南充市高坪区居民关于分级诊疗制度知晓度调查及分析

目的:了解南充市高坪区居民分级诊疗制度的知晓程度,以及对该制度的实施提供进一步理论依据。方法:采取自制调查问卷进行面对面调查,并用统计学方法进行分析。结果:在接受调查居民中,对分级诊疗制度的知晓率为87.3%,然而分级诊疗制度实施结果并不理想。结论:居民对分级诊疗制度的知晓率与分级诊疗制度实施情况不相符,说明分级诊疗制度实施仍然面临许多阻碍。     

基于新制度主义的分级诊疗制度创新研究

为了合理利用区域医疗卫生资源,国家倡导建立分级诊疗制度以缓解“看病难、看病贵”问题。但在实际实施过程中,分级诊疗制度遭遇制度动力不足和实施效率低下等问题。基于新制度主义的理论观点,认为新制度的“合法性”危机、原有体制的路径依赖以及制度变革中的权力与利益博弈是产生分级诊疗制度化困境的原因。因此,我们应该创新分级诊疗制度,建立以政府与市场共同参与的分级诊疗实施网络,重新配置医疗卫生资源,完善社区医疗机构的“守门人”制度,加快社会组织的功能实现,实现分级诊疗制度的利益共享。     

立法推进分级诊疗制度建设的思考

自2015年发布《关于推进分级诊疗制度建设的指导意见》以来,相关配套政策相继出台,分级诊疗制度能否持续有效贯彻落实,仍需法律层面的调整和保障。为此,针对当前分级诊疗制度建设存在的主要问题,作者进行了深入调查分析,提出了立法推进分级诊疗制度建设的思路和建议。     

我国分级诊疗发展历程及政策演变研究

分级诊疗已成为“健康中国”战略的核心制度体系,并作为重塑我国医疗服务体系的重要内容。通过对我国分级诊疗发展历程和相关政策的梳理,总结分析了不同阶段分级诊疗发展的经验与教训,为分级诊疗制度的理论研究和政策制定提供制度的分析视角和历史资料的参考。     

我国分级诊疗

实施分级诊疗制度是深化我国医药卫生体制改革的核心战略要求,其实质是在卫生、财政、医保、药品监督等多部门协同作用下,各层医疗机构之间实现诊疗服务的科学性和连续性,形成预防、治疗、康复等有机整体,达到合理有序的就医格局。当前的分级诊疗制度存在分级诊疗体系建设不完善,基层首诊实现程度低,缺乏利益激励机制以及信息化程度不高等问题,对此提出相应的建设性对策,以实现分级诊疗制度的可持续推进。     

台湾地区全民健保下分级诊疗制度之借鉴

借鉴我国台湾地区全民健保下分级诊疗制度,落实和完善现行分级诊疗制度以保证医疗资源的合理配置。利用文献分析,对比研究两岸不同卫生体制下分级诊疗制度实施现状,结合专家访谈的形式明确台湾分级诊疗制度的特点。通过建立短期医疗网计划、成立社区医疗群、改革医保补偿机制、构筑医联体等方式优化分级诊疗制度。     

新医改背景下我国分级诊疗实践及问题分析

分级诊疗是医改的重中之重,将为健康中国和基本医疗卫生制度建设提供坚实的体系基础和制度保障。系统总结了我国现阶段各地分级诊疗的实践,分析存在的主要问题,在此基础上提出相应的对策建议,为我国有序推进分级诊疗建设、深化医改提供参考依据。     

部分国家和地区分级诊疗特点及启示

通过剖析部分国家和地区分级诊疗的特点,即分级诊疗是医疗卫生服务体系健全的自然结果,分级诊疗的实质在于服务整合,合理的支付制度是分级诊疗的重要促进因素;提出以强基层、建机制的原则发展分级诊疗,将医疗机构分工合作、服务功能整合作为分级诊疗的重要路径,增强医保对医疗服务体系的影响力以促进分级诊疗等建议。     

分级诊疗制度的现状分析及对策思考

随着新医改的逐步深入，各省市都在推行分级诊疗制度，探索建立分级诊疗模式。文章介绍了山东省的分级诊疗现状，针对具体情况进行原因分析，并提出政策建议，以期不断完善分级诊疗机制，进一步推动医改进程。     

基于社会分工理论的分级诊疗服务体系研究

医疗卫生服务体系结构复杂，建立规划合理、分工明确的分级诊疗服务体系是保障医疗资源合理配置、提高医疗服务协调性和连续性的重要手段。通过探讨当前分级诊疗服务体系存在的问题，进而结合社会分工理论为形成适应我国国情的分级诊疗制度提出对策建议。     

基于分级诊疗视角的就医行为分析及相关策略研究

通过国内外相关文献资料的患者门诊就医行为分析和研究,发现并总结出患者就医行为的影响因素、不同病种和不同人群的就医流向趋势。其研究结果可为我国分级诊疗的基层首诊、双向转诊等相关政策的制订和完善提供较为准确的理论依据,以促进分级诊疗的健康发展。     

德国分级诊疗实践和经验及对我国的启示

通过介绍德国医疗服务制度,总结并分析了德国分级诊疗的优势,并借鉴德国的经验,从构建新型分级诊疗体系、提升基层机构人员素质、规范医保报销和加大政府投入方面,提出我国构建分级诊疗服务体系的思路。

     

县级医院实施分级诊疗机制探讨

北京市延庆县医院作为北京市公立医院改革的试点单位之一,在实施分级诊疗的过程中进行了一系列的探索,总结了部分经验。通过发现实施分级诊疗过程中存在的问题,提出相应的对策,从而不断促进分级诊疗机制的完善,并为其他县级医院实施分级诊疗机制提供经验。     

Hierarchical structure and the influence of individual attributes in the captive squirrel monkey (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Saimiri collinsi</Emphasis>)

The dominance structure of primate social groups varies widely. In addition to the groups’ composition, intrinsic attributes such as sex, body size and life experience are important factors that can affect hierarchical dominance relations. All primates are social animals, and the social environment has a direct influence on the physiological conditions of vital systems such as immunological, reproductive and cardiovascular systems. In this study, we analyze the hierarchical structure of Saimiri collinsi in captivity, including the hierarchical structure type, the influence of individual intrinsic characteristics (sex, age, weight and origin—born in captivity or in the wild) based on the prior-attributes model, the relation between agonistic behavior frequency and hierarchical position, and hierarchy steepness, which represents the dominance gradient. We found that the group order was characterized by a partial hierarchy: a dominance position could be occupied by more than one individual simultaneously, including individuals of both sexes. Intrinsic characteristics had no influence on hierarchical structure, with the exception of the male in the highest hierarchical position, which had a markedly larger body than all other group members. Thus, the prior-attributes model did not apply to hierarchical formation of S. collinsi in captivity. Only the frequency of agonistic behavior of males correlated with their hierarchical position, and they differed from all other group members in their more aggressive behavior. The steepness between adjacent positions along the dominance gradient was significant only between the dominant male and the next individual in the group, with a smooth gradient between the other positions in the rank. As the access to resources is directly related to hierarchical dominance, a smooth dominance gradient is to be expected in species that form very large groups, such as wild Saimiri populations.     

我国省级层面分级诊疗文件比较分析

通过访问各省（区、市）卫生计生委的官方网站,获取有关分级诊疗政策的文件,在获取国家卫计委和万方、知网的相关分级诊疗文献的基础上,对各省（区、市）2016年2月28日以前的分级诊疗文件进行分析研究,通过对比各省分级诊疗文件的基本情况和实施措施等具体内容,分析不同省份在分级诊疗文件内容设定中存在的问题,从而为未来的分级诊疗决策和实践提供经验。     

Evaluating δ15N–body size relationships across taxonomic levels using hierarchical models

Ecologists routinely set out to estimate the trophic position of individuals, populations, and species composing food webs, and nitrogen stable isotopes (δ¹⁵N) are a widely used proxy for trophic position. Although δ¹⁵N values are often sampled at the level of individuals, estimates and confidence intervals are frequently sought for aggregations of individuals. If individual δ¹⁵N values are correlated as an artifact of sampling design (e.g., clustering of samples in space or time) or due to intrinsic groupings (e.g., life history stages, social groups, taxonomy), such estimates may be biased and exhibit overly optimistic confidence intervals. However, these issues can be accommodated using hierarchical modeling methods. Here, we demonstrate how hierarchical models offer an additional quantitative tool for investigating δ¹⁵N variability and we explicitly evaluate how δ¹⁵N varies with body size at successively higher levels of taxonomic aggregation in a diverse fish assemblage. The models take advantage of all available data, better account for uncertainty in parameters estimates, may improve inferences on coefficients corresponding to groups with small to moderate sample sizes, and partition variation across model levels, which provides convenient summaries of the ‘importance’ of each level in terms of unexplained heterogeneity in the data. These methods can easily be applied to diet-based studies of trophic position. Although hierarchical models are well-understood and established tools, their benefits have yet to be fully reaped by stable isotope and food web ecologists. We suggest that hierarchical models can provide a robust framework for conceptualizing and statistically modeling trophic position at multiple levels of aggregation.     

Extrapolation through hierarchical levels

• 1.1. Translating results from low hierarchical levels to higher orders meets with difficulties with respect to temporal, spatial and organizational scales.
• 2.2. Translating stress effects through hierarchical levels has not yet been possible, thus hampering ecological risk assessment.
• 3.3. Three approaches to link the various levels are described; the energetics, the endpoint and the minimal structure approach.
• 4.4. A concept to integrate these approaches to enable extrapolation of stress effects across hierarchical levels is described.