tea tree, although this vernacular name is also given to many other species in the Leptospermum and Melaleuca genera. A small tree, it grows up to 5 m in height, has papery bark and narrow, tapered leaves up to 20 mm in length and flowers in summer. Melaleuca alternifolia is unique to Australia and its natural habitat is a relatively small area around the Clarence and Richmond rivers in the north-east coastal area of New South Wales where the terrain is generally low lying and swampy. The essential oil of M. alternifolia , or tea tree oil. has enjoyed increased medicinal use in recent years. It is a pale yellow viscous liquid with a distinctive pungent odour and is composed of a complex mixture of monoterpenes, 1-terpinen-4-ol, cineole and other hydrocarbons (Peña 1962).     

Anti-inflammatory effects of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil on human polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocytes

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: The fungicidal and bactericidal actions of the essential oil (EO) of Melaleuca alternifolia seem well established, but their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects remain unclear. In this study, we investigated in vitro the possible role of whole M. alternifolia EO as a modulator of the oxidative response, i.e. reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, of leukocytes (monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)) in humans. METHODS: Whole blood leukocytes from healthy human volunteers (n = 7), isolated from erythrocytes by haemolytic shock, were incubated for 30 min with M. alternifolia EO (0-0.1%) to determine their ROS production by flow cytometry with or without stimulation of cells. We compared the effects of 3 different stimulating agents acting differently on transductional pathways to stimulate the ROS production: a phorbol ester (PMA), formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and opsonised zymosan (OZ). RESULTS: As attested by the Krüskall-Wallis test, M. alternifolia EO at 0.1% directly stimulated ROS production by PMNs (x 8.7 vs. 0% EO, p < 0.05) and increased the intracellular ROS produced by monocytes. Whichever the stimulating agent used (PMA, fMLP or OZ), M. alternifolia EO decreased the intracellular ROS production at the dilution of 0.1% by PMNs and monocytes, more so with PMNs. CONCLUSION: M. alternifolia EO may be both a direct active mediator of the bactericidal action of the circulating leukocytes and may be efficient in protecting the organism from an excess of ROS, through an anti-oxidant and radical scavenging activity.     

毛节缬草的粉末鉴别

目的:研究黑龙江省毛节缬草Valeriana alternifolia Bunge var.stolonifera Bar.et Skv.的粉末鉴别特征.方法:性状鉴别、显微鉴别.结论:毛节缬草根、根茎、茎和叶的粉末均有明显的鉴别特征,可作为鉴别毛节缬草的依据.     

Sampling field distributions of Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora, Lobata): planktonic or benthic methods?

SCUBA observations confirm dense aggregations of the ctenophoreMnemiopsis leidyi in surface and bottom layers of waters offsouthern Argentina. These observations are consistent with resultsfrom prior studies indicating directed vertical migration ofM. leidyi.     

Anthocyanins in Cornus alternifolia, Cornus controversa, Cornus kousa and Cornus florida fruits with health benefits

The anthocyanins in native Cornus alternifolia, Cornus controversa, Cornus kousa and Cornus florida were quantified by HPLC and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The analyses of C. alternifolia and C. controversa revealed that both contained , and , respectively. Similarly, C. florida and C. kousa showed identical anthocyanin profiles with major anthocyanins as and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (6), respectively. The amount of anthocyanins , and in C. alternifolia and C. controversa were 8.21, 8.44 and 0.02 mg; and 7.74, 5.92, and 0.02 mg/g of fresh fruits, respectively. The anthocyanins and in C. kousa and C. florida were 0.02 and 0.16 mg; and 0.62 and 0.03 mg/g fresh fruits, respectively. Anthocyanins and were not studied earlier for their inhibition of lipid peroxidation, cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), and tumor cell proliferation. At 50 microg/mL, anthocyanins and inhibited lipid peroxidation by 71% and 68%, respectively. Similarly, they inhibited COX-1 enzymes by 39% and 49% and COX-2 enzyme by 54% and 48%, respectively, at 100 microg/mL. Anthocyanin displayed 50% growth inhibition (IC(50)) at 21, 25, 50, 60, and 75 microg/mL, against HCT-116 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), NCI-H460 (lung), SF-268 (central nervous system CNS), and AGS (stomach) human tumor cell lines, respectively. Similarly, IC(50) values for anthocyanin were 38, 30, 76, 100, and 100 microg/mL against HCT-116, MCF-7, NCI H460, SF-268, and AGS, respectively. This is the first report of the quantification and biological activities of anthocyanins in C. alternifolia, C. kousa and C. florida in addition to the anthocyanins not previously quantified in C. controversa.     

Microsatellite variation and assessment of genetic structure in tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia– Myrtaceae)

Analysis of five microsatellite loci in 500 Melaleuca alternifolia individuals produced 98 alleles that were useful for population genetic studies. Considerable levels of observed heterozygosity were recorded (HO = 0.724), with approximately 90% of the variability being detected within populations. A low level of selfing (14%) was suggested to be the principal cause of excess homozygosity in a number of populations (overall FIS = 0.073). This study showed low levels of inbreeding in certain populations as well as a significant isolation-by-distance model. Only two groups of populations (Queensland and New South Wales) constituted different genetic provenances as a result of geographical isolation. The M. alternifolia data suggest that microsatellite loci did not always arise by a stepwise mutation process but that larger jumps in allele size may be involved in their evolution.