胃癌根治术后腹腔热灌注化疗对患者血清CEA、CA19-9水平及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨胃癌根治术后腹腔灌注化疗对患者血清CEA(血清癌胚抗原,carcinoembryonic antigen)、CA19-9(糖链抗原19-9,carbohydrate antigen19-9)水平及免疫功能的影响。方法:回顾性2015年2月至2017年4月我院收治的胃癌患者临床资料,依据接受治疗方案不同分为全身静脉化疗组(对照组)和全身静脉化疗联合腹腔热灌注化疗组(观察组),每组各41例。检测和比较两组患者化疗前(治疗前)与化疗1个月后(治疗后)血清肿瘤标志物CEA、CA19-9与免疫功能指标水平的变化,治疗后毒副作用发生情况及治疗前后生活质量的改善情况。结果:治疗前,两组间血清CEA、CA19-9、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4+/CD8~+水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后血清CEA、CA19-9及CD8~+水平显著低于对照组,CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐、腹痛腹泻及肠梗发生率比较差异均不显著无统计学意义(P=0.478,0.668,0.315,0.552);观察组生活质量改善总有效率为85.37%,显著高于对照组(70.73%,P=0.017)。结论:与单纯全身化疗相比,胃癌根治术后腹腔灌注化疗可更有效降低患者血清CEA、CA19-9水平,改善患者免疫功能,提高其生活质量,且安全性较高。     

中药联合化疗对ALL患者CD4、CD25细胞调节及sE-cad的影响

目的:研究中药联合化疗方案对急性淋巴细胞白血病(Acute lymphocytic leukemia,ALL)患者CD4+、CD25+细胞调节的影响、血清s E-cad的影响以及临床意义。方法:选取我院血液科收治的急性淋巴细胞白血病患者60例,随机分为两组,其中对照组30例给予常规化疗方案治疗,中药组30例在常规化疗方案的基础上加用中药辅助治疗。对比治疗前后患者血常规、CD4+、CD25+细胞及血清s E-cad的改变。结果:1治疗后两组患者CD4+、CD25+T细胞较治疗前均显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),与对照组相比,中药组CD4+、CD25+T细胞下降明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2治疗后两组患者血清s E-cad均改善,且中药组(55.58±10.47)较对照组(67.27±11.32)明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);3两组有效率比较重,中药组总有效率(86.67%)明显优于对照组(66.67%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中药联合化疗治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病CD4+、CD25+T细胞调节及血清s E-cad的改变明显,对临床具有指导意义。     

乌苯美司联合紫杉醇与顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及对患者免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨乌苯美司联合紫杉醇与顺铂(TP)方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及对患者免疫功能的影响。方法:选择2013年10月-2015年6月在我院接受治疗的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者60例,随机分为研究组和对照组。两组患者均给予全身化疗治疗,研究组在此基础上给予口服乌苯美司治疗。观察并比较两组患者的临床疗效、免疫功能变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:研究组患者治疗有效率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组肿瘤控制情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后外周血CD3~+,CD4~+,CD4~+/CD8~+及NK细胞升高,而CD8~+下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,研究组患者治疗后外周血CD3~+,CD4~+,CD4~+/CD8~+及NK细胞显著升高,而CD8~+显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者白细胞减少、恶心、呕吐及骨髓抑制等不良反应的发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:乌苯美司联合TP方案能够改善晚期非小细胞肺癌患者机体免疫功能,减少不良反应的发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

益气活血汤联合化疗灌注治疗中晚期膀胱癌的临床疗效

目的:探讨益气活血汤联合化疗灌注治疗中晚期膀胱癌的临床疗效及其对患者免疫功能及生活质量的影响。方法:选择2011年6月至2016年12月在我院进行手术治疗的中晚期膀胱癌患者86例,随机分为两组。对照组31例患者术后接受化疗灌注治疗,观察组55例患者在对照组基础上服用益气活血汤。比较两组患者治疗后的临床疗效、治疗前后CD4~+含量、CD4~+/CD8~+及NK细胞活性、生活质量评分的变化及治疗期间不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组的总缓解率显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者CD4~+含量及NK细胞活性均较治疗前显著升高(P0.05),CD8~+细胞含量均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且观察组患者的CD4~+数量、NK细胞活性、CD4~+/CD8~+比例均显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者的生活质量评分均较治疗前明显升高,且观察组的生活质量评分显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组胃肠不适、骨髓抑制的发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05),两组患者肝损伤、发热的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:益气活血汤辅助灌注化疗可显著提高中晚期膀胱癌术后患者的临床疗效,改善患者的免疫功能及生活质量,并降低化疗所致不良反应的发生率。     

贞芪扶正胶囊联合化疗对中晚期宫颈癌患者的疗效及免疫功能影响

目的:探讨贞芪扶正胶囊联合化疗对中晚期宫颈癌患者的疗效及免疫功能影响。方法:选取60例中晚期宫颈癌患者,按住院单双号分为两组,对照组(29例)采用TP方案化疗,共计2个疗程;观察组(31例)给予贞芪扶正胶囊联合TP方案化疗,共计2个疗程。通过观察并记录患者治疗后疗效,1年内局部复发率,远处转移率,治疗前后免疫功能变化及化疗期间不良反应情况。结果:2个疗程结束后观察组患者有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后1年内,观察组与对照组患者在肿瘤局部复发率和远处转移率上相比没有明显差异(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者CD4~+T细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+、NK细胞水平明显升高且高于同期对照组患者(P0.05),CD8~+T细胞水平治疗前后无明显变化;治疗后对照组患者CD4~+T细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+水平明显下降(P0.05),CD8~+T细胞、NK细胞水平治疗前后无明显变化;化疗期间两组患者在恶心呕吐、肝功能损伤发生率上相比,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05),白细胞减少、血细胞下降在观察组的发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:贞芪扶正胶囊联合化疗对中晚期宫颈癌患者具有较好的治疗效果,能提高患者免疫功能,减小不良反应,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

香菇多糖注射液对直肠癌根治术后患者纤维蛋白水平及免疫功能的影响

目的:研究香菇多糖注射液对直肠癌根治术后患者纤维蛋白水平及免疫功能的影响。方法:将2010年5月-2014年10月期间在我院接受直肠癌根治术的患者随机分为两组,观察组术后接受香菇多糖联合FOLFOX-4化疗,对照组术后接受FOLFOX-4化疗,观察两组患者化疗过程中的不良反应,测定化疗前后纤维蛋白水平及免疫功能指标。结果:观察组患者在化疗过程中消化道反应、肝功能损伤、骨髓抑制、周围神经毒性、口腔黏膜损伤、脱发的发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05);化疗后,对照组患者外周血中CD3~+CD4~+CD8~-细胞、CD3~+CD4~-CD8~+细胞、CD19~+细胞、CD3~-CD56~+细胞的含量以及血清Ig M、Ig A、Ig G、FIB的含量显著低于化疗前(P0.05),观察组患者外周血中CD3~+CD4~+CD8~-细胞、CD3~+CD4~-CD8~+细胞、CD19~+细胞、CD3~-CD56~+细胞的含量以及血清Ig M、Ig A、Ig G的含量与化疗前无显著性差异(P0.05),血清FIB含量显著低于化疗前(P0.05);观察组患者化疗后外周血中CD3~+CD4~+CD8~-细胞、CD3~+CD4~-CD8~+细胞、CD19~+细胞、CD3~-CD56~+细胞的含量以及血清Ig M、Ig A、Ig G、FIB的含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),血清FIB含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:香菇多糖注射液辅助治疗能够减轻直肠癌根治术后FOLFOX-4化疗的毒副作用、改善免疫功能。     

华蟾素胶囊对多发性骨髓瘤化疗患者的效果及对细胞免疫和肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨华蟾素胶囊对多发性骨髓瘤(MM)化疗患者的临床疗效和对其细胞免疫、肠道细菌的影响。方法选取95例本院收治的MM化疗患者,通过随机分组分为观察组50例和对照组45例。对照组患者常规化疗方案,观察组在其基础上给予华蟾素胶囊治疗,两组治疗时间均持续3个疗程。对比治疗后MM化疗患者临床疗效、治疗前后细胞免疫指标水平差异和肠道细菌分布情况。结果两组疗效等级分布差异显著(P0.05),观察组总有效率高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前,两组各个细胞免疫指标水平均相近(均P0.05),治疗后观察组CD4~+/CD8~+T、DC1/DC2、CD8~+CD25~+/CD3~+T、Th1/Th2、CD4~+CD25~+/CD3~+T水平相近(P0.05),对照组各个细胞免疫指标均显著下降(均P0.05),且显著低于观察组(P0.05)。治疗前,两组Chao1指数、Shannon指数均相近(均P0.05),治疗后,观察组这两个指数均升高(P0.05),对照组均降低(P0.05)。观察组属水平相对丰度在治疗后显著升高且高于对照组(P0.05)。结论华蟾素胶囊联合化疗可以提高MM患者细胞免疫功能,改善肠道细菌平衡,具有较好的临床疗效。     

重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液联合洛铂对恶性胸腔积液患者生活质量及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液联合洛铂对恶性胸腔积液患者生活质量及免疫功能的影响。方法:选择2015年3月至2017年3月期间我院收治的恶性胸腔积液患者56例为研究对象,按照不同的治疗方式分为研究组(n=28)和对照组(n=28)。对照组给予洛铂治疗,研究组给予重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液联合洛铂治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后生活质量变化、免疫功能变化、临床疗效和不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组患者生活质量改善率高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前,两组免疫功能指标含量经统计分析差异无统计学意义(P0.05),与治疗前比较,两组治疗后4周CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、NK含量均升高,CD8+含量降低,且研究组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、NK含量较对照组升高,CD8~+含量较对照组降低(P0.05)。研究组总有效率为78.57%,与对照组的46.43%比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者心脏反应、呕吐、恶心、血小板减少、白细胞减少、贫血、乏力发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液联合洛铂治疗恶性胸腔积液具有较好的疗效,其可以改善患者生活质量,提高免疫功能,且不会增加患者不良反应,值得临床推广。     

奥沙利铂联合常规化疗治疗晚期结肠癌的临床观察

目的:研究奥沙利铂(L-OHP)联合化疗治疗晚期结肠癌的疗效.方法:选取60例晚期结肠癌患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30例,对照组给予常规化疗治疗,治疗组给予L-OHP联合化疗治疗,观察比较两组的疗效和不良反应.结果:治疗组治疗总有效率(53.3％)显著高于对照组(36.7％)(P＜0.05);治疗组中初治患者治疗有效率(63.2％)显著高于复治患者(36.3％)(P＜0.05),也显著高于对照组中的初诊患者治疗有效率(38.9％)(P＜0.05).对照组中初治患者治疗有效率(38.9％)和复治患者(30.0％)相当(P＞0.05),复治患者的治疗有效率与对照组复治患者相当(P＞0.05).治疗组白细胞减少和神经毒性的发生率要高于对照组(P＜0.05),而治疗组出现口腔炎的比例低于对照组(P＜0.05),恶心呕吐、腹泻、血小板减少、手足综合征和肾毒性的发生率均相当(P＞0.05).结论:L-OHP联合化疗治疗晚期结肠癌初治患者具有较好的近期疗效和安全性,但其远期疗效和预后尚需进一步研究观察.     

长春瑞滨联合卡铂化疗治疗晚期肺癌的临床观察

目的:探讨长春瑞滨联合卡铂化疗对晚期肺癌的治疗效果和安全性。方法:选取我院肿瘤科收治的晚期肺癌患者60例,根据不同治疗方案分为实验组与对照组,每组各30例患者。比较两组患者治疗前后的CEA、CA50、CYFRA21-1水平、白细胞计数及T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+、CD8+水平的变化。结果:治疗前,两组患者的CEA、CA50、CYFRA21-1水平、白细胞计数及T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+、CD8+水平比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。治疗后,实验组的CEA、CA50、CYFRA21-1、CD8+水平均明显低于对照组,而白细胞计数及T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平均显著高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与放疗相比,长春瑞滨联合卡铂化疗能显著提高晚期肺癌的疗效,且不降低患者的细胞免疫。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.