高压氧的应用进展

高压氧逐渐被广泛的应用于多个医疗实践领域。作为一种特殊的治疗手段,临床医生会为他们的病人提供这种治疗选择,但对其机制却不十分了解。通过对高压氧作用机制详细阐述,为临床医生在医疗实践中提供科学依据。通过全面阐述高压氧的临床应用、并发症及禁忌症,更全面、系统的了解高压氧这种治疗手段,全面评估高压氧的治疗安全性。因高压氧具有增加氧输送、免疫功能和改变血液流变学的复合效应,而且安全性较高,用于治疗创伤、栓塞、感染等多种疾病。突发性耳聋是耳鼻咽喉科常见的急症,患者主要表现为突然发生的不同程度的感音神经聋,影响患者的生活。因目前突发性耳聋的病因尚不明确,治疗方案多种多样,如激素、抗凝药物、抗病毒药物等,但疗效均为得到肯定,无有效的统一治疗方案。通过分析评价多个随机对照试验,发现高压氧治疗可明显改善突发性耳聋(Sudden hearing loss,SHL)的听力下降,希望能为临床医生的治疗提供科学依据。可能存在其他的尚未发掘的治疗领域,期待临床上有更多的相关研究。     

神经节苷脂钠联合高压氧治疗突发性耳聋患者的效果评估

目的:探讨神经节苷脂钠联合高压氧治疗突发性耳聋患者的疗效,并分析其对患者血清高迁移率蛋白-1(High mobility protein-1,HMGB1)、中性粒细胞激活肽-78(Neutrophil activating peptide-78,ENA-78)的影响。方法:选择我院2018年1月至2019年8月接诊的96例突发性耳聋患者,通过随机数表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组48例。对照组在常规治疗基础上给予高压氧治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予神经节苷脂钠注射液治疗,两组均连续治疗2个疗程。治疗后,比较两组的临床疗效、治疗前后纯音听阈测试结果、凝血功能、血清HMGB1、ENA-78水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗2个疗程后,观察组临床疗效总有效率明显高于对照组(93.75%vs79.17%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组纯音听阈测试结果明显低于对照组[(32.14±4.94)dB vs.(37.23±5.12)dB](P0.05),凝血酶原时间(Prothrombin time,PT)、部分活化凝血酶原时间(Partial activated prothrombin time,APTT)、凝血酶时间(Thrombin time,TT)明显短于对照组,纤维蛋白原(Fibrinogen,FIB)明显低于对照组。结论:神经节苷脂钠联合高压氧治疗突发性耳聋患者的效果显著优于单用高压氧治疗,其可有效促进听力恢复,且不增加药物不良反应,其机制可能与降低血清HMGB1、ENA-78水平有关。     

高压氧和丹参粉针剂治疗突发性耳聋临床体会

目的 探讨高压氧和丹参粉针剂治疗突发性耳聋的临床意义.方法 将125例突发性耳聋患者随机分为两组,治疗组63例(79耳)采用高压氧和丹参粉针剂治疗,对照组62例(75耳)采用丹参粉针剂治疗.两组疗程结束观察对比疗效.结果 治疗后治疗组听力恢复痊愈19耳,显效28耳,有效25耳,无效7耳,总有效率91.1%;对照组听力恢复痊愈10耳,显效20耳,有效26耳,无效19耳,总有效率为74.7%.两组疗效经Ridit分析,u=2.796,P<0.01,有非常显著性差异.结论 高压氧和丹参粉针剂治疗突发性耳聋可收到明显的疗效.     

高压氧联合地塞米松治疗突发性耳聋的疗效及对血液流变学的影响

目的:研究高压氧联合地塞米松治疗突发性耳聋的疗效及对血液流变学的影响。方法:选择2012年6月至2015年1月在我院接受治疗的突发性耳聋患者90例(124耳)进行研究。根据数字法随机分成观察组(45例,60耳)及对照组(45例,64耳),两组均给予常规的改善内耳微循环及神经营养类制剂治疗,对照组另给予地塞米松治疗,观察组在对照组基础上另给予高压氧治疗,治疗1个疗程后对比两组疗效,听力改善程度以及血液流变学指标变化。结果:观察组的总有效率是98.33%,显著高于对照组的89.06%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组的听力损失程度显著优于对照组,纯音听阈显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组的高切粘度、中切粘度、低切粘度、红细胞聚集指数均分别显著低于对照组,红细胞变形指数显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:高压氧联合地塞米松治疗突发性耳聋患者具有更为显著的疗效,且可有效改善患者的血液流变学指标,值得临床推荐。     

蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗突发性耳聋15例临床疗效观察

蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗突发性耳聋１５例临床疗效观察二炮武汉医院覃祖高,王启宽,高喜霞１９８６年以来我们采用蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗突发性耳聋１５例,与单纯应用其它扩血管药治疗病例进行疗效分析对比如下。一、治疗范围及诊断标准１、本组观察治疗范围均为突发性及外力性耳聋,同...     

清栓酶治疗突发性耳聋一例

清栓酶治疗突发性耳聋一例徐远清广州军区一门诊患者某女,５４岁,医生,因突发左耳耳鸣、耳聋一周经理疗,维生素Ｂ１肌注、静脉滴注低分子右旋糖酐、三磷酸腺苷等无效来诊。病前有睡眠差、焦虑劳累情况,既往有脑动脉硬化、隐性糖尿病史,血纤维蛋白无检测轻度增高。予...     

针对骨髓移植病患中铁过载的去铁治疗研究进展

骨髓移植是临床上治疗恶性造血系统疾病的常见手段。而铁过载是临床上常见的并发症之一,对病患的造血功能和治疗后恢复有极大的抑制作用。了解铁过载产生的分子或遗传机制能帮助优化去铁化方案,提高去铁化治疗的效率。本文总结了骨髓移植前后铁过载现象发生机制的最新研究进展,并阐述了临床上多种去铁治疗的方案,以期为该类病患铁过载的预防和治疗提供参考。     

基于马尔科夫链的医疗决策

在临床实践中,医生和患者均面临决策,由于医生和患者个体知识经验的局限性,仅依赖个人经验的决策判断难以全面评估治疗方案的好坏,而通过马尔科夫链模型可以帮助医生和患者对复杂疾病建立抽象模型,便于对疾病的各治疗效果进行决策分析。马尔科夫链模型是处理离散事件的随机过程,通过当前设定的信息,预测将来的情况。本文总结了马尔科夫链在医疗决策中的应用的基本原理,梳理了在医疗决策领域常用的马尔科夫链模型的分类,针对医疗决策的特点探讨不同类型马尔科夫链的矩阵法、队列法以及蒙特卡洛模拟分析方法的适用范围和优缺点。针对疾病进展的三状态模型以及是否使用某药物的实际决策案例,分析比较队列法与蒙特卡洛模拟法的具体应用,总结归纳队列法与蒙特卡洛模拟法的优缺点。     

丹参酮IIA磺酸钠注射液辅助治疗对突发性耳聋患者血液流变学及临床疗效的影响

目的：探讨丹参酮IIA 磺酸钠注射液辅助治疗对突发性耳聋患者血液流变学及临床疗效的影响。方法：选取我院收治的突发 性耳聋患者78 例,并将其随机分为实验组和对照组,每组39 例。对照组给予三磷酸腺苷二钠、辅酶A、复合维生素、双密达莫片 及高压氧治疗,而实验组在对照组的基础上给予丹参酮IIA 磺酸钠注射液治复合组治疗。观察和比较两组患者治疗后的听力恢复 等级分布以及治疗前后的电测听情况和各项血液流变学指标的变化情况。结果：治疗后,与对照组比较,实验组听力恢复Ⅰ级患 者的比例更高,电听力平均值均显著降低,各项血液流变学指标均明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：丹参酮IIA 磺酸 钠注射液辅助治疗能够显著提高突发性耳聋的临床疗效,这可能其改善患者的血液流变学有关     

甲真菌病的诊疗难点和个体化策略

1制定此策略的目的 为广大皮肤科医生（尤其是基层医生）提供甲真菌病的临床治疗方案及药物选择的指导意见;针对特殊患者的甲真菌病临床治疗指导意见;治疗失败情况下的临床治疗方案建议;对不具备真菌检查条件或者真菌学检查阴性的情况下,根据主要的临床诊断线索提供治疗指导意见。     

甲基强的松龙治疗2型糖尿病合并突发性感音神经聋的临床疗效研究

目的:观察甲基强的松龙治疗2型糖尿病合并突发性感音神经聋患者的治疗效果。方法:本研究共纳入2018年1月至2020年10月期间于深圳大学附属华南医院内分泌科、耳鼻喉科住院治疗的60例合并单侧突发性感音神经聋的成人2型糖尿病患者,按照随机数字表法分为治疗组(n=30)和对照组(n=30)。两组患者均给予营养神经、胰岛素降糖和高压氧治疗,治疗组给予甲基强的松龙静脉滴注3日后,减少甲基强的松龙剂量继续治疗4天,两组总疗程为14天。观察两组患者治疗后听力障碍改善情况,两组患者分别于治疗开始前、治疗1周后、治疗2周后分别测定纯音听阈均值(PTA)、听性脑干反应(ABR)以评估治疗效果。结果:治疗2周后治疗组听力障碍分级优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗2周后,治疗组的PTA和70dB、80dB、90dB声波刺激ABR指标均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:甲基强的松龙联合营养神经、降糖和高压氧等综合治疗,可有效提高2型糖尿病合并突发性感音神经聋患者的听力,值得临床推广应用。     

综述与专论: 高压氧疗法治疗脑缺血的相关机制

脑缺血是指大脑各部分血液供应不足导致脑组织缺血缺氧，进而导致密集缺血区脑组织出现不可逆的损伤坏死，其高致残率、高死亡率会对患者及其家庭造成严重的伤害。在脑缺血发生后，及时采取一定的治疗措施控制梗死灶的大小，并挽救半暗带中的细胞是脑缺血预后的关键。高压氧疗法是针对脑缺血的一种潜在治疗方法，在近年来得到了越来越广泛的关注和研究，本文旨在综述近年来国内外关于高压氧疗法治疗脑缺血的相关机制及研究进展，为脑缺血患者的治疗和预后提供新思路。     

蛇伤性溃疡中西医结合高压氧治疗的体会

目的总结中西医结合高压氧治疗蛇伤性溃疡的临床疗效。方法对我院收治的27例蛇伤性溃疡患者在全身支持治疗、伤口局部清创、外用及湿敷中药治疗外,并给予高压氧治疗。结果 27例蛇伤性溃疡患者均治愈出院,治愈率100%。结论中西医结合高压氧治疗蛇伤性溃疡的疗效确切,值得临床借鉴及推广。     

Humidity does not affect central nervous system oxygen toxicity.

Central nervous system (CNS) oxygen toxicity can occur as convulsions and loss of consciousness when hyperbaric oxygen is breathed in diving and hyperbaric medical therapy. Lin and Jamieson (J Appl Physiol 75: 1980-1983, 1993) reported that humidity in the inspired gas enhances CNS oxygen toxicity. Because alveolar gas is fully saturated with water vapor, we could not see a cause and effect and surmised that other factors, such as metabolic rate, might be involved. Rats were exposed to 507- and 608-kPa O(2) in dry (31 or 14%) or humid (99%) atmosphere until the appearance of the first electrical discharge preceding the clinical convulsions. Each rat served as its own control. A thermoneutral temperature (28 +/- 0.4 degrees C) yielded resting CO(2) production of 0.81 +/- 0.06 ml x g(-1) x h(-1). Latency to the first electrical discharge was not affected by humidity. At 507-kPa O(2), latency was 23 +/- 0.4 and 22 +/- 0.7 min in dry and humid conditions, respectively, and, at 608-kPa O(2), latency was 15 +/- 4 and 14 +/- 3 min in dry and humid conditions, respectively. When no effects of CO(2) and metabolic rate are present, humidity does not affect CNS oxygen toxicity. Relevance of the findings to diving and hyperbaric therapy is discussed.     

Delayed Recompression for Decompression Sickness: Retrospective Analysis

Introduction

Most cases of decompression sickness (DCS) occur soon after surfacing, with 98% within 24 hours. Recompression using hyperbaric chamber should be administrated as soon as feasible in order to decrease bubble size and avoid further tissue injury. Unfortunately, there may be a significant time delay from surfacing to recompression. The time beyond which hyperbaric treatment is non effective is unclear. The aims of the study were first to evaluate the effect of delayed hyperbaric treatment, initiated more than 48h after surfacing for DCS and second, to evaluate the different treatment protocols.

Methods

From January 2000 to February 2014, 76 divers had delayed hyperbaric treatment (≥48h) for DCS in the Sagol center for Hyperbaric medicine and Research, Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Israel. Data were collected from their medical records and compared to data of 128 patients treated earlier than 48h after surfacing at the same hyperbaric institute.

Results

There was no significant difference, as to any of the baseline characteristics, between the delayed and early treatment groups. With respect to treatment results, at the delayed treatment divers, complete recovery was achieved in 76% of the divers, partial recovery in 17.1% and no improvement in 6.6%. Similar results were achieved when treatment started early, where 78% of the divers had complete recovery, 15.6% partial recovery and 6.2% no recovery. Delayed hyperbaric treatment using US Navy Table 6 protocol trended toward a better clinical outcome yet not statistically significant (OR=2.786, CI95%[0.896-8.66], p=0.07) compared to standard hyperbaric oxygen therapy of 90 minutes at 2 ATA, irrespective of the symptoms severity at presentation.

Conclusions

Late recompression for DCS, 48 hours or more after surfacing, has clinical value and when applied can achieve complete recovery in 76% of the divers. It seems that the preferred hyperbaric treatment protocol should be based on US Navy Table 6.     

Hyperbaric oxygen toxicity and ribosome destruction in Escherichia coli K12

The viability of resting suspensions of Escherichia coli K12 Ymel exposed to air plus 300 psi (1 psi = 6.895 kPa) oxygen (hyperbaric oxygen) decreased as an apparent first-order process after an initial period of constant viability. Control suspensions exposed to air plus 300 psi nitrogen (hyperbaric nitrogen) did not lose viability over the 96 h of the experiment. It was observed that a decrease in the refractive index of the cells preceded the loss of viability in hyperbaric oxygen. This finding together with electron micrographs, which showed extensive loss of ribosomal particles in bacteria incubated in hyperbaric oxygen, led us to suspect that ribosome injury or disassociation might be important in hyperbaric oxygen toxicity. In support of this we found that cellular RNA, labeled with [5-3H]uridine, was much more rapidly and more completely degraded in hyperbaric oxygen than in hyperbaric nitrogen. Furthermore, a far greater proportion of RNA was degraded than was DNA or protein. A direct assay for ribosome particles by sucrose gradient centrifugation showed that only 34% of the 70S ribosome particles was lost during the first 24 h in hyperbaric nitrogen whereas in hyperbaric oxygen 99.6% of the 70S particles was degraded during the same period. In hyperbaric oxygen the rate of viability loss between 24 and 72 h was equal to the rate of 70S ribosome degradation during the first 24 h. If 70S ribosome disassociation in hyperbaric oxygen continues at the same rate after first 24 h, then cumulative 70S ribosome disassociation or injury may lead to and provide an explanation for irreversible bacterial cell injury and the loss of viability.     

Expanding the limits of composite grafting: a case report of successful nose replantation assisted by hyperbaric oxygen therapy

A successful nose replantation assisted by hyperbaric oxygen therapy is presented, with a brief discussion of the possible mechanisms and a brief literature review of the use of hyperbaric oxygen in tissue preservation and replantation. Although it is not certain that the hyperbaric oxygenation ensured the survival of the replanted nose in this 2-year-old girl, there was documented change in graft appearance during the initial hyperbaric oxygen treatment. A 1-month, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up is included.