白念珠菌SPE1基因高表达菌株构建及鉴定

目的构建白念珠菌SPEl基因高表达菌株。方法将白念珠菌．SPEl基因的ORF置于高表达质粒载体pCaE—xP的MErF3启动子后面,构建pCaEXP—SPEJ的高表达质粒,然后采用醋酸锂转染法将高表达质粒转染白念珠菌RMl000中,在SD—ura’met—cys-选择性固体培养基上筛选阳性克隆,抽取基因组进行PCR验证,将验证为阳性转染子的菌落采用RealTimeRT．PCR方法进行SPE1基因转录水平的表达验证。结果通过酶切鉴定pCaEXP—SPEl高表达质粒构建正确;通过PCR验证表明SPEl基因整合到亲本菌中的RPl0位点;通过RealTimeRT—PCR方法筛选出sPEJ基因在转录水平高表达的菌株。结论利用高表达质粒载体pCaEXP通过基因同源重组等方法正确构建SPEl基因高表达的白念珠菌。     

白念珠菌ORF19.6012-MYC融合菌株的构建及鉴定

目的构建白念珠菌ORF19.6012-MYC融合菌株。方法利用In-Fusion试剂盒构建插入片段,采用醋酸锂转染法将片段同源重组至SN152基因组DNA中,采用PCR以及Western blotting方法进行验证,对验证为阳性的菌株进行生长曲线的测定及菌丝诱导实验。结果经验证,成功构建ORF19.6012-MYC融合菌株,且ORF19.6012-MYC融合菌的生长增殖能力、液体菌丝形成能力与亲本菌一致。结论采用同源重组的方法成功构建稳定表达的ORF19.6012-MYC融合菌株。     

博尔纳病病毒pEGFP-p24基因重组质粒的构建及鉴定

构建博尔纳病病毒pEGFP-p24基因重组表达质粒。通过PCR方法扩增获得博尔纳病痛毒p24基因的完整序列,将此片段定向克隆到pEGFP-N1载体多克隆位点区,筛选重组阳性菌株,提取重组质粒,利用PCR方法和核酸序列测定验证重组质粒构建的正确性。PCR及核酸序列测定证明博尔纳病病毒pEGFP-p24基因重组表达质粒构建成功。构建的重组质粒将为研究博尔纳病病毒p24基因在真核细胞中的功能和作用提供实验依据。     

鼠伤寒沙门菌spvBC基因编辑株的构建

利用λRed重组系统和pBAD原核表达载体构建鼠伤寒沙门菌spvBC质粒毒力基因修饰菌株,为深入探究沙门菌毒力基因spv的功能和致病机制及宿主抗感染免疫提供工具菌。以pKD4为模板,PCR扩增含spvBC同源臂的卡那霉素抗性基因以构建同源打靶片段,再将其电转入含有质粒pKD46的鼠伤寒沙门菌中进行同源重组,随后将质粒pCP20电转导入阳性转化子,消除卡那霉素抗性基因,PCR鉴定敲除株的构建。PCR扩增含酶切位点的spvBC基因片段,扩增产物与原核表达载体pBAD/gⅢ分别双酶切后连接构建pBAD-spvBC重组质粒,PCR筛选阳性菌落并测序鉴定。将构建成功的pBAD-spvBC重组质粒电转导入spvBC敲除株中,Western blot测定不同浓度L-阿拉伯糖诱导SpvB和SpvC蛋白表达情况。PCR结果表明鼠伤寒沙门菌spvBC基因敲除成功;PCR及测序结果表明pBAD-spvBC重组质粒构建成功,Western blot结果表明13 mmol/L L-阿拉伯糖可诱导SpvB和SpvC蛋白正常表达。λRed重组系统可用于沙门菌质粒上大片段基因的敲除,pBAD原核表达载体可用于沙门菌质粒上大片段基因的回补,丰富了细菌质粒的基因修饰和编辑策略。     

依纽小单孢菌接合转移体系的构建

以依纽小单孢菌HP变种基因组DNA为模板,扩增位于西索米星3′,4′-双脱羟基酶基因sisI上下游序列的两端同源交换臂,在两臂之间添加抗性筛选标记ermE基因,并在该基因上游加入组成型强启动子ermE*,以强化筛选标记.将该外源DNA序列插入到质粒pKC1139,构建重组质粒pFD57.转化大肠杆菌ET12567后,经接合转移导入依纽小单孢菌中,经抗性筛选得到两株阳性菌株,命名为HP-I-1和HP-I-2.经PCR验证和测序,结果表明,重组质粒已整合到染色体DNA上.依纽小单孢菌接合转移体系的构建达到了预期目的,并实现了对该体系的优化.     

白念珠菌FLO8基因突变株构建及鉴定

目的构建白念珠菌FLO8基因突变株。方法将白念珠菌FLO8基因插入pCP20质粒载体ADH1启动子之后,通过定向诱变获得FLO8基因R209T、A311T、654Ter、G723R、T751D突变质粒载体,再通过同源重组技术将带有FLO8突变的基因片段整合至SN152flo8/flo8菌株的ADE2位点。结果通过测序鉴定FLO8基因突变质粒载体构建成功;通过PCR验证表明突变FLO8基因整合到SN152flo8/flo8菌株的ADE2位点。结论以pCP20质粒为载体,通过定向诱变、同源重组等技术,可以高效构建白念珠菌FLO8基因突变株。     

利用λRed重组系统敲除伤寒沙门氏菌rfaH基因

目的：利用λRed重组系统敲除伤寒沙门氏菌的rfaH基因。方法：以伤寒沙门氏菌（Salmonella typhi Ty2,S.ty2）基因组为模板扩增得到的同源臂,与两端带有FRT位点的卡那霉素抗性基因片段共同构建同源重组载体;以重组载体为模板扩增打靶片段,将其转化S.ty2;在抗生素压力和λRed重组系统帮助下,打靶片段和菌体基因组发生同源重组,通过卡那抗性筛选得到带有抗性标记的重组菌;转入重组酶表达质粒pCP20以去除抗性标记,得到保留单一FRT位点的突变菌株;通过PCR鉴定重组菌,并经透射电子显微镜分析表型。结果：在S.ty2中敲除了rfaH基因,经PCR扩增和序列测定正确;初步的表型分析表明突变体的鞭毛合成显著减少。结论：获得了S.ty2突变株,为将沙门氏菌进一步减毒成为疫苗表达载体奠定了基础。     

单菌落PCR法直接快速鉴定重组克隆

利用单菌落PCR法直接筛选含有GFP、LTB-ST外源基因的重组克隆,阳性克隆可以扩增出目的条带,和质粒PCR扩增的结果一致。同时,单菌落PCR法也可应用于重组质粒转化后的农杆菌的筛选,单菌落PCR法的扩增结果和农杆菌液扩增的结果一致。结果表明,单菌落PCR法是一个有效简便的鉴定重组阳性克隆的方法。     

白念珠菌SIM1基因敲除与功能研究

目的构建白念珠菌SIM1基因缺失菌,初步考察SIM1基因的功能。方法采用同源重组的方法构建SIM1基因双臂缺失菌,通过测定生长曲线、菌丝诱导、黏附上皮细胞等实验考察SIM1基因缺失菌表型。结果成功构建SIM1基因缺失菌,SIM1基因缺失后没有显著影响白念珠菌生长繁殖、菌丝及被膜形成,但白念珠菌对Caco-2细胞和KB细胞的黏附能力显著下降,对部分药物的敏感性增加。结论白念珠菌SIM1基因缺失导致细胞壁成分改变,并影响白念珠菌对宿主的黏附。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。