贞芪扶正胶囊联合化疗对中晚期宫颈癌患者的疗效及免疫功能影响

目的:探讨贞芪扶正胶囊联合化疗对中晚期宫颈癌患者的疗效及免疫功能影响。方法:选取60例中晚期宫颈癌患者,按住院单双号分为两组,对照组(29例)采用TP方案化疗,共计2个疗程;观察组(31例)给予贞芪扶正胶囊联合TP方案化疗,共计2个疗程。通过观察并记录患者治疗后疗效,1年内局部复发率,远处转移率,治疗前后免疫功能变化及化疗期间不良反应情况。结果:2个疗程结束后观察组患者有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后1年内,观察组与对照组患者在肿瘤局部复发率和远处转移率上相比没有明显差异(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者CD4~+T细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+、NK细胞水平明显升高且高于同期对照组患者(P0.05),CD8~+T细胞水平治疗前后无明显变化;治疗后对照组患者CD4~+T细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+水平明显下降(P0.05),CD8~+T细胞、NK细胞水平治疗前后无明显变化;化疗期间两组患者在恶心呕吐、肝功能损伤发生率上相比,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05),白细胞减少、血细胞下降在观察组的发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:贞芪扶正胶囊联合化疗对中晚期宫颈癌患者具有较好的治疗效果,能提高患者免疫功能,减小不良反应,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

微生态制剂在早期结直肠癌根治术后的作用

目的探讨微生态制剂在早期结直肠癌(CRC)根治术后的作用,并为此类患者提供一种术后康复支持疗法。方法选取2017年6月-2019年6月于本院接受早期CRC根治术术后97例患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表分为观察组50例和对照组47例。两组术后均接受常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上接受双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊治疗,比较两组治疗前后细胞免疫指标、肠道微生态复杂度及属水平相对丰度、肠道菌群OTU数量、肠道黏膜屏障功能。结果治疗后观察组NK细胞、CD3~+T、CD4~+T、CD4~+/CD8~+T均提高(P0.05),观察组CD8~+T治疗前后相近(P0.05);治疗后对照组上述指标与治疗前差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组NK细胞、CD3~+T、CD4~+T、CD4~+/CD8~+T均高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后观察组Chao1指数、Shannon指数、肠道菌群OTU数均升高(P0.05),对照组Chao1指数、Shannon指数、肠道菌群OTU数量治疗前后差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组Chao1指数、Shannon指数、肠道菌群OTU数量均高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后观察组大肠杆菌、肠球菌、葡萄球菌属水平相对丰度均下降(P0.05),对照组均升高(P0.05),且观察组均低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后观察组乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、梭菌、类杆菌、链球菌属水平相对丰度均升高(P0.05),对照组均下降(P0.05),且观察组均高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后观察组血浆D-乳酸、DAO、I-FABP、内毒素水平分别为(6.94±1.23)mg/L、(3.45±0.65)U/L、(43.95±7.99)μg/L、(4.48±0.85)U/L,均较治疗前下降(P0.05),对照组各项指标水平分别为(15.59±2.79)mg/L、(7.74±1.35)U/L、(74.21±13.82)μg/L、(8.68±1.65)U/L,均较治疗前升高(P0.05),治疗后观察组血浆D-乳酸、DAO、I-FABP、内毒素水平均降低(P0.05)。结论微生态制剂可有效改善早期CRC患者根治术后的细胞免疫水平,有效纠正早期CRC术后患者肠道菌群失调,增强早期CRC根治术后患者肠黏膜屏障功能。     

益气活血汤联合化疗灌注治疗中晚期膀胱癌的临床疗效

目的:探讨益气活血汤联合化疗灌注治疗中晚期膀胱癌的临床疗效及其对患者免疫功能及生活质量的影响。方法:选择2011年6月至2016年12月在我院进行手术治疗的中晚期膀胱癌患者86例,随机分为两组。对照组31例患者术后接受化疗灌注治疗,观察组55例患者在对照组基础上服用益气活血汤。比较两组患者治疗后的临床疗效、治疗前后CD4~+含量、CD4~+/CD8~+及NK细胞活性、生活质量评分的变化及治疗期间不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组的总缓解率显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者CD4~+含量及NK细胞活性均较治疗前显著升高(P0.05),CD8~+细胞含量均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且观察组患者的CD4~+数量、NK细胞活性、CD4~+/CD8~+比例均显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者的生活质量评分均较治疗前明显升高,且观察组的生活质量评分显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组胃肠不适、骨髓抑制的发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05),两组患者肝损伤、发热的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:益气活血汤辅助灌注化疗可显著提高中晚期膀胱癌术后患者的临床疗效,改善患者的免疫功能及生活质量,并降低化疗所致不良反应的发生率。     

乌司他丁治疗支气管哮喘的临床疗效及血清IL-2, IL-4及T细胞亚群的变化分析

目的:探讨乌司他丁治疗支气管哮喘的临床研究及血清白介素(IL)-2、IL-4、T细胞亚群的变化。方法:选择2014年1月至2016年10月我院接诊的98例支气管哮喘患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组(n=49)和对照组(n=49)。对照组使用常规治疗,包括抗炎、改善通气、纠正酸碱平衡紊乱、雾化吸入糖皮质激素及β2受体激动剂、补充电解质等,观察组联合乌司他丁治疗,均连续治疗7 d。比较两组临床疗效、临床症状消退时间,并于治疗前后采集3 mL空腹静脉血,使用流式细胞仪检测血清IL-2、IL-4、T细胞亚群的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组临床疗效总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组呼吸困难、哮鸣音、胸闷、咳嗽症状消退时间明显比对照组短(P0.05);治疗前,两组血清IL-2、IL-4比较差异不明显(P0.05),和治疗前比较,两组治疗后血清IL-2、IL-4均得到显著改善(P0.05),观察组血清IL-2明显高于对照组,血清IL-4明显比对照组低(P0.05);T细胞亚群中,两组治疗前CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+比较无显著差异(P0.05),治疗后,两组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平较治疗前均显著改善(P0.05),观察组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均比明显对照组高,CD8~+明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:在支气管哮喘患者中应用乌司他丁效果显著,可有效缓解临床症状,改善血清IL-2、IL-4及T细胞亚群的表达,调节机体免疫功能,临床应用价值高。     

甲氨蝶呤治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病的疗效及对患者BAFF、APRIL的影响

目的:探讨甲氨蝶呤治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病的疗效及对患者B淋巴细胞刺激因子(BAFF)、增殖诱导配体(APRIL)的影响。方法:选择2016年8月至2018年9月我院收治的急性淋巴细胞白血病患者50例进行研究,以随机数表法分为观察组(n=26)和对照组(n=24)。对照组给予化疗治疗,观察组采用甲氨蝶呤治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效、BAFF、APRIL、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平变化情况及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率84.62%显著高于对照58.33%,差异显著(P0.05);治疗前,两组BAFF、APRIL水平无显著差异(P0.05);治疗后,两组BAFF、APRIL水平均显著下降,且观察组低于对照组(P0.05);治疗前,两组T淋巴细胞亚群水平无显著差异(P0.05);治疗后,两组T淋巴细胞亚群水平均显著改善,且观察组CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+高于对照组,CD8~+低于对照组(P0.05);两组患者不良反应发生情况均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在急性淋巴细胞白血病患者中应用甲氨蝶呤效果显著,可有效改善患者BAFF、APRIL水平。     

非小细胞肺癌患者化疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者细胞化疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及其意义.方法:采用流式细胞术检测NSCLC患者及健康对照者外周血中CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+及NK细胞的比例.结果:与对照组比较,NSCLC患者化疗前及化疗后CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞含量均显著降低(P＜0.01);化疗后CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、NK细胞比例与化疗前比较均显著升高(P＜0.05);化疗前后CD8+细胞比例无显著变化(P＞0.05).治疗后疾病控制组(DCR)患者的CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+及NK细胞均显著高于治疗后进展(PD)组患者组(P＜0.05);CD8+细胞的比例无显著性变化(P＞0.05).结论:NSCLC患者细胞免疫功能低下,通过流式细胞术检测患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞的变化对评估患者的细胞免疫功能及肿瘤化疗疗效具有重要的临床意义.     

早期肠内营养对重症脑出血患者免疫功能和预后的影响

目的:研究早期肠内营养(EEN)对重症脑出血患者免疫功能和预后的影响。方法:选取2013年1月至2015年3月间我院收治的重症脑出血患者161例,依据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=77)和观察组(n=84),观察组患者入院12h~24h内予以肠内营养乳剂支持,对照组患者予普通鼻饲流食。所有患者于治疗前及治疗后采用GCS评估患者意识情况,检测血Alb、TP、PA、IgG、IgM、IgA、CD4~+T细胞、CD8~+T细胞及CD4~+/CD8~+水平,并观察治疗后患者并发症的发生率。结果:治疗后观察组Alb、TP、PA水平均显著高于对照组(均P0.05);治疗后观察组IgG、IgM、IgA、CD4~+T细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+水平均显著高于同期对照组,CD8~+T细胞显著低于同期对照组(均P0.05);治疗后观察组GCS评分显著高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者肺部感染率,消化道症状发生率略低于对照组,但差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:重症脑出血患者予以EEN治疗可明显改善其营养状况,有助于神经系统功能和免疫功能的恢复,改善预后,值得临床推广应用。     

鸦胆子油乳、艾迪注射液对非小细胞肺癌化疗效果的影响

目的:分析鸦胆子油乳、艾迪注射液配合GP化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效及对免疫功能的影响。方法:以2010年1月至2016年3月宝鸡市解放军第三医院收治的非小细胞肺癌患者80例为研究对象,根据住院病历号顺序分为观察组和对照组,每组40例,对照组接受GP化疗方案,观察组接受GP化疗方案联合鸦胆子油乳、艾迪注射液治疗,两组均10天为一个周期,4个周期为一个疗程,均治疗1个疗程。比较两组的临床疗效、不良反应、T细胞亚群水平及生活质量评分。结果:观察组的总缓解率和疾病控制率分别为62.5%和92.5%,均显著高于对照组(47.5%和75.0%)(P0.05);治疗后,两组的CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+水平均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),观察组治疗后的CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05);两组治疗后的KPS评分均较治疗前升高,且观察组的KPS评分显著高于对照组(P0.05);治疗期间,观察组的恶心呕吐、腹泻、白细胞计数减少、血小板减少、肝功能损害和肾功能损害的发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05);半年内,观察组的生存率(87.5%)显著高于对照组的生存率(77.5%)。结论:鸦胆子油乳、艾迪注射液配合GP化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效显著,不良反应发生率低,提高半年生存率,而且可降低化疗对T细胞亚群水平的影响,并降低患者血清VEGF水平。     

重组人促红细胞生成素对血液透析患者营养状况和免疫功能的影响

目的:研究重组人促红细胞生成素对血液透析患者营养状态和免疫功能的影响。方法:选取2015年8月至2016年4月在我院进行维持性血液透析的患者共139名,随机分为对照组和观察组。对照组患者接受常规铁剂、叶酸等辅助治疗;观察组患者在常规治疗的基础上加用重组人促红细胞生成素。比较两组患者治疗前后血红蛋白、红细胞压积、营养状况(前白蛋白和转铁蛋白)以及免疫功能(CD4~+细胞、CD8~+细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+细胞和免疫球蛋白)等指标。结果:两组患者治疗前血红蛋白、红细胞压积、营养状况指标和免疫功能指标比较均没有统计学差异(P0.05)。治疗12周后,两组患者治疗后的血红蛋白、红细胞压积、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白均较治疗前显著升高(P0.05),且观察组患者以上指标较对照组升高更为明显(P0.05)。对照组患者治疗后的CD4~+细胞比例较治疗前明显升高(P0.05),但CD8~+细胞和CD4~+/CD8~+细胞比例没有显著变化(P0.05),而观察组治疗后这三类细胞的比例均较治疗前明显升高(P0.05)。观察组治疗后IgA、IgM和IgG浓度均较治疗前显著提升(P0.05),而对照组只有IgA和IgM浓度在治疗后有明显提高(P0.05),但仍显著低于观察组(P0.05)。结论:重组人促红细胞生成素能有效纠正血液透析患者的贫血情况,改善其营养状况并提高其免疫功能。     

双歧三联活菌胶囊辅助治疗对乙肝后肝硬化患者肠黏膜屏障功能及细胞免疫功能的影响

目的探讨双歧三联活菌胶囊辅助治疗对乙肝后肝硬化患者肠黏膜屏障功能及细胞免疫功能的影响。方法选取78例门诊或住院治疗的乙肝后肝硬化患者,随机分为两组,其中观察组和对照组各39例。两组患者予以护肝利尿、控制门脉压和营养支持等基础治疗。观察组加用双歧三联活菌胶囊630mg/次,2次/d,温水口服,连用6周。观察两组治疗前后肝功能指标[丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和总胆红素(TBIL)]、肠黏膜屏障功能[前降钙素(PCT)和二胺氧化酶(DAO)]及细胞免疫功能[T淋巴细胞亚群]的变化。结果治疗6周后,两组血清ALT、AST和TBIL指标较前均明显下降(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组下降幅度较对照组更明显(P0.05);两组血清PCT和DAO指标较前明显下降(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组下降幅度较对照组更明显(P0.05);同时两组CD4+水平和CD4+/CD8+比值均较前明显上升(P0.05),且观察组上升幅度较对照组更明显(P0.05),而两组治疗前后CD8+水平无明显变化(P0.05)。结论双歧三联活菌胶囊辅助治疗乙肝后肝硬化患者能更有效降低ALT、AST和TBIL水平,保护其肝功能;降低血清PCT和DAO水平,修复肠黏膜屏障功能;还能纠正T淋巴细胞亚群紊乱,增加其细胞免疫功能。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.