激光针灸理论与光剂量选择

激光针灸和传统针灸由于物理过程的差异其治疗机理不同。应用生物能量模型定量讨论激光热作用效应,利用几何光学模型解释光作用力的产生及其作用。根据光子中医理论和物理学基本原理,从理论角度探讨激光针灸作机理,并分析影响激光针灸作用的基本因素和最佳治疗光剂量。     

弱激光对大鼠胃酸分泌的调节及其作用机制的研究

针灸是中国医药学的重要组成部分 ,经络学说是针灸学的理论基础 ,目前其实质还难以定论。电针对胃运动的影响有增加、抑制及双向调整三方面的报道。医用激光照射穴位代替针刺治疗各科疾病 ,对其治疗原理的研究存在不同观点。激光对胃功能的调节近年也有不少报道 ,主要是激光穴位照射对胃电的双向调整作用。本实验从经络理论和现代神经生物学相结合的观点出发 ,分析了弱激光照射足三里穴对胃酸分泌调节的作用途径及其与神经递质之间的关系。1　材料与方法(1)材料　采用健康成年Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄性大鼠 ,体重 2 0 0～ 30 0 ｇ ,实验前禁食 2 4～…     

亚毫米波激光对生物活体作用机理的讨论

本文应用H.Froehlich生物玻色（Bose）凝聚理论,讨论微弱的亚毫米波激光辐射对生物活体作用的机理,并介绍相关的实验结果。     

激光对蛋白质分子作用产生的混沌态

在维一蛋白质分子链模型的基础上,引入了激光与蛋白质的相互作用项。用Ｍｅｉｎｉｋｏｖ方法讨论了激光对蛋白质分子上弧立子的作用发,现在弱激光的作用下蛋白质分子内的集体振荡可能进入混沌状态。结果表明弱激光能使蛋白质变性。     

激光生物学效应的研究

本文较系统地报道了CO_2激光,He-Ne激光的生物学作用,证明激光确能导致生物体内生理生化的变化,确能诱发染色体畸变和基因突变。作者认为激光作为育种上一种新的诱变因素是有根据的。     

激光对DNA作用机理的AFM研究

激光作用质粒DNA和小牛胸腺DNA产生损伤效应,导致DNA结构变化,利用一种改进的试样制备过程和纳米显微镜－－原子力显微镜（AFM）能够获得可重现的激光作用质粒DNA和小牛胸腺DNA的AFM图像,显示它们的特殊的表达结构,讨论了激光辐照导致DNA链断裂的作用机理。     

CO2激光辐照对酿酒酵母菌的诱变作用

应用红外ＣＯ２激光对甘蔗糖蜜工业性生产用酿酒酵母菌Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ ＡＳ２．１１８９进行辐照处理,经酵母菌糖蜜酒精发酵试验,发现红外ＣＯ２激光对酿酒酵母菌具有诱变作用,并初步筛选到决乙醇含量有较大变化的辐照变异菌株;同时,通过对这些辐照变异菌株的乙醇脱氢酶同工酶的比较分析,进一步证实了红外ＣＯ２激光对酿酒酵母酶的诱变作用。从而为工业上利用红外ＣＯ２激光对酿酒酵母菌进     

聚γ—谷氨酸生产菌地衣芽孢杆菌的He—Ne激光辐射效应

应用He Ne激光对聚γ 谷氨酸生产菌地衣芽孢杆菌BacilluslicheniformisATCC9945A进行辐射处理。研究了不同剂量激光辐射对菌体生长的影响 ,0 .48mw·cm-2 、15min的剂量利于菌体的诱变。 2种激光辐射方式中 ,“生理盐水菌悬液”辐射方式诱变效果较好。延滞期的菌体细胞对激光辐射最敏感 ,随着菌体培养进程 ,其激光辐射抗性逐渐增强。另外 ,发现菌体的芽孢对激光辐射不敏感。经聚γ 谷氨酸发酵试验和菌体扫描电镜观察 ,发现He Ne激光对地衣芽孢杆菌具有明显的生物刺激效应和诱变作用 ,并初步筛选到产聚γ 谷氨酸含量有较大变化的辐射变异菌株 ;同时 ,通过对变异菌株的细胞外、胞周间、细胞内三位区的PGA、RNA、DNA分析和发酵过程检测 ,进一步证实了He Ne激光对聚γ 谷氨酸生产菌地衣芽孢杆菌的诱变作用。     

多管藻R-藻红蛋白的激光光敏作用对体外培养的肿瘤细胞生存率的影响

用１００μｇ／ｍｌ藻红蛋白联合激光处理８１１３人口腔上皮癌细胞,ＭＴＴ比色法测定癌细胞存活率。实验表明,先用藻红蛋白处理再经波长为４８８ｎｍ,２５．６Ｊ／ｃｍ２氩离子激光辐照,细胞存活率为２５％;而单用藻红蛋白,单用激光组分别为４３％和１０７％。结果证明,藻红蛋白的光敏作用对体外培养的肿瘤细胞具有较强的杀伤作用。     

多管藻R—藻红蛋白的激光光敏作用对体外培养的肿瘤细胞生存…

用１００μｇ／ｍｌ藻红蛋白联合激光处理８１１３人口腔上皮癌细胞,ＭＴＴ比色法测定癌细胞存活率。实验表明,先用藻红蛋白处理再经波长为４８８ｎｍ,２５．６Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２氩离子激光辐照,细胞存活率为２５％;而单用藻红蛋白,单用激光组分别为４３％和１０７％。结果证明,藻红蛋白的光敏作用对体外培养的肿瘤细胞具有较强的杀伤作用。     

trans-Cyclohexanediamines Prevent Thermal Inactivation of Protein: Role of Hydrophobic and Electrostatic Interactions

Although solution additives prevent protein misfolding, the mechanism remains elusive. In this paper, we compare the preventive effects of trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine (1,2-CHDA) and trans-1,4-cyclohexanediamine (1,4-CHDA) on the heat-induced inactivation of ribonuclease A (RNase A) and lysozyme. These additives are more effective in preventing thermal inactivation of the proteins than guanidine (Gdn) and arginine (Arg). The results suggest two possibilities: (i) decrease in the hydrophobic interaction between unfolded protein molecules is indispensable for preventing protein association, and (ii) the electrostatic interaction between additives interacting with the hydrophobic residues of protein molecules plays an important role in preventing thermal inactivation of proteins.     

激光和生物组织的光热作用及临床应用

激光和生物组织的光热作用机理及在临床上的应用作了全面的论述,同时建立了一个定量描述光热作用的模型。讨论了光热作用中热产生,传导及热效应。     

Identification of thermostabilizing residues in a Bacillus alkaline cellulase by construction of chimeras from mesophilic and thermostable enzymes and site-directed mutagenesis

An alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. strain, KSM-64, produces a mesophilic alkaline endo-1,4-beta-glucanase that is suitable for use in detergents. The deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme showed very high homology to that of a thermostable alkaline enzyme from alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. strain KSM-S237. Analysis of chimeric enzymes produced from the genes encoding the mesophilic and thermostable enzymes suggested that the lysine residues at positions 137, 179, and 194 are responsible for their thermal stabilization. Replacing the corresponding Glu137, Asn179, and/or Asp194 with lysine by site-directed mutagenesis made the mesophilic enzyme more thermostable. Analyses of the hydrophilicity of deduced amino acid sequences and isoelectric focusing of the modified enzymes suggested that these three specific lysine residues and their replacements are all located on the surface of the enzyme molecule. This fact further suggested that specific ionic interaction is involved in the thermal stabilization of the enzyme.     

Theoretical study of volume changes associated with the helix-coil transition of an alanine-rich peptide in aqueous solution

The changes in the partial molar volume (PMV) associated with the conformational transition of an alanine-rich peptide AK16 from the alpha-helix structure to various random coil structures are calculated by the three-dimensional interaction site model (3D-RISM) theory coupled with the Kirkwood-Buff theory. The volume change is analyzed by decomposing it into contributions from geometry and hydration: the changes in the van der Waals, void, thermal, and interaction volume. The total change in the PMV is positive. This is primarily due to the growth of void space within the peptide, which is canceled in part by the volume reduction resulting from the increase in the electrostatic interaction between the peptide and water molecules. The changes in the void and thermal volume of the coil structures are widely distributed and tend to compensate each other. Additionally, the relations between the hydration volume components and the surface properties are investigated. We categorize coil structures into extended coils with the PMV smaller than helix and general coils with the PMV larger than helix. The pressure therefore can both stabilize and destabilize the coil structures. The latter seems to be a more proper model of random coil structures of the peptide.     

Promising insights into the kosmotropic effect of magnetic nanoparticles on proteins: The pivotal role of protein corona formation

Increasing concerns about biosafety of nanoparticles (NPs) has raised the need for detailed knowledge of NP interactions with biological molecules especially proteins. Herein, the concentration-dependent effect of magnetic NPs (MNPs) on bovine serum albumin and hen egg white lysozyme was explored. The X-ray diffraction patterns, zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering measurements together with scanning electron microscopy images were employed to characterize MNPs synthesized through coprecipitation method. Then, we studied the behavior of two model proteins with different surface charges and structural properties on interaction with Fe₃O₄. A thorough investigation of protein–MNP interaction by the help of intrinsic fluorescence at different experimental conditions revealed that affinity of proteins for MNPs is strongly affected by the similarity of protein and MNP surface charges. MNPs exerted structure-making kosmotropic effect on both proteins under a concentration threshold; however, binding strength was found to determine the extent of stabilizing effect as well as magnitude of the concentration threshold. Circular dichroism spectra showed that proteins with less resistance to conformational deformations are more prone to secondary structure changes upon adsorption on MNPs. By screening thermal aggregation of proteins in the presence of Fe₃O₄, it was also found that like chemical stability, thermal stability is influenced to a higher extent in more strongly bound proteins. Overall, this report not only provides an integrated picture of protein–MNP interaction but also sheds light on the molecular mechanism underling this process.     

Testing the facilitation-competition paradigm under the stress-gradient hypothesis: decoupling multiple stress factors

While the facilitation-competition paradigm under the stress-gradient hypothesis has received recent attention, its rigorous testing is yet to be explored. Most of the studies have considered a switch in the net interactions from competition to facilitation with increasing environmental stress as primary evidence supporting the hypothesis, though few studies examined changes in interaction along a full range of a stress gradient. Here, we have conceptualized possible variations in the patterns of change in interaction strength along such gradient. Based on this, we empirically evaluated the temporal shift in the interaction between two marine sessile animals, goose barnacles (Capitulum mitella) and mussels (Septifer virgatus), under multiple stress factors. The net effect of goose barnacles on mussel survivorship was positively related to the total stress gradient encompassing two stress factors, physical disturbance and thermal stress, while no negative value occurred even under mild conditions. When the two stress factors were treated separately, however, the net effect demonstrated apparently different patterns: monotonic increase with physical disturbance versus a quasi-asymptotic pattern (no change over a wide range) with thermal stress. These variable situations have not previously been recognized in this discipline, and the present study emphasizes the importance of an integrative and mechanistic approach to testing and deciphering the facilitation-competition paradigm.     

Thermal properties of young red blood cells are indicative of an age-dependent regulation of membrane-skeleton interaction

The effects of red blood cell (RBC) age on membrane thermal properties have been investigated by using a 16-nitroxide stearic acid spin probe. We detected in unfractionated and most dense cells (2% fraction of circulating cells) a thermal transition at 40 degrees C that in young cells (1% fraction) was lowered at 33-35 degrees C. Spectrin seems to be directly involved in the transition detected in both young and unfractionated cells, as showed by the disappearance of the breaks after low salt extraction of spectrin. A further indication for a role of spectrin in this transition comes from its characteristic thermal unfolding above 40 degrees C. However, young cells did not show changes either in the thermal unfolding of spectrin or in the distribution of spectrin dimer, tetramer, and high oligomeric forms. These data rule out that spectrin of young RBC is modified in its thermal properties and indicate that young cells may have a different spectrin-membrane interaction. Treatment of unfractionated ghosts with an antibody specific for a fragment of the 10K domain of protein 4.1, which is fully competent for the spectrin-actin binding, produced an evident lowering of the transition temperature. The same antibody did not affect the thermal transition of young ghosts. Our results suggest that spectrin-membrane interactions may be regulated during RBC lifespan.     

人类蛋白质相互作用组

高通量酵母双杂交与免疫亲和纯化技术的快速发展和日臻成熟,使得在蛋白质组水平上大规模地研究蛋白质之间的相互作用成为可能。目前,人类蛋白质互作网络在细胞、组织、器官乃至整个个体水平的研究已经陆续展开。蛋白质互作网络中蛋白质数量也由少数几个向整个蛋白质组扩展。同时,功能、疾病、生态等相关的蛋白质互作网络研究也取得了一定的成果。然而,人类的蛋白质互作网络研究正面临着一些问题和挑战。本文综述了人类蛋白质互作网络的研究方法、研究进展以及面临的挑战,同时指出了人类蛋白质互作网络研究的方向和目标。     

水热积指数的估算及其在中国植被与气候关系研究中的应用

试图利用大气年平均气温、年降水量、可能蒸散和土壤水分平衡之间的关系建立一个水热积指数,并应用年平均气温、年土壤水分盈亏值和水热积指数三个气候变量来限定植物群落组合,构成一个圆形的生命-气候图式。根据全国689个标准气象台站的气候资料,计算了中国8个植被地带和26个亚地带的年平均气温、年土壤水分盈亏和水热积指数,绘制了各气候指标在中国的分布图及散点图,较好表现了中国各植被类型与气候指标的关系和格局,包括寒温带针叶林、冷温带针阔叶混交林、暖温带落叶阔叶林、亚热带常绿阔叶林、热带雨林和季雨林、温带草原、温带荒漠、青藏高原高寒植被,并得到了中国各植被地带的气候指标范围及界限。通过分析可以看出,年平均气温的等值线较好地反映了中国大陆的热量梯度,经度和纬度方向的区分均较明显;年土壤水分盈亏曲线的等值线则比较零乱;综合了热量和水分差异的水热积指数等值线与热量梯度和水分梯度均有一定的对应性,与植被类型的对应也较好。这是在宏观尺度上进行的植被与气候关系研究的一种尝试。