河北省石家庄市第一医院

目的:检测日间和夜间Lewis肺癌小鼠血清中内血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平和肺癌组织中VEGF蛋白表达的差别,探讨肿瘤血管生成的昼夜节律。方法:选择C57BL小鼠30只,制备Lewis肺癌小鼠模型后随机分为日间组(D组)和夜间组(N组),在光照-黑暗条件下饲养建立统一同步化日夜节律。随着成瘤过程,应用ElISA方法测定两组小鼠模型第0、3、5、7天血清中VEGF浓度水平;成瘤后第9天处死小鼠,应用Westeon-blot法检测瘤体中VEGF蛋白的表达,并分别进行相关分析。结果:随着成瘤过程,D组小鼠血清中VEGF浓度均显著高于N组(P<0.05);D组小鼠瘤体组织中VEGF蛋白表达灰度值(8.87±1.20)均明显高于N组(6.43±1.35),有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Lewis小鼠休息期(白天)血清中VEGF浓度及瘤体中VEGF蛋白表达水平均明显高于活动期(夜间),存在着明显的日夜差异,说明肺癌组织的血管生成可能具有一定日夜节律。     

MTHF对C57BL/6鼠Lewis肺癌细胞生长的影响

通过观察MTHF纯体对C57BL/6鼠移植瘤细胞生长的影响,初步探讨MTHF抗肿瘤作用的机理。将42只接种Lewis肺癌LL2细胞的C57BL/6鼠随机分成对照组、MTHF组和顺铂组。分别处理后观察各组肿瘤生长情况,于接种22 d后处死荷瘤鼠,收集肿瘤标本后测量瘤体质量,并进行电镜以及组织学分析,通过免疫组化检测肿瘤组织PCNA、Bcl-2及Bax的表达。结果表明MTHF组、顺铂组抑瘤率分别为46.2%、54.5%。电镜显示MTHF组出现细胞凋亡。MTHF处理Lewis肺癌细胞后,PCNA和Bcl-2基因下调,Bax基因上调。MTHF可显著抑制C57BL/6鼠移植瘤肺癌细胞的生长,其机制可能与诱导Lewis肺癌细胞凋亡并抑制其增殖有关,是一种有前景的抗肿瘤药物。     

IRM-2小鼠移植性肿瘤模型的生物学特性

目的观察IRM-2小鼠和C57BL/6小鼠接种Lewis肺癌生物学特性的对比研究。方法取肿瘤组织研磨,用生理盐水稀释成2×10^6/mL,取细胞悬液接种于IRM-2小鼠和C57BL/6小鼠腋下,0.2 mL/只。观察两品系肿瘤生长、荷瘤鼠生存时间,外周血细胞及病理指标变化。结果两品系小鼠成瘤率均是100%,荷瘤鼠存活时间无明显差异,IRM-2小鼠荷瘤鼠体重净增长明显高于C57BL/6荷瘤小鼠（P〈0.05）。白细胞分类及病理指标变化无明显差别。结论IRM-2小鼠与C57BL/6小鼠Lewis肺癌模型生物学特性基本一致,IRM-2小鼠可以建立稳定的Lewis肺癌肿瘤模型应用于实验研究。     

艾氏腹水癌克隆细胞株E2G8建立小鼠动物模型生物学特性研究

目的　比较不同品种 (系 )小鼠接种E2G8细胞株的某些生物学特性。方法　将E2G8细胞稀释成不同浓度 ,接种KM、DBA 2、6 15、C57BL 6及BALB c小鼠皮下或腹腔 ,观察小鼠出现可见肿块 腹水时间及小鼠生存时间 ;测量肿块直径 (cm)及瘤重 ;荷瘤小鼠腹腔注射环磷酰胺 (CTX) ,观察E2G8细胞肿瘤模型对CTX治疗的敏感性。结果　E2G8接种BALB c、6 15小鼠皮下毒性最大 ,DBA 2、C57BL 6小鼠次之 ,接种KM小鼠皮下毒性最小 ;接种DBA 2、C57BL 6、6 15小鼠腹腔毒性较大 ,致死性高 ,对BALB c和KM小鼠的致死性弱 ;E2G8瘤细胞在KM和 4种纯系小鼠皮下均能很好生长肿瘤 ,其中在KM小鼠皮下肿瘤生长最大 ,在BALB c小鼠皮下肿瘤最小 ;KM、C57BL 6、6 15、DBA 2、BALB c小鼠皮下接种瘤细胞第 12天瘤重分别为 (2 4 0± 1 30 ) ,(0 90± 0 4 8) ,(1 2 0± 0 38) ,(1 10± 0 2 9) ,(0 80± 0 30 )g ;E2G8细胞接种 5个不同品种 (系 )小鼠制备的肿瘤模型 ,用CTX治疗 ,抑瘤率由高到低依次为6 6 7% (6 15 ) ,5 5 0 % (BALB c) ,5 3 3% (C57BL 6 ) ,5 0 % (KM) ,36 4 (DBA 2 ) ,其中 6 15小鼠建立的模型对CTX的治疗最敏感。结论　E2G8细胞株接种 5个不同品种 (系 )小鼠 ,所测生物学特性不完全相同 ,但是从腹腔 皮下接种、CTX     

四君子丸对Lewis肺癌小鼠肿瘤组织Bax和Bcl2表达的影响

本实验通过观察四君子丸对Lewis肺癌小鼠肿瘤组织生长抑制作用及凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Bcl2表达的影响,探讨培土生金法中药复方干预肺癌的作用机制。首先在小鼠右侧腋窝皮下,接种浓度为1×107个/m L的小鼠肺癌Lewis细胞悬液0.1 m L,建立肺癌小鼠模型,成瘤后,将小鼠分为3组:Lewis肺癌组、中药治疗组、顺铂组。中药治疗组每天采用四君子丸0.0936 g/10 g,灌胃一次,连续14 d;顺铂组每周一次腹腔注射顺铂0.05mg/10 g,持续2次。然后取材,采用TUNEL荧光染色法观察各组肿瘤组织细胞凋亡的变化,采用免疫组化和免疫印迹测定肿瘤组织Bax和Bcl2蛋白表达的变化。TUNEL法荧光染色显示:和Lewis肺癌组比较,中药治疗组、顺铂组细胞凋亡指数显著增加(P0.01);免疫组化和免疫印迹结果显示:和Lewis肺癌组比较,中药治疗组和顺铂组Bax的蛋白表达水平显著升高,Bcl-2的蛋白表达水平显著降低(P0.01)。实验表明四君子丸能够干预Lewis肺癌小鼠模型肿瘤组织中Bax和Bcl2的表达,从而促进肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

Bcr3/abl2和VEGF基因反义寡核苷酸联用增强对K562细胞的生长抑制作用

目的:研究BCRABL和VEGF反义寡核苷酸联用对K562细胞株的作用及其相互作用的影响。方法:设计针对bcr3/abl2和VEGF的反义寡核苷酸(ASODNs),应用脂质体Oligofectamine作为转染载体。在转染后72h进行台盼蓝染色细胞计数;建立裸鼠K562移植瘤动物模型,瘤内注射ASODNs,观察肿瘤体积生长变化,组织学检测肿瘤血管密度和肿瘤细胞凋亡情况。结果:转染后72h,各实验组与空白组相比,细胞增殖抑制率分别为13.47%(ASOB3/A2组),12.79%(ASOVEGF组)和41.55%(半量联合治疗组)。经过4次治疗后,与对照组相比,肿瘤生长抑制率分别为23.18%(ASOB3/A2组),17.28%(ASOVEGF组)和57.83%(半量联合治疗组)。联合治疗组肿瘤生长速率显著低于单一治疗组,伴随明显的肿瘤细胞凋亡增加和肿瘤血管密度减少。结论:双基因反义寡核苷酸联合应用协同抑制K562细胞增殖,抗肿瘤作用明显优于单一治疗组,可为CML基因治疗提供一项新策略。     

不同剂量的塞来昔布对C57BL/6小鼠移植瘤微淋巴管密度抑制作用的研究(英文)

目的:观察不同剂量的塞来昔布对C57BL/6小鼠肺癌移植瘤生长、COX-2表达和微淋巴管密度影响,探讨塞来昔布对C57BL/6小鼠肺癌移植瘤淋巴管生成可能作用机制及量效关系。方法:将Lewis肺癌细胞株接种于C57BL/6小鼠左侧腹股沟皮下建立移植瘤模型,随机分为4组:对照组、塞来昔布低剂量、中剂量、高剂量组。观察荷瘤小鼠生存状态,瘤体积变化,种瘤42天后牺牲小鼠,western blot半定量检测COX-2表达及微淋巴管密度。结果:Western blot半定量显示:塞来昔布高、中剂量组COX-2的表达水平及免疫组织化学染色微淋巴管密度计数均明显减低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),低剂量组略有减低但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。抑制程度呈明显的剂量依赖性。结论:塞来昔布抑制Lewis肺癌移植瘤的生长及淋巴转移,可能与下调COX-2的表达,阻遏了淋巴管生成的信号通路,抑制微淋巴管生成有关,该抑制作用呈一定的剂量相关性。     

IL-4抑制Lewis肺癌生长和转移的实验研究

探讨 IL -4对 Lewis肺癌生长和转移的抑制作用。将 Lewis肺癌细胞接种于 C57BL /6小鼠皮下。将 2 0只小鼠随机分为两组 ,接种后第 5天起分别给予生理盐水或 IL-4。第 1 8天处死动物 ,测两组肿瘤的平均体积 ,平均瘤重及肺转移灶。 、 组肿瘤的平均体积为 ( 2 .0 0 7± 0 .0 0 6) cm3 ,( 0 .4 0 4± 0 .0 1 0 ) cm3 ;平均瘤重为 ( 2 .83 3± 0 .0 74 ) g、( 0 .586± 0 .0 4 0 ) g,肺转移灶为 ( 5.50 0± 0 .92 6) ,( 3 .3 75± 1 .0 61 )。 组与 I组比差异有显著性 ( P<0 .0 5) ;平均潜伏期为 :8.3 0± 0 .4 9;1 0 .56± 0 .3 6。 IL-4能抑制 Lewis肺癌生长和转移。     

Celecoxib抑制Lewis肺癌移植瘤淋巴管生成的作用机制及量效关系

目的:COX-2过度表达及淋巴管的生成与肺癌早期转移、不良预后密切相关。观察不同剂量COX-2特异性抑制剂Celecoxib对Lewis肺癌移植瘤生长、COX-2、VEGF-C表达和微淋巴管生成影响,探讨Celecoxib对Lewis肺癌移植瘤淋巴管生成可能作用机制及量效关系。方法:将Lewis肺癌细胞株接种于C57BL/6小鼠左侧腹股沟皮下建立移植瘤模型,随机分为4组:对照组、塞来昔布低剂量(30 mg·kg-1·d-1)、中剂量(90 mg·kg-1·d-1)、高剂量(180 mg·kg-1·d-1)组。观察荷瘤小鼠生存状态,瘤体积变化,计算抑瘤率,种瘤42天后牺牲小鼠,切取移植瘤组织,免疫组化染色检测COX-2、VEGF-C表达及微淋巴管密度(Lymphatic microvessel density,LMVD)。结果:塞来昔布低、中、高剂量组的抑瘤率分别为13.3%、46.8%和56.3%。塞来昔布高、中剂量组较对照组抑瘤作用明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但低剂量组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。免疫组织化学染色结果分析显示:塞来昔布高、中剂量组COX-2、VEGF-C的表达水平及微淋巴管密度均明显减低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),低剂量组略有减低但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。抑制程度呈明显的剂量依赖性。结论:塞来昔布抑制Lewis肺癌移植瘤的生长及淋巴转移,可能与下调COX-2的表达,减少VEGF-C的产生,抑制微淋巴管生成有关,该抑制作用呈一定的剂量相关性,为抗肺癌早期淋巴转移,改善患者预后的药物研发提供了一定的实验基础。     

小鼠Lewis肺癌原位模型的建立

目的利用Matrigel与Lewis制备细胞混悬液注射于小鼠左肺内,建立小鼠Lewis肺癌原位模型,评价其肿瘤生长情况、转移情况,以期建立更稳定、更接近于人肺癌生长情况的小鼠肺癌原位模型。方法将处于对数生长期的Lewis肺癌细胞混悬于Matrigel中,接种于C57BL/6近交系小鼠左肺内。分别于第4、7、10、13、16天各处死5只小鼠,观察其局部成瘤率、肿瘤生长情况、中位生存期及肿瘤转移情况,并对各阶段小鼠行肺部,肝脏,肾脏,脾脏病理切片检查。结果术后第7天解剖的5只小鼠中,3只小鼠肺上可见小的瘤结节形成,其余2只肺上未见肉眼成瘤,行病理HE染色检查在显微镜下可见2只小鼠肺脏有小的瘤结节形成。术后第10天以后处死的所有小鼠肺上均有肉眼成瘤,术后第13天,所有小鼠肺原位成瘤并伴有血性胸腔积液、胸腔内转移。术后第25天,有1只小鼠出现上述转移的同时还出现了心包膜转移及肾脏远处转移。5只小鼠生存期分别为17 d、20 d、22 d、22 d、25 d,小鼠中位生存期为21.2 d（17~25 d）。成瘤率100%。结论利用Matrigel法成功建立小鼠Lewis肺癌原位模型,稳定性好,成瘤率高,并具有远处转移的特性,更接近于人肺癌的发生、发展过程。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.