岷江冷杉林皆伐后次生群落结构和物种多样性的演替动态

为阐明岷江冷杉林皆伐后次生群落的演替过程,采用空间代替时间的方法,在川西米亚罗林区海拔3100—3600 m的阴坡选择岷江冷杉林皆伐后次生演替10、20、30、40和50a阶段的次生群落作为研究对象,对其群落结构和物种多样性的动态进行了研究。不同演替阶段的树木均呈显著聚集分布。按群落中优势种的重要值将该演替序列划分为3个类型:悬钩子-蔷薇灌丛、白桦阔叶林和桦木-岷江冷杉针阔混交林。随次生演替,乔木和灌木种的物种丰富度趋于增加,而草本种的物种丰富度趋于减少;乔木和灌木种的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数趋于增大,而草本的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数趋于减小;乔木、灌木和草本层的Pielou均匀度指数均趋于增大;乔木层的Simpson优势度指数趋于减小,灌木和草本层的Simpson优势度指数在演替0—40年阶段趋于增大,而在演替50a阶段趋于减小。在该演替序列中,乔木、灌木和草本层的物种组成均呈耐荫种替代非耐荫种的趋势。     

山西太岳山油松群落对采伐干扰的生态响应

森林群落受到采伐干扰后的生态响应程度一直是森林生态学领域关注的研究前沿。本文以太岳山的油松林为对象,选择受不同采伐干扰强度和恢复时间的4块样地,通过固定标准地群落的调查获得数据资料,选用丰富度指数、Simpson指数（λ）、Shannon-Wiener指数（H'）、均匀度指数（E1）和Jaccard、Sprenson两种相似性指数,研究油松林对不同采伐方式生态响应,探讨不同采伐干扰强度和恢复时间下油松林生物多样性变化和更新演替规律。研究结果表明：1）受采伐干扰的样地中阳性植物的种类明显增多,随着恢复时间的增长,植物处于生长逐步旺盛、物种逐步丰富的阶段,其种类组成表现出由简单到复杂、由喜阳植物垄断到耐阴种类不断增多、种类由少变多的动态特征。2）适度的择伐可以提高群落整体的多样性,但皆伐则降低了群落的综合物种多样性。3）受相同择伐强度干扰后,群落之间保持了最高的相似性,皆伐干扰使群落环境有了本质的变化,与天然林的物种相似性最低。4）受采伐干扰后形成的次生林内,恢复初期中更新幼苗幼树出现6个树种,主要以油松和辽东栎（Quercus liaodungensi）为主。天然林中的环境最有利于油松幼苗的生长,择伐后恢复初期18a间幼树数量最高,幼苗数量最低,皆伐后更新幼苗幼树数量最少,环境条件最不利于更新。     

大青山赤松林和黑松林生态适应研究

针对山东省大青山省级自然保护区典型植物群落,设置21个样方,分析主要乔木种群和群落特征.结果表明:1)大青山样方内共发现维管植物111种,其中乔木29种、灌木14种、草本植物68种,群落植物种类少,物种多样性低.2)29种乔木根据径级结构划分为13种扩展种、2种隐退种,5种稳定侵入种、6种随机侵入种和3种随机隐退种.主要乔木种群径级结构型为2种:黑松种群、栓皮栎种群、麻栎种群、小叶朴种群、黄檀种群、君迁子种群和槲树种群为增长型;刺槐种群和赤松种群为稳定型.大青山群落乔木整体上为增长型群落.3)大青山乔木层物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数从高到低依次为赤松林、黑松林、刺槐林,而Pielou均匀度指数从高到低依次为黑松林、赤松林、刺槐林,显示赤松更适合作为大青山造林树种.     

澳门青洲山翻白叶树群落特征及物种多样性研究

根据样方调查结果,对澳门青洲山翻白叶树(Pterospermum heterophyllum)群落的种类组成、外貌、结构特征与动态及物种多样性进行分析.结果表明:(1)在1 600 m2样地中,有维管束植物47种,隶属于29科44属;对乔木层和灌木层主要物种的重要值以及频度分析结果显示,该群落是以翻白叶树为主的单优种群落,群落种类组成多样性和水平分布不均匀,其外貌终年常绿;对优势种种群的年龄结构分析显示,该种群处于增长状态;(2)整个群落的物种丰富度Margalef指数为13.72,Shannon-Wiener指数为1.15,Simpson指数为0.875,均匀度指数为0.34,该群落的层次格局为:灌木层>藤本层>乔木层>草本层;(3) 与其他5个不同类型地区森林群的物种多样性比较结果显示,澳门翻白叶树群落的物种多样性明显低于其他5个森林群落.     

海南万宁青皮林群落多样性特征研究

根据样方调查,对海南万宁青皮林群落的种类组成、外貌、结构特征和物种多样性进行分析。结果表明:(1)海南万宁青皮林自然保护区有维管植物137种,隶属于62科110属,其中热带性分布种达95.5%,群落属于热带雨林植被类型中的海岸单优青皮群落。(2)群落的优势种为青皮,外貌常绿,生活型以小高位芽为主(占35.04%),青皮种群表现为增长趋势。(3)群落的物种丰富度Magarlef指数为34.30,Shannon-Wienner指数为2.31,Simpson指数为0.99,均匀度Pielou指数为1.08。(4)群落各层次的丰富度表现为乔木层>灌木层>藤本植物>草本层,Simpson指数表现为灌木层>草本层>藤本植物>乔木层,Shannon-Wienner指数表现为灌木层>藤本植物>草本层>乔木层,均匀度表现为草本层>灌木层>藤本植物>乔木层,表明乔木层的物种丰富度最高,但分布最不均匀,优势种的优势地位突出。     

湖南三道坑自然保护区珍稀濒危植物鹅掌楸群落的研究

采用5个物种多样性指数对湖南三道坑自然保护区珍稀濒危植物鹅掌楸(Liriodendronchinense(Hemsl.)Sarg.)群落进行物种多样性测定,并分析了群落的种类组成、外貌、演替等。结果表明(:1)群落垂直结构明显,可分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层、地被层。共有维管束植物76种,隶属48科57属。群落生活型谱以高位芽植物占优势(68.42%),与其它亚热带常绿落叶阔叶林相似。(2)群落的物种多样性高,灌木层的各项物种多样性指数均高于乔木层和草本层。整个群落的丰富度高达76;Simpson指数D为0.9516,接近Dmax;Shannon-Wiener指数H为3.3247;基于Simpson指数的均匀度指数JS为0.5843,而基于Shannon-Wiener指数的均匀度指数JSW为0.8826。(3)从鹅掌楸种群的生势衰退和数量削减以及幼龄个体的贫乏来看,目前这个群落已处于发育过程的衰老阶段。     

黄土高原马栏林区基于不同植被组织尺度的群落物种多样性

物种多样性格局随着时空尺度的变化而变化, 同时也与植被组织尺度的变化密切相关, 基于多组织尺度的研究能更好地揭示一个地区的物种多样性规律。在应用数量分类(TWINSPAN)和主成分分析法(PCA)确定黄土高原马栏林区不同组织尺度的群落类型及其相互关系的基础上, 采用加性分配法分析该区域物种多样性与植被型、群系和群丛3种植被组织尺度之间的关系, 结果表明: (1) 区域物种多样性(γ)可加性分配分为群丛内(α₁)、群丛间(β₁)、群系间(β₂)和植被型间(β₃) 4个多样性成分, 无论用物种丰富度指数还是Shannon-Wiener多样性或Simpson多样性指数, 乔木、灌木和草本植物的最大物种多样性都存在于群丛内(草本层的物种丰富度除外), 说明群丛尺度是度量该区物种多样性的最佳尺度。(2)植被型、群系和群丛3种组织尺度的Shannon-Wiener多样性百分比均大于Simpson多样性百分比, 说明稀有种的分布对马栏林区各植被组织尺度的物种多样性格局起主要作用。(3)各尺度间的β多样性大小顺序在乔木、灌木、草本植物3层以不同多样性指数表示时各不相同, 这与乔木、灌木、草本植物3层的物种组成和分布, 以及主导不同植被组织尺度的物种多样性的因素差异有密切联系。     

采伐干扰对长白山核桃楸林生物多样性的影响研究

运用Gleason丰富度指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Cody指数和重要值,对长白山核桃楸林不同采伐方式下的生物多样性及变化进行了研究。结果表明,采伐干扰下群落中草本层的植物多样性和重要值变化最大,α多样性和β多样性指数均在皆伐地表现最高,择伐地次之,未采伐地最低;在重要值上,择伐和皆伐后,草本层植物的种类组成和重要值排序明显不同于对照地。从形式上来讲是采伐方式不同引起了多样性的变化,但其实质是光照条件改变所致;从时间尺度上考虑,是时间边缘效应的结果。同时,核桃楸更新苗数量的调查表明,皆伐地内高的多样性指数和核桃楸幼苗的充分发育均是受光因子作用的结果,它们二者之间并无必然的因果关系。     

北京东灵山暖温带落叶阔叶林地形和林分结构对林下草本植物物种多样性的影响

森林群落林下草本植物物种多样性丰富,然而大多数森林物种多样性研究集中在乔木层,对林下草本植物物种多样性及其影响因子的研究较少。本研究基于北京东灵山20 ha森林动态监测样地450个1 m×1 m的草本样方调查数据,选择物种丰富度指数(R)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Simpson优势度指数(D)和Pielou均匀度指数(E)作为草本植物物种多样性数据指标,分析了林下草本植物物种多样性与地形和林分结构的相关关系;并采用Pearson相关性分析、回归分析、冗余分析(RDA)及层次分割的方法,探讨了地形因子和林分因子对草本植物物种多样性的影响。结果表明:(1)林下草本植物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与坡向呈显著负相关(P <0.05),随坡向增大(由阳坡转向阴坡)而呈下降趋势; 4个多样性指数与海拔、坡度和凹凸度均无显著相关性。(2)物种丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数随林分密度和林地物种丰富度的增大呈下降的趋势,但随平均胸径的增大呈上升的趋势;各物种多样性指数均与胸径变异系数无显著相关性。(3)层次分割结果表明,环境因子对林下草本植...     

松材线虫入侵后不同伐倒干扰强度对马尾松林植物多样性的影响

以松材线虫入侵马尾松林后经过不同伐倒干扰强度经营形成的不同群落类型作为研究对象,对9个群落类型的物种多样性进行了研究.结果表明,乔木层物种多样性指数大小排列顺序为: 马尾松纯林受害皆伐后形成的阔叶林(富阳)＞轻度受害的马尾松 木荷混交林(富阳)＞对照＞轻度受害的马尾松 纯林(富阳)＞马尾松 栓皮栎混交林受害择伐后形成的栓皮栎林(舟山)＞马尾松纯林受害皆伐后形成的马尾松幼龄林(富阳)＞马尾松纯林受害择伐后形成的枫香林(舟山)＞受害的黑松 马尾松混交林(舟山)＞受害的马尾松纯林(舟山).灌木层舟山马尾松纯林的3种多样性指数均最低,其余各地相差不大.草本层马尾松幼树纯林、栓皮栎林和枫香林的3个指数较高.不同地理位置和不同受害程度的马尾松林植物多样性差异显著;不同干扰程度、不同恢复方式下马尾松林内的植物多样性差异也显著.建立了伐倒干扰强度指数,发现物种多样性指数随伐倒干扰强度指数的变化规律符合“中间高度膨胀”理论.协方差分析结果表明,所建的指数能有效地反映松材线虫入侵及病木伐除后马尾松林植物多样性的变化.     

紫金县和惠东县典型人工桉树林植物多样性研究

桉树作为速生树种,广泛种植于我国多个省市,其生态影响受到广泛关注。通过在广东省河源市紫金县及惠州市惠东县设置的32个样地,分别调查2003~2008年种植的人工桉树林及其对照林下植物种类、数量、盖度、频度等。共调查到植物194种,隶属65科141属,其中桉树林和对照林中均出现的物种共81种,桉树林下仅有种56种,对照林下仅有种57种;各年度种植的桉树林灌木层Margalef指数为0.416~6.005,对照林为0.541~4.492;桉树林灌木层Simpson指数0.563~0.892,草本层0.544~0.833,相应对照林灌木层和草本层分别为0.547~0.939和0.621~0.866;桉树林灌木层和草本层Shannon-Wiener指数分别为0.954~3.013、0.927~2.188,相应对照林各为1.027~2.458和1.028~2.101。各年度桉树林灌木层、草本层Margalef指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数与对照林之间均无显著差异,但均呈现出逐年上升、至4年生达顶峰、后逐年下降的趋势。     

Impacts of Selective Logging and Agricultural Clearing on Forest Structure, Floristic Composition and Diversity, and Timber Tree Regeneration in the Ituri Forest, Democratic Republic of Congo

Mature tropical forests at agricultural frontiers are of global conservation concern as the leading edge of global deforestation. In the Ituri Forest of DRC, as in other tropical forest areas, road creation associated with selective logging results in spontaneous human colonization, leading to the clearing of mature forest for agricultural purposes. Following 1-3 years of cultivation, farmlands are left fallow for periods that may exceed 20 years, resulting in extensive secondary forest areas impacted by both selective logging and swidden agriculture. In this study, we assessed forest structure, tree species composition and diversity and the regeneration of timber trees in secondary forest stands (5-10 and ~40 years old), selectively logged forest stands, and undisturbed forests at two sites in the Ituri region. Stem density was lower in old secondary forests (~40 years old) than in either young secondary or mature forests. Overall tree diversity did not significantly differ between forest types, but the diversity of trees ≥10 cm dbh was substantially lower in young secondary forest stands than in old secondary or mature forests. The species composition of secondary forests differed from that of mature forests, with the dominant Caesalpinoid legume species of mature forests poorly represented in secondary forests. However, in spite of prior logging, the regeneration of high value timber trees such as African mahoganies (Khaya anthotheca and Entandrophragma spp.) was at least 10 times greater in young secondary forests than in mature forests. We argue that, if properly managed and protected, secondary forests, even those impacted by both selective logging and small-scale shifting agriculture, may have high potential conservation and economic value.     

Influence of Post‐Clearing Treatment on the Recovery of Herbaceous Plant Communities in Amazonian Secondary Forests

Secondary forests are an increasingly common feature in tropical landscapes worldwide and understanding their regeneration is necessary to design effective restoration strategies. It has previously been shown that the woody species community in secondary forests can follow different successional pathways according to the nature of past human activities in the area, yet little is known about patterns of herbaceous species diversity in secondary forests with different histories of land use. We compared the diversity and abundance of herbaceous plant communities in two types of Central Amazonian secondary forests—those regenerating on pastures created by felling and burning trees and those where trees were felled only. We also tested if plant density and species richness in secondary forests are related to proximity to primary forest. In comparison with primary forest sites, forests regenerating on non‐burned habitats had lower herbaceous plant density and species richness than those on burned ones. However, species composition and abundance in non‐burned stands were more similar to those of primary forest, whereas several secondary forest specialist species were found in burned stands. In both non‐burned and burned forests, distance from the forest edge was not related to herbaceous density and species richness. Overall, our results suggest that the natural regeneration of herbaceous species in secondary tropical forests is dependent on a site's post‐clearing treatment. We recommend evaluating the land history of a site prior to developing and implementing a restoration strategy, as this will influence the biological template on which restoration efforts are overlaid.     

Significance of Riparian Forests for the Conservation of Central African Primates

We compared the structure of 12 Central African primate communities, 6 in riparian forests and 6 in adjacent terra firma forests and discussed the implications for primate conservation. The communities in riparian forests included on average 1.5 times more primate species than those in terra firma forests due to the fact that riparian forests shelter 4 specialist species and 6–7 generalist species. The results differ from findings in Amazonia where riparian forests consistently have fewer primate species than terra firma forests accommodate. This may be partly explained by the water level amplitude in Amazonian riparian forests, which deterred the radiation of semiterrestrial species. In Africa, most riparian-specialist primates are terrestrially-adapted and have access to an enlarged food niche. In terms of African primate conservation, we recommend protecting riparian forests and adjacent terra firma forests so that most of the lowland forest diversity is captured. The linear shape of riparian forests (which allows gene flow over long distance) and their persistence in anthropic landscape (because they represent lands of lesser value for agriculture and logging than mainland forests) predispose them to act as biodiversity sanctuaries.     

High plant species richness indicates management-related disturbances rather than the conservation status of forests

There is a wealth of smaller-scale studies on the effects of forest management on plant diversity. However, studies comparing plant species diversity in forests with different management types and intensity, extending over different regions and forest stages, and including detailed information on site conditions are missing. We studied vascular plants on 1500 20 m × 20 m forest plots in three regions of Germany (Schwäbische Alb, Hainich-Dün, Schorfheide-Chorin). In all regions, our study plots comprised different management types (unmanaged, selection cutting, deciduous and coniferous age-class forests, which resulted from clear cutting or shelterwood logging), various stand ages, site conditions, and levels of management-related disturbances. We analyzed how overall richness and richness of different plant functional groups (trees, shrubs, herbs, herbaceous species typically growing in forests and herbaceous light-demanding species) responded to the different management types. On average, plant species richness was 13% higher in age-class than in unmanaged forests, and did not differ between deciduous age-class and selection forests. In age-class forests of the Schwäbische Alb and Hainich-Dün, coniferous stands had higher species richness than deciduous stands. Among age-class forests, older stands with large quantities of standing biomass were slightly poorer in shrub and light-demanding herb species than younger stands. Among deciduous forests, the richness of herbaceous forest species was generally lower in unmanaged than in managed forests, and it was even 20% lower in unmanaged than in selection forests in Hainich-Dün. Overall, these findings show that disturbances by management generally increase plant species richness. This suggests that total plant species richness is not suited as an indicator for the conservation status of forests, but rather indicates disturbances.     

南方红壤区3种典型森林恢复方式对植物群落多样性的影响

合理的森林恢复方式能提高植物多样性,进而提高生态系统服务功能.在我国南方红壤区研究了3种典型森林恢复方式(引进种恢复的湿地松(Pinus elliottii)人工林本地种恢复的马尾松(Pinus massoniana)人工林和自然恢复的天然次生林)的植物区系构成和植物群落多样性.结果表明:(1)湿地松人工林有155种植物,隶属66科118属,马尾松人工林有137种植物,隶属59科97属;天然次生林有226种植物,隶属86科160属,3种森林恢复方式的乔木层、灌木层和草本层的优势科属明显不同,马尾松人工林的优势物种和天然次生林更相似;(2)天然次生林的植物区系基本构成、植物区系类型种类高于马尾松人工林和湿地松人工林,并且天然次生林的温带成分比例高于湿地松人工林;(3)恢复方式对植物群落的多样性指数有显著影响,天然次生林的物种丰富度、辛普森指数明显高于马尾松人工林和湿地松人工林,两种人工林之间差异不显著;(4)3种森林恢复方式的植物群落结构存在显著差异,相比湿地松人工林,马尾松人工林的植物群落组成与天然次生林更相似.总之,自然恢复的天然次生林植物群落多样性高于人工恢复的马尾松人工林和湿地松人工林,本地种马尾松人工林在维持区域植物群落结构功能上优于引进种湿地松人工林.     

Separating forest continuity from tree age effects on plant diversity in the ground and epiphyte vegetation of a Central European mountain spruce forest

Forest continuity has been identified as an important factor influencing the structure and diversity of forest vegetation. Primary forests with centuries of continuity are usually more diverse than young secondary forests as forest are colonized only slowly and because the former are richer in old tree individuals. In the present study, performed in unmanaged high-elevation spruce forests of the Harz Mountains, Germany, we had the unique opportunity to separate the effects of forest continuity and tree age on plant diversity. We compared an old-growth spruce forest with century-long habitat continuity with an adjacent secondary spruce forest, which had naturally established on a former bog after 1796 when peat exploitation halted. Comparative analysis of the ground and epiphyte vegetation showed that the plant diversity of the old-growth forest was not higher than that of the secondary forest with a similar tree age of >200 years. Our results suggest that a period of >200 years was sufficient for the secondary forest to be colonized by the whole regional species pool of herbaceous and cryptogam forest plants and epiphytes. Therefore, it is likely that habitat structure, including the presence of old and decaying trees, was more important for determining plant diversity than the independent effect of forest continuity. Our results are probably not transferrable to spruce forests younger than 200 years and highly fragmented woodlands with long distances between new stands and old-growth forests that serve as diaspore sources. In addition, our results might be not transferable to remote areas without notable air pollution, as the epiphyte vegetation of the study area was influenced by SO₂ pollution in the second half of the 20th century.     

Stand structure and natural regeneration of degraded forestland in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam

Vietnam experienced significant alterations of forest environments during the last half of the twentieth century, and reforestation efforts have increased since the 1990s. This study developed comparisons of naturally regenerated and plantation forestlands in northern Vietnam in order to gain a better understanding of reforestation options for the dual objectives of biodiversity and commercial tree production. Stand structure of secondary natural forest after logging and shifting cultivation were investigated at two study sites (Hoa Binh Province and Phu Tho Province). Natural regeneration of seedlings between the secondary natural forests and nearby mixed species plantations were measured and compared. The dominant tree species consisted of Aporosa villosa, Ficus racemosa, Machilus bonii and Vernicia montan at the Hoa Binh site and Cinnamomum parthenoxylum, Ormosia balabsae and Lithocarpus gigantophyllus at the Phu Tho site, which are mostly pioneer species. The secondary natural forests had higher abundance and diversity indices of seedlings than the mixed species plantations. Soil fertility of the secondary natural forests was better than that of the mixed species plantations (P < 0.05). An important finding is that, for the study sites examined, secondary natural forest resulted in more diverse and better-stocked forests than plantation forestry, implying that in areas where reforestation is undertaken the silvicultural potential of natural regeneration should not be underestimated.     

Ecology of pollination in a tropical Venezuelan savanna

Pollination modes ecology of a total of 164 plant species was evaluated according to habitats and plant life forms in the Venezuelan Central Plain. Frequency distribution of nine pollination modes showed that, at the community level bee pollination (38.6%) was dominant. Butterfly (13.9%), fly (12.7%), and wasp (10.8%) pollination were the second most frequent. Moth (6.2%) and wind (10.4%) pollination occurred with similar frequency, and the least common were bird (3.1%), beetle (2.3%) and bat (1.9%) pollination. There was a significant interaction effect indicating that pollination mode was affected by the type of habitat. Bee pollination was the most common pollination mode in all habitats with butterfly, fly and wasp pollination being secondary for forest and forest-savanna transition; and butterfly, wasp, wind and fly pollination being secondary for savanna. Wind, butterfly and fly pollination were found in disturbed areas as secondary pollination modes. Pollination modes were significantly associated and affected by life forms. Bee pollination was dominant in all life forms with wasp, butterfly and fly pollination being the secondary for trees, shrubs, and lianas; and butterfly and wind pollination being the secondary for herbaceous species. The number of pollination modes (richness) among life forms ranged between four and nine for epiphytes and perennial herbs respectively. The highest values of diversity indexes among life forms were found in trees and shrubs. The richness and diversity indices of pollination modes were statistically higher for more structured habitats, forest and forest-savanna transition, than herbaceous habitats, savanna and disturbed areas, which is associated with the highest values of diversity indexes in trees and shrubs. Equitability was higher for forest and disturbed areas than forest-savanna transition and savanna. The results of comparative richness, equitability, diversity indices, and the frequency distribution of pollination modes of 19 samples from tropical and temperate communities indicated that richness of pollination modes may be different between tropical and temperate communities. The proportion of each pollination mode suggests four grouping: (1) rain forests and their strata, (2) grassland savanna, and associated disturbed areas, (3) temperate communities, and (4) the most heterogeneous group, contained mostly neotropical communities, including the four habitats of the Venezuelan Central Plain. The frequency of pollination modes, richness, diversity and equitability of communities, habitats, successional stages, and vegetation strata varies with respect to geography, vegetation structure, and plant species richness.     

干扰对辽东山区次生林植物多样性的影响

依据林分距离居民区和一、二级道路的远近以及郁闭度与受害乔木株数百分比,将人为干扰和自然干扰各划分为低度干扰、中度干扰和高度干扰3个水平.在此基础上,调查分析了干扰对辽东山区次生林植物多样性的影响,初步探讨了人为干扰和自然干扰影响的差异.结果表明,在不考虑次生林类型的前提下,受中度水平人为干扰的次生林总体多样性高于其它两个水平,从低水平干扰到高水平干扰的Simpson 指数分别为0.95、0.96和0.92,Shannon-Wiener指数分别为3.60、3.77和3.36;乔木层多样性有随干扰水平提高而增加的趋势,灌木层和草本层的变化趋势与总体多样性相似;各次生林类型总体多样性随干扰水平的变化存在差异,且乔木层、灌木层和草本层的多样性变化在各次生林类型中未呈一致的趋势,其中灌木层和草本层受干扰影响较大;自然(雪/风)干扰发生近3年后,受到不同程度影响的桦木林总体多样性差异不大, Simpson 指数分别为0.91、0.91和0.92,Shannon-Wiener指数分别为2.30、2.93和2.89;随着干扰水平提高,乔木层和灌木层多样性呈增加趋势,草本层多样性则变化不大.