内蒙古上新世高特格地点的仓鼠化石(英文)

对历年来采自高特格地点3个不同层位的共227件仓鼠类标本进行了分类描述和研究,这些标本可以归入2属3种,分别为进步中华仓鼠Sinocricetus progressus,大中华仓鼠(新种)S.major sp.nov.和蒙古微仓鼠Nannocricetus mongolicus。作为内蒙古中部地区新近纪动物群序列中的最晚代表,上新世高特格动物群存在一些特有的进步的小哺乳动物种类,S.major新种就是仓鼠类中的一例。大中华仓鼠新种特征为:个体显著大,齿冠高,下臼齿发育有较发达的(假)下中脊,其中m1的下中脊指向前内方向,m2的假下中脊(或称下原尖后臂)前内向与下后尖后壁连接。古地磁的测定表明,Sinocricetus progressus和Nannocricetus mongolicus在高特格剖面上的年限大致为4.2～3.9Ma,S.major只出现于剖面下部,其年限约为4.2Ma.Sinocricetus和Nannocricetus两属目前主要发现于中国北方晚中新世早期至最晚上新世的地层中,它们可能都是中国特有的新近纪仓鼠。对内蒙古中部地区最晚中新世二登图和哈尔鄂博、早上新世比例克和高特格地点的材料对比表明,Sinocricetus牙齿特征可能存在如下演化趋势:M1-2原脊I发育频率逐渐增高,M1-2的中脊与后尖前壁连接的程度逐渐增高,m1下前脊从双支分别与唇舌两侧下前边小尖连接向单支与唇侧下前边小尖连接转变,以及m2的假下中脊与下后尖后壁发生连接的频率逐渐增高。Nannocricetus在其演化中牙齿形态变化可能存在的趋势是:M1-2的牙根数由3增加到4,M1-2的后小脊II逐渐退化消失,m1的下前边尖逐渐收缩变窄和分裂,M2-3和m2-3的舌侧(下)前边脊逐渐退化消失,及m3下中脊出现频率逐渐增高。     

华北上新世大型鼩鼱化石Lunanosorex(哺乳动物纲,食虫目)

记述了河南确山后胥山晚上新世裂隙堆积物中新发现的鲁南鼩鼱Lunanosorex材料;重新观察了内蒙古比例克的李氏鲁南鼩鼱相似种Lunanosorex cf.L.lii标本。确山鲁南鼩鼱的形态特征与属型种L.lii较为一致,其较丰富的材料为了解该种的形态变异及特征补充提供了新的依据。内蒙古比例克的鲁南鼩鼱与属型种有较大的差异,被确定为新种L.qiuisp.nov.。根据比例克新种和确山新材料的研究,修订了Lunanosorex的属征和Beremendiini族征的定义,探讨了鲁南鼩鼱与东亚地区发现的其他牙齿染色的大型鼩鼱类之间的系统关系,阐证了日本中更新世的Shikamainosorex与北美上新世的Paracryptotis关系不大,不应归入Blarrinini族,而与亚洲大陆的鲁南鼩鼱有较近的亲缘关系,应当属于Beremendiini族。     

云南禄丰古猿地点Ursinae indet.化石性质的再讨论

1984年和1985年本文后一作者曾将禄丰古猿化石地点的一种小型而冠面无强烈褶皱的熊类化石归人Ursinae indet.现经重新研究,认为它应属Ursavus。鉴于它和Utsavus已知其他种的区别,订一新种U.sylvestris。它与欧洲的U.ehrenbetgi大体处在同一进化水平上。在原认为是Ursinae indet.的材料中,有两枚M_1,其特点与U.sylvestris者不同,暂以Ursavus sp.记之。     

THE ARAGONIAN VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF XIACAOWAN,JIANGSU──9. OCHOTONIDAE (LAGOMORPHA, MAMMALIA)

ochotonidaeThomas,l897AlloptoxDaw8on,l96lAlloptoxsihongensis8p.nov.(Figs.lAi6)HolotypeArightp3,V884o.7.Paratypesldp3,V884o.l;3p3,V884o.3,5,6;1p4,V884O.9;2ml/m2,V884o.l2,16;Afragmentof1eftmandiblewithp4,V884O.l8;thefrontpartofrightman-diblewithi2,p3-p4,V884o.24;2I2,V884O.21,23;4P3,V884O-31-33,56;P4,V884o.27;AfragmentofleftupperjawwithP3-M1,V884o-57;2M2,V884o.5o,53.TypelocalityS0nglinzhuang,Sih0ngC0unty,Jiangsu.StratumtypicumandageXiaca0wanFormation,.EarIyMi0cene(Shan-wangian),eq…     

禄丰古猿地点的兔形目化石

Alilepus longisinuosus sp.nov.系禄丰古猿动物群兔形目的唯一代表。基于自1976年以来采集到的69件标本,本文对新种的特征,特别是在种内的变异作了描述;并将其与华北及欧洲其它地点的翼兔作了比较。研究结果表明,可能由Gobiolagus或Ordolagus进化而来的Alilepus,在中新世晚期有较大的分化;禄丰的翼兔似乎代表该属向南亚现生的Nesolagus进化的一种。     

A NEW SPECIES OF ALLIGATOR FROM SHANWANG, SHANDONG

<正> A crocodilian specimen is described and identified, as a new species of Alligalor in present paper. The material was collected from the Middle Member of the Shanwang Formation, Linqu County, Shandong Province by the members of the Linqu Paleontological Museum in 1984. Nearly 40 taxa of fossil vertebrates, including fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, have been reproted from this Miocene locality since 1930's (Yian et al. 1983, Qiu et al. 1986). Within the vertebrate fauna the fossil mammals and fishes are very rich, but the other are relatively rare. This is the first record of a crocodilan from the diatomaceous quarry of Shanwang.     

记山东曲阜中始新世晚期─雷兽新属种

描述了产自山东曲阜黄庄动物群-雷兽新材料：周氏曲阜雷兽（新属、新种）Qufutitanzhouigen．etspnov。该材料是山东省内首次确定的需兽属种报道,它与Metatelmatherium属相似但较之进步,是已知后沼雷兽亚科（Metatelmatheriinae）在沙拉木仑期的唯一代表,与中国沙拉木仑期特有的鼻雷兽属（Rhinotitan）差别较大。     

柴达木盆地新近纪犀科化石新材料

近年来在青海柴达木盆地中新世地层内新发现的犀科化石 ,经研究有 3属 3种 ,即Ac erorhinustsaidamensis,Hispanotheriummatritense和Dicerorhinusringstromi,其中后两个种是在这一地区的初次报道。新材料虽较破碎 ,但其发现扩大了H .matritense和D .ringstromi的地理分布范围。更重要的是 ,柴达木动物群原来被确定为晚中新世早期 ,其主要依据是安琪马动物群的残余分子与三趾马动物群共生 ,而此次的发现证明这一地区确实有含H .matritense的中中新世动物群存在。D .ringstromi的发现还证明柴达木盆地有相当于保德动物群时代的晚中新世晚期沉积。     

中国新近系山旺阶建阶研究新进展

中国新近系的年代地层单位山旺阶与哺乳动物分期的山旺期相对应 ,其定义的生物带相当于欧洲的MN3～MN5 ,下界年龄应为 2 0 .5Ma。按照现代地层学的建阶原则对山东临朐的山旺剖面进行综合研究 ,得出山旺组的底界年龄约为 1 8Ma ,山旺动物群的地质时代也由原来认为的与欧洲MN5相当提早到与MN4相当。尽管如此 ,研究结果证实山旺组仍然缺失定义的山旺阶下部沉积和MN3动物群。《国际地层指南》提倡将重点放在选择下界的界线层型来确定年代地层单位 ,其上界应该由后续单位的下界来确定。甘肃兰州盆地和秦安地区有发育的渐新世至中新世沉积出露 ,并有山旺阶最底部的化石和适合于作古地磁分析的沉积物 ,因此 ,是有可能建立山旺阶下界界线层型的有利地点。     

对拟蹶鼠属(Sminthoides Schlosser)的重新认识

记述了对中国化石拟蹶鼠属SminthoidesSchlosser,1 92 4的材料和现生三趾跳鼠属DipusZimmermann,1 780标本的观察。牙齿的比较研究表明 ,Sminthoides和ScirtodipusSavinov ,1 970与Dipus大小接近、形态构造相似 ,两者均为Dipus的晚出异名 ,建议予以废弃。同时修订了Dipus的属征 ,确定了其化石的归属种。Dipus属自晚中新世出现以来 ,其演化似乎相当稳定 ,地理分布也没有发生过明显的改变。     

Macrobenthic turnover in the subtidal Wadden Sea: The Norderaue revisited after 60 years

The benthic macrofauna of a tidal inlet in the northern Wadden Sea was sampled with grab and dredge in 1924–1926 (Hagmeier & Kändler, 1927), and again in 1985 and 1986. The comparison of surveys from consecutive years, as well as observations from an adjacent area, are employed to separate spurious from real long-term changes. Several epibenthic species of the 1920s became rare or absent in the 1980s. Oyster beds and reefs of the colonial polychaeteSabellaria spinulosa have disappeared completely. On the other hand, mussel beds have extended their range, and the abundance of mobile infauna has increased. The total number of species has remained approximately the same. Compared to surveys from consecutive years, the 60-year interval has doubled the species turnover rate, and has decreased the similarity in relative abundances by one third. The observed losses are best explained by the impact of dredging and trawling on the benthic fauna, while gains seem to indicate coastal eutrophication.     

Books

Book reviewed in this article: Brown , B. T., Carotheks , S. W., & Johnson , R. R. 1987. Grand Canyon Birds. Brown , D. E. 1985. Arizona Wetlands and Waterfowl. Cheng , T.-H. (Zheng , Z.). 1986. Birds of the World: Latin, Chinese, and English. Feige , K.-D. 1986. Der Pirol. Pp. 216, 92 figures (many black-and-white photographs), 24 tables. Die Neue Brehm-Biicherei 578. Wittenberg Lutherstadt: A. Ziemsen Verlag. Fraga , R. & Narosky , S. 1985. Nidificacion de las Aves Argentinas (Formicariidae a Cinclidae). GWINNER, E. 1986. Circannual Rhythms: Endogenous Annual Clocks in the Organization of Seasonal Processes. Harwood , M. (ed.) 1985. Proceedings of Hawk Migration Conference IV. Pp. 393, various tables and figures. Hawk Migration Association of North America. Hilty , S. L. & Brown , W. L. 1986. A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Ito , J., Brown , L. & Kikkawa , J. 1987. Animal Societies: Theories and Facts. Kavanau , J. L. 1987. Lovebirds, Cockatiels, Budgerigars: Behavior and Evolution. Knystautas , A. J. V. & Sibnev , J. B. 1987. Die Vogelwelt Ussuriens. Lane , B. A. 1987. Shorebirds in Australia. MEDMARAVIS and Monbailliu X. (eds). 1986. Mediterranean Marine Avifauna: Population Studies and Conservation. Narosky , S., Fraga , R. &de la Pe～a , M. 1983. Nidificacion de las Aves Argentinas (Dendrocolaptidae y Furnariidae) Fraga , R. & Narosky , S. 1985. Nidificacion de las Aves Argentinas (Formicariidae a Cinclidae) Noval , A. 1986. Guia de las Aves de Asturias. O'Connor , R. J. & Shrubb , M. 1986. Farming and Birds. Paz , U. 1986. The Plants and Animals of the Land of Israel. Perrins , C. M. 1987. Collins New Generation Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe. Perry , K. 1987. The Irish Dipper. Ridley , M. (ed.) 1986. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Pheasants in Asia, Chiang Mai, Thailand. 26–28 January 1986. Rubenstein , D. I. & Wrangham , R. W. (eds) 1986. Ecological Aspects of Social Evolution: Birds and Mammals. Skutch , A. F. 1987. Helpers at Birds' Nests: a Worldwide Survey of Cooperative Breeding and Related Behavior. Solomonov , N. G. (ed.) 1987. Red Data Book of the Yakut ASSR: Rare and Endangered Species of Animals. (Russian.) Ulrich , T. J. 1984. Birds of the Northern Rockies. Wink , M. 1987. Die Vogel des Rheinlandes, III. Atlas zur Brutvogelverbreitung.     

柴达木盆地晚中新世三趾马化石

Bohlin描述的柴达木动物群中的三趾马材料非常少 ,仅能证明三趾马在这个地点的存在。近年来新的野外考察在这一地区发现了更多的三趾马化石材料 ,至少包括 3个种 ,即Hipparioncf.H .chiai、H .weihoense和H .teilhardi。H .cf.H .chiai和H .weihoense在柴达木盆地的发现进一步证实了晚中新世早期 (保德早期 )动物群在这个地区的存在。柴达木盆地的H .teilhardi基本上与H .cf.H .chiai和H .weihoense产自同一层位 ,其时代也应为保德早期。H .cf.H .chiai和H .weihoense在柴达木盆地的发现为该地区在晚中新世早期为草原型环境的判断提供了更多的证据。H .teilhardi更细长的远端肢骨也是对开阔环境的一种适应性状     

云南禄丰晚中新世的大熊猫祖先化石

本文对1981年以前和1983年在云南禄丰古猿产地发现的,为本文后一作者于1984年和1985年订为Ursavus depereti的化石材料进行了再研究。通过对标本的仔细观察及与有关属种的对比,作者将上述化石材料订为一新属新种Ailurarctos lufengensis gen.et sp.nov.。此种动物在形态特征和系统关系上介于Ursavus和Ailuropoda之间,它很可能代表了目前已知大熊猫类最早的祖先类型。     

Also Received

Andreev , A. V. & Kretchmar , A. V. (eds) 1986. Experimental Methods and Results of their Application in Northern Birds Studies. Blondel , J. & Frochot , B. (eds). 1987. Bird Census and Atlas Studies. Chatfield , J. 1987. F. W. Frohawk, his Life and Work. Davidson , I. H. 1986. Birds of Lapalala Wilderness, Waterberg, Transvaal, Southern Birds 13. Dendaletche , C. (ed.) 1987. Oiseaux des Pyrenees (1). Eai .es, T. 1986. Countryman's Memoirs. Edwards , E. P. 1986. A Coded Workbook of the Birds of the World Vol 2. Passerines. Eriksson , M. O. G. (ed.) 1987. Proceedings of the Fifth Nordic Ornithological Congress, 1985, Onsala, Sweden, 5–9 August, 1985. Freethy , R. 1987. Auks: An Ornithologist's Guide. Flegc , J. 1987. The Blue Tit. Ilyichev , V. D. (ed.) 1986. Contemporary Problems of Ornithology. Proc. All-Union Orn. Soc. 1. (Russian.) Instituto de Investigaçao Científica Tropical. 1986. Anuario de Actividades 1986. Kinzelbach , R. & Kasparek , M. (eds) 1986. Zoology in the Middle East. Mees , G. F. 1986. A List of the Birds Recorded from Bangka Island, Indonesia. Muller , Y. 1985. L'Avifaune Forestiere Nicheuse Des Vosges du Nord sa Place dans le Contexte Medio-europeen. National Geographic Society . 1987. Field Guide to the Birds of North America. Roche , J. 1986. Les Oiseaux Nicheurs des Cours d'Eau du Bassin de la Saône. Étude Ecologique des Peuplements le long du Gradient Amont-aval. Snow , D. W. 1987. The Blackbird. Sokolov , V. E. & Dobrvnina , I. N. (eds) 1987. Ringing and Marking of Animals in the Years 1983–1984. Sultanov , F. F. (ed.) 1979. Proc. Acad. Sci. Turkmen. SSR Ser. Biol. Sci. (4). Syroechkovskiy , E. V. (ed.) 1987. Ecology and Migrations of Swans in the USSR. (Russian.) Taylor , M. 1987. The Birds of Sheringham. Tomkies , M. 1987. On Wing and Wild Water. Weaver , P. 1987. The Lapwing. Zwinger , A. 1986. John Xantus, the Fort Tejon Letters 1857–1859.     

柴达木盆地西部红柳泉地区晚侏罗世介形类动物群及其古环境意义

在柴达木盆地红柳泉地区红探2井红水沟组中识别出介形类化石3属9种(含2个未定种):Cetacella qaidamensis Li et Yang, 1983、Djungarica tracta Li et Yang, 1983、Djungarica sp.、Alicenula incurva (Bate, 1967)、?A.longicylindrica (Qi, 1985)、A. paramagna (Li et Yang, 1983)、A. maanshanensis (Hou et al., 2002)、A. jinhuaensis (Li,1984)、Alicenula sp.。通过介形类化石生物地层对比,明确红水沟组的沉积时代为晚侏罗世。红水沟组介形类动物群指示晚侏罗世柴达木地区发育淡水湖泊、河流以及季节性的小水塘。     

Books

Andrews , J.R.H. 1987. The Southern Ark. Zoological Discovery in New Zealand 1769–1900. Andru?aitis , G. (ed.) 1985. Red Data Book of the Latvian SSR: Rare and Endangered Species of Animals and Plants. (Latvian and Russian.) Bakeman , R. & Gottman , J. 1986. Observing Interaction: An Introduction to Sequential Analysis. Bergmann , H.-H. 1987. Die Biologie des Vogels. Boag , D. & Alexander , M. 1986. The Atlantic Puffin. Boehme , R.L., Zhordania , R.G. & Kuznetsov , A.A. 1987. The Birds of Georgia. Bond , J. 198S. Birds of the West Indies. Buden , D.W. 1987. The Birds of the Southern Bahamas. Clews , B., Heryet , A. & Trodd , P. 1987. Where to Watch Birds in Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire & Oxfordshire. Croxall , J.P. (ed.) 1987. Seabirds: Feeding Ecology and Role in Marine Ecosystems. Dubois , P.J. &Mahéo , R. 1986. Limicoles Nicheurs de France. Eriksson , M.O.G. (ed.) 1987. Proceedings of the Fifth Nordic Ornithological Congress, 1985. Onsala, Sweden, 5–9 August, 1985. Gillham , E. 1987. Tufted Ducks in a Royal Park. Hails , C. 1987. Birds of Singapore. Illustrated by Frank Jarvis. Hill , D.J. (ed.) 1987. Breeding and Management in Birds of Prey. Hill , M. & Langsbury , G. 1987. A Field Guide to Photographing Birds in Britain and Western Europe. Hudson , P.J. & Lovel , T.W.I, (eds). 1986. 3rd International Grouse Symposium, York, 1984. Huntingford , F.A. & Turner , A.K. 1987. Animal Conflict. Isler , M.L. & Isler , P.R. 1987. The Tanagers: Natural History, Distribution, and Identification. Johnsgard , P.A. 1986. Birds of the Rocky Mountains. Johnston , R.F. (ed.) 1986. Current Ornithology Kenward , R.E. 1987. Wildlife Radio Tagging: Equipment, Field Techniques and Data Analysis. Lobkov , E.G. 1986. The Breeding Birds of Kamchatka. Peklo , A.M. 1987. The Flycatchers of the USSR. Pratt , H.D., Bruner , P.L. & Berrett , G. 1987. A Field Guide to the Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Potapov , R.L. & Flint , V.E. (eds) 1987. The Birds of the USSR: Galliformes, Gruiformes. Orians , G. Blackbirds of the Americas. Ridley , M. (ed.) 1986. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Pheasants in Asia, Chiang Mai, Thailand, January 26–28 1986. Stephens , D.W. & Krebs , J.R. 1987. Foraging Theory. Taylor , D., Wheatly , J. & Prater , T. 1987. Where to Watch Birds in Kent, Surrey and Sussex. Whitmore , T.C. & Prance , G.T. (eds.) 1987. Biogeography and Quaternary History of Tropical America. Wink , M. 1987. Die Vögel des Rheinlandes, III. Atlas zur Brutvogelverbreitung.     

Mating Costs versus Parental Investment: A Reply to Gwynne

Dewsbury, D. A., ed. (1985): Foundations of comparative psychology (Zur Geschichte der vergleichenden Psychologie). Benchmark Papers in Behavior Series. Toates, F. (1986): Motivational systems (Antriebe). Le Magnen, J. (1986): Hunger. Rosenblatt, J. S., C. Beer, M.-C. Busnel, & P. J. B. Slater, eds. (1985): Advances in the study of behavior. Dickerson, J. W. T., & H. McGurk, eds. (1982): Brain and behavioural development. Interdisciplinary perspectives on structure and function (Gehirn und Verhaltensentwicklung). Bisping, R. (1985): Gedächtnisübertragung bei Goldfischen. Experimentelle Untersuchungen in der “shuttle-box” mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Problems der Reizspezifität unter einer Rot-Grün-Diskriminationsbedingung (Memory transfer in goldfish). Nachtigall, W. (1984): Erfinderin Natur: Konstruktionen der belebten Welt (Natural constructions). Rasch und Röhring Verlag, Hamburg und Zürich.     

FOSSIL TREE SHREWS FROM THE EOCENE HETAOYUAN FORMATION OF XICHUAN, HENAN

<正> Knowledge of definite fossil treeshrews is still restricted to several Miocene localities of Indo-Pakistan subcontinent and China (Chopra, Kaul and Vasishat, 1979; Chopra and Vasishat, 1979; Jacobs, 1980; Qiu Zhuding, 1986). Some Paleogene taxa which were considered closely related to, or members of TuPaiidae have been removed from this family. However, a few isolated teeth close to the extant Dendrogale in dental characters were collected from the Eocene Hetaoyuan Formation of the Liguanqiao Basin by means of screen-washing technique in 1986. The purpose of this paper is to report the material.     

Predicting variability in catch-per-effort in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, trap and gillnet fisheries

The relationships between catch rates and fish abundance, hydrographic conditions and fishing effort, for Atlantic cod caught by trapnets (fixed gear) and gillnets (non-fixed gear) in the northern Gulf of St Lawrence have been quantified. Daily changes in trap catch rates were accounted for by changes in salinity, currents and mean local cod densities in 1985 ( R ²= 0.78), and predicted 1986 trap catch rate changes (by 1985 model) were correlated significantly with those observed ( r = 0.60, P < 0.05). In contrast, the daily changes in 1985 gillnet catch rates were determined by currents, maximum (not mean) local cod densities, and fishing effort (negative) ( R ²= 0.68), while predicted 1986 gillnet catch rates (by 1985 model) were significantly correlated with those observed ( r = 0.35, P < 0.05). Seasonal catchability coefficients of the traps were similar in 1985 and 1986, but for gillnets this index was an order of magnitude higher in 1986 than in 1985.