肉桂酸和咖啡酸对莴苣生长的化感作用及其机理研究

该研究以莴苣为受体植物,分析了酚酸类化感物质肉桂酸和咖啡酸对莴苣幼苗生长的活性效应及其作用机理,以揭示酚酸类化合物的化感作用机制。结果显示:(1)不同浓度的肉桂酸均对莴苣幼苗根长、茎长及鲜重产生明显的抑制作用,当肉桂酸的浓度为1 000μmol/L时其对莴苣幼苗根长、茎长及鲜重的抑制率分别达到了89%、74%和49%;咖啡酸对莴苣幼苗根长和茎长均表现出低浓度(0.1、1.0和10μmol/L)促进、高浓度(100和1 000μmol/L)抑制的活性作用模式,且高浓度下肉桂酸对幼苗生长的抑制作用明显强于咖啡酸。(2)较低浓度(0.1、1.0和10μmol/L)的肉桂酸和咖啡酸对莴苣根尖细胞活力均无明显影响;高浓度(100和1 000μmol/L)的肉桂酸和咖啡酸使莴苣根尖细胞的死亡数明显增加。(3)低浓度(0.1和1.0μmol/L)的肉桂酸和较低浓度(0.1、1.0和10μmol/L)的咖啡酸对莴苣根部的活性氧积累均无明显影响;当肉桂酸处理浓度大于10μmol/L及咖啡酸处理浓度大于100μmol/L时,随着浓度的升高莴苣根部活性氧的积累大量增加。研究表明,一定浓度的肉桂酸和咖啡酸均能够诱导莴苣体内活性氧的产生和积累,并降低幼苗根尖细胞的活力,进而影响莴苣幼苗的生长发育,且肉桂酸的生长抑制作用明显强于咖啡酸。     

二氢血根碱对莴苣幼苗根生长及其细胞分裂的影响

以莴苣幼苗为受体,用培养皿法检测从细果角茴香中分离得到的二氢血根碱对莴苣幼苗根生长和根毛发育的影响,并采用根尖细胞有丝分裂检测和单细胞凝胶电泳法对其可能的作用机制进行了初步研究.结果显示:较低浓度(25、50μmol/L)二氢血根碱能显著促进莴苣根的生长,较高浓度(200、300μmol/L)二氢血根碱显著抑制根的生长;二氢血根碱(10、20、30、40、50μmol/L)对莴苣幼苗根毛发育有极显著的抑制作用,且两者均表现了浓度依赖性.较低浓度(25、50μmol/L)二氢血根碱使根尖细胞有丝分裂指数显著增加,而对根尖细胞DNA没有显著影响;较高浓度(200、300μmol/L)二氢血根碱使根尖细胞有丝分裂指数显著下降,同时根尖细胞DNA受到显著性损伤.研究发现,低浓度的二氢血根碱对莴苣幼苗根生长的促进作用主要是由于根尖细胞有丝分裂活力增加所致;而高浓度二氢血根碱对莴苣幼苗根的抑制作用极可能是由于根尖细胞DNA受到损伤,使得细胞分裂活力降低,分裂期细胞数目减少,从而导致根生长受到抑制.     

8-甲氧基二氢血根碱化感潜能的评估

以莴苣幼苗为材料,检测了分离自细果角茴香的生物碱对莴苣幼苗根生长及根毛发育的影响。结果表明:50~200μmol·L-1浓度范围内,8-甲氧基二氢血根碱对莴苣幼苗根长显著抑制;10、20和30μmol·L-18-甲氧基二氢血根碱对莴苣幼苗根毛的长度和数量有显著的抑制作用,且抑制作用均表现了浓度依赖性。通过对莴苣根尖细胞有丝分裂研究发现,50μmol·L-1的8-甲氧基二氢血根碱能显著抑制根尖细胞的有丝分裂,而且莴苣幼苗净增值率与根尖细胞的有丝分裂之间呈正相关,证明8-甲氧基二氢血根碱主要通过抑制根尖细胞有丝分裂对莴苣根的生长产生影响。     

Sal B对肝癌细胞株HepG2的促凋亡作用

目的揭示丹酚酸B(Salvianolic Acid B,Sal B)对肝癌细胞株HepG2的杀伤作用。方法用不同浓度的丹酚酸B处理HepG2细胞,37℃培养24h。用RT-PCR检测促凋亡基因Bax的转录水平,并用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡的水平。结果①100μmol/L、50μmol/L、25μmol/L等浓度的Sal B处理都能使HepG2细胞促凋亡基因bax的转录水平升高,其中100μmol/L处理组最为明显。②不同浓度的Sal B处理都能使HepG2细胞发生凋亡,其中100μmol/L处理组最为明显。结论 Sal B有促进HepG2细胞凋亡的作用。     

25-羟基胆甾醇对鸡原始生殖细胞增殖的影响

本研究为了优化现有的鸡PGCs(原始生殖细胞)的培养系统,为今后研究生殖细胞发育与生产转基因鸡奠定良好基础。分别用含0μmol/L(对照组)、0.1μmol/L、0.5μmol/L、1.0μmol/L 25-羟基胆甾醇的培养液培养鸡PGCs,5 d后细胞计数检测其细胞增殖情况。与对照组(不添加25-羟基胆甾醇的鸡PGCs培养液)相比,0.1μmol/L处理组细胞数目没有显著差异,0.5μmol/L和1μmol/L处理组细胞数目均显著增加。对1.0μmol/L 25-羟基胆甾醇处理的鸡PGCs用RT-PCR、细胞免疫染色、细胞注射迁移的方法检测处理后的生物学特性,发现处理后的鸡PGCs仍然保持正常的生殖细胞生物学特性。本研究表明25-羟基胆甾醇能有效的促进鸡P GCs的增殖,且不改变鸡PGCs的生物学特性。     

二氧化硫衍生物对蚕豆幼苗生长和细胞周期的影响

研究SO₂体内衍生物NaHSO₃与Na₂SO₃(1:3,mmol/L)对蚕豆幼苗生长和细胞分裂的影响。结果表明:SO₂衍生物(浓度在0~30mmol/L)对幼苗生长的抑制作用具有剂量效应和时间效应关系,短时间处理效应不明显,处理48h后蚕豆幼根生长抑制,168h后幼苗根上部分长度(芽长)表现生长抑制,根长和芽长与处理浓度间呈负线性相关。SO₂衍生物处理12~36h,导致根尖细胞分裂指数下降,根尖中前期细胞减少,间期、后期和末期细胞增多,表明SO₂衍生物能够阻止细胞进入分裂态,延长分裂过程,这可能是SO₂衍生物处理组根尖细胞分裂指数降低,幼苗生长抑制的主要原因。     

锰胁迫对杠板归细胞超微结构的影响

锰是植物生长必需的微量元素,然而锰含量过高将影响酶活性、造成植物毒害,不同植物的锰耐性差异很大。杠板归(Polygonum perfoliatum L.)是一种生长在锰尾矿废弃地的耐性植物。通过温室培养,应用透射电子显微镜-能谱联用仪研究不同锰处理条件下(5,1000,10 000μmol/L)杠板归根、茎和叶细胞超微结构的变化和锰在叶细胞内可能的存在形式,结果表明:(1)生长介质锰含量为5μmol/L时,杠板归细胞超微结构未见异常;即使锰处理浓度为1000μmol/L时,杠板归根、茎和叶细胞结构依然完整,细胞器清晰可见,未见明显损伤;(2)当锰处理浓度为10000μmol/L时,杠板归细胞器未见缺失现象,但根细胞内线粒体数量减少,茎细胞叶绿体开始受损,叶细胞叶绿体膜结构出现破损,基粒片层结构减少,嗜锇颗粒数量明显减少;(3)与对照相比,1000μmol/L或10000μmol/L锰处理30 d,植物细胞内出现黑色团聚物。10000μmol/L锰处理条件下,杠板归叶细胞内和细胞间隙出现类似针状物质,这可能是杠板归体内锰积累和分布的形态之一。研究成果有助于阐明植物的锰耐性机制,为锰耐性植物筛选和废弃锰尾矿库生态重建提供科学参考。     

水稻幼苗根对羧基化多壁碳纳米管复合镉胁迫的生长生理响应

为了探究羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs-COOH)复合镉(Cd)胁迫对植物生长生理的影响,采用液体培养方法,以水稻(Oryza sativa L.)为受试作物,测定了0~12.0 mg·L^-1MWCNTs-COOH、10μmol·L-1Cd单一和复合处理水稻幼苗21天后根生长、氧化损伤、抗氧化酶活性及根中Cd含量的变化。结果表明:(1)MWCNTs-COOH单一处理,根长、根鲜重均低于对照,并表现出先升高后降低的趋势,当其浓度达到12.0 mg·L^-1时,较对照分别下降了9.3%和15.2%,且低于10μmol·L^-1Cd单一处理;而复合处理组水稻幼苗根长、根鲜重、干重皆低于对应的单一处理;(2)MWCNTs-COOH单一胁迫下,水稻根的超氧自由基(O2-·)明显积累,并伴随着超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高,3.0和6.0mg·L^-1MWCNTs-COOH处理下,SOD、POD活性最高;(3)MWCNTs-COOH复合Cd胁迫下,水稻根的SOD、POD活性大均低于单一处理组,而丙二醛(MDA)及羰基化蛋白含量均显著高于单一处理;(4)MWCNTs-COOH复合Cd后,水稻幼苗根尖细胞死亡加剧,其中,10μmol·L-1Cd与12.0 mg·L^-1MWCNTs-COOH复合处理的根尖根冠区细胞伊文斯蓝染色最深;(5)1.5~6.0 mg·L^-1MWCNTs-COOH复合Cd处理水稻幼苗后,其根中Cd含量呈上升趋势,且在6.0 mg·L^-1浓度处理时达到最大值303.30μg·g-1;高浓度MWCNTs-COOH及其与Cd的复合均对水稻根产生毒性效应。     

2,4-D和NAA在拟南芥细胞分裂和伸长中的作用分析

以拟南芥悬浮细胞体系为实验材料,研究了人工合成生长素NAA和2,4-D外源处理对细胞形态、细胞鲜重、细胞分裂指数等指标的影响.结果表明:2μmol/L 2,4-D可有效促进细胞分裂但不影响细胞伸长;同样浓度的NAA主要诱导细胞的伸长;细胞伸长和细胞分裂是2个不相偶联的过程;在2,4-D所诱导的细胞分裂过程中异三聚体G-蛋白α-亚基GPA1强表达.     

水杨酸对丹参培养细胞中迷迭香酸生物合成及其相关酶的影响

迷迭香酸(RA)是丹参中一种重要的酚酸类次生代谢物。为探讨水杨酸(SA)诱导子对丹参悬浮培养细胞中RA的生物合成及其相关酶的影响,考察了SA诱导子和酪氨酸氨基转移酶(TAT)的竞争性抑制剂(AOPP)对RA合成积累量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和TAT活性的影响。发现在培养的第6天用浓度为6.25 mg/L的SA处理后,PAL活性在诱导后4 h出现高峰,为对照组水平的124%;RA的积累量在诱导后8 h出现峰值(5.914±0.296)mg/g。用浓度为0.1μmol/L的AOPP处理,6 h后AOPP对TAT活性影响较小(与对照组无显著差异),但明显抑制了PAL活性(为对照组水平的44%),且在PAL活性明显降低的同时RA的积累量显著减少(4.709±0.204)mg/g。进一步用0.1μmol/L AOPP和6.25 mg/L SA共处理,AOPP对PAL的抑制作用可得到一定程度的缓解,且RA的积累量较AOPP单独处理的高。表明SA可以诱导丹参悬浮培养细胞中RA积累量的增加,且在RA合成过程中PAL的限速作用比TAT明显。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.