Histological and histochemical aspects of the mucosa of the nasal conchae in the zebu (Bos indicus).

In various respiratory areas of the mucosa of the nasal conchae of the zebu (Bos indicus) there is a quantitative variation of goblet cells. The glands are tubular or tubulo-alveolar, having morphologically serous and mucous cells. The excretory ducts are formed by non-secreting cells. The goblet cells and glands elaborate a glycoprotein. The carbohydrate portion is probably an association of neutral mucopolysaccharides, sulphated acid mucopolysacchardies and sialic acid and its proteic portion contains alpha-amino radicals. Tryptophan- and tyrosine-rich proteins are demonstrated only in the glandular secretion.     

Morphology of the nasal fossae and associated structures of the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

The hamster nasal cavity consists of vestibular, non-olfactory and olfactory portions. Much of the non-olfactory nasal cavity surface is lined by cuboidal, stratified cuboidal, and low columnar epithelia, devoid of cilia. Goblet cells and ciliated respiratory epithelium are present over only a small portion of the nasal cavity surface. The largest glandular masses in the hamster nose are the maxillary recess glands, the vomeronasal glands and the lateral nasal gland 1; these three glands contain neutral mucopolysaccharides (PAS-positive). Other nasal glands contain both acidic and neutral mucopolysaccharides; the staining reaction for acidic mucopolysaccharide is stronger in goblet cells and olfactory glands than in the other nasal glands. The ducts which open into the nasal vestibule are the excretory ducts of compound tubuloacinar serous glands. The one major PAS-positive gland whose duct opens into the nasal vestibule is the lateral nasal gland 1. The ducts of the compound tubuloacinar vomeronasal glands open into the lumen of the vomeronasal organ, which is connected to the ventral nasal meatus by means of the vomeronasal duct. The ducts of the branched tubuloacinar maxillary recess glands open into the maxillary recess. Few ducts open into the caudal half of the nasal cavity.     

Histochemistry of the utero-vaginal junction with special reference to the sperm-host glands in the oviduct of the domestic duck.

The "utero-vaginal junction" that connects the uterus and vagina of duck oviduct differs histologically and histochemically from the adjacent zones. The region is characterised by low, somewhat longitudinally arranged mucosal folds, lined by tall columner cilliated cells with apical nuclei alternating with mucous secreting goblet cells containing basal nuclei. Within the propria of the mucosa there are numerous tubular glands--the sperm host glands--which are responsible for sperm storage after copulation. The goblet cells of the utero-vaginal junction contain an admixture of neutral, sulfated and nonsulfated acid mucopolysaccharides, while the sperm host glands are devoid of any mucopolysaccharide and secrete complex lipoidal materials and exhibit intense acid phosphatase activity. The functional significance of the secretory materials of the sperm host glands have been discussed in the light of sperm release mechanism.     

Histology and mucosubstance histochemistry of ferret lingual glands.

The histology and mucosubstance histochemistry of the ferret lingual glands were studied. Both serous and mucous minor salivary glands were present in the posterior part of the tongue. In serous glands, acinar cells and a very few cells of the excretory ducts contained granules which gave reactions for neutral mucopolysaccharides only. The mucous glands, including the duct system, contained mainly weakly sulphated acidic mucin, some neutral mucin but no carboxylated mucin. Occasional goblet cells were present in the excretory ducts of both serous and mucous glands. They contained weakly sulphated mucin.     

Morphological and histochemical investigations of esophagogastric tract of a lizard, Laudakia stellio (Agamidae, Linnaeus 1758)

Histological structures of esophagus and stomach tissue samples of Lacerta stellio have been studied, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) distribution has been histochemically determined. Histologically, esophagus and stomach of L. stellio are composed of four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis mucosae and serosa. Mucosa of esophagus is covered by simple columnar ciliated epithelium with many mucous secreting goblet cells and contains branched tubular glands.Stomach of L. stellio is composed of fundus (oral and aboral) and pylorus regions. Mucosa is covered by columnar epithelium. Fundic glands are branched tubular glands while pyloric glands are usually simple tubular glands. In both regions of the stomach, glands are subdivided into three areas as base, neck and isthmus. Both in the esophagus and stomach, muscular layer is in the form of smooth muscle having inner circular and outer longitudinal layers.According to the results obtained by Alcian Blue (pH 5.8)/Periodic Acid Schiff staining, stomach is similar to esophagus in that neutral mucins and hyaluronic acid (HA) are dominant in isthmus and neck regions of gland tissue of stomach. In the base of the stomach, only neutral mucins have been observed. HA has been observed to be dominant in all other regions of both stomach and esophagus, along with some but not much sulphated GAGs.     

金丝雀输卵管内贮精腺体的组织学及组织化学的研究

本文对产蛋期金丝雀（Ｓｅｒｉｎｕｓｃａｎａｒｉａ）输卵管内的贮精腺体进行了组织学和组织化学观察。结果表明,贮精腺体分布于子宫－阴道交接处阴道一侧长度为０．２１±０．０７ｃｍ区域（以下简称ＵＶ区域）内的固有膜中。该腺体为管状腺,少数具有分枝,由单层柱状上皮细胞构成。腺细胞顶部无纤毛,细胞核排列整齐,位于细胞的基部。贮精腺体呈ＰＡＳ阳性,糖原及酸性粘多糖的含量极微或未能检出。脂类含量较为丰富。酸性磷酸酶活性很高,不含碱性磷酸酶。在组织学及组织化学特征上,ＵＶ区域与毗邻的子宫及阴道区域存在明显差异,贮精腺体细胞与ＵＶ区域粘膜上皮细胞之间的差异也较为显著。     

Secretory glands of the snail tentacle and their relation to the olfactory organ (Mollusca,Gastropoda)

Summary The epidermis of the posterior tentacles of the terrestrial snail Achatina fulica was examined by histological and histochemial methods. There are seven types of unicellular glands in the tentacle skin: three mucocytes containing either acid mucopolysaccharides or neutral mucopolysaccharides, or both; two mucocytes containing glycoproteins; a lipid gland; and a protein gland. The mucocytes are considerably more abundant along the shaft of the tentacle than at the tip, where the olfactory organ is situated. Conversely, the lipid glands and the protein glands are found almost exclusively in the olfactory organ. With minor exceptions, none of the foregoing cell types is present in the skin of the head or the foot. These observations indicate a high degree of local specificity in secretory products, consistent with a ubiquitous and generous endowment of glands in the molluscan skin. Collar cells, described by previous authors in closely related species, were not observed.     

Histological and ultrastructural study of the digestive tract of rice field eel, Monopterus albus

The histological characteristics of the digestive tract and the ultrastructure of mucosal cells of the stomach and intestine of rice field eel, Monopterus albus, are described to provide a basis for future studies on its digestive physiology. The digestive tract of the rice field eel is a long and coiled tube composed of four layers: mucosa, lamina propria‐submucosa, muscularis and serosa. The pharynx and oesophagus mucosa is lined with a stratified epithelium. The stomach includes the cardiac and pyloric portions and the fundus. Many gastric pits are formed by invaginations of the mucosal layer and tubular gastric glands formed by the columnar cells in the fundus. The intestine is separated from the stomach by a loop valve and divided into a proximal portion and a distal portion. The proximal intestinal epithelium consists of columnar cells with microvilli towards the lumen and goblet cells. The enterocytes are joined at the apical surface by the junctional complex, including the evident desmosomas. Numerous lysosomes and some vesicles are evident in the upper cytoplasm of the cells, and a moderate amount of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes are scattered in the supranuclear cytoplasm. The epithelium becomes progressively thicker and the folds containing large numbers of goblet cells are fewer and shorter in the distal portion of the intestine. At the ultrastuctural level, the columnar cells of the tubular gastric glands have numerous clear vacuoles and channels. A moderate amount of pepsinogen granules are present in the stomach. The enterocytes of the intestinal mucosa display a moderate amount of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes, and long and regular microvilli.     

Histochemical characteristics of the secretory elements of the vermiform appendix following surgical trauma, circulatory hypoxia and immunization]

Histochemical methods were applied to determination of salomycin, dermatansulfate, keratosulfate and neutral mucopolysaccharides in the goblet cells of rabbit appendix. Sialomycin and neutral mucopolysaccharides were found in the glands. Immunization with human gamma globulin was followed in the productive phase of immunogenesis by a rise of the secretory activity of the mucosa of the appendix. An increase of the mucus formation in the appendix occurred after laparatomy and during the initial period of experimental appendicitis. However, surgical trauma caused an opposite effect against the background of increased functional activity of the secretory elements of the immunized animals, and during experimental appendicitis no activation of mucus formation was seen. The influence of the abovementioned factors on the secretory activity of the mucous membrane was accompanied by qualitative changes in the synthesized mucus.     

Ultrastructure of the cardiac and pyloric glands of the gastric mucosa of the South African hedgehog,Atelerix frontalis

The cardiac and pyloric glands in the gastric mucosa of the South African hedgehog, Atelerix frontalis, are described. The cardiac area of the stomach contains proper cardiac glands and lacks undifferentiated fundic glands. The cardiac glands are simple tubular, coiled, and lined with columnar cells ultrastructurally similar to those of the gastric surface epithelium. Secretory granules with varying electron densities fill the apical cytoplasm of these cells. In contrast to other mammals, these glands lack mucous neck cells. The neck of the pyloric glands contains only a single cell type, whereas the basal regions of these glands contain “light” and “dark” cells. The secretory granules in the “dark” cells and the pyloric neck cells have a moderate electron density and often contain an electron dense core. An electron-lucent cytoplasm with numerous polysomes is characteristic of the “light” cells. Some “light” cells contain electron-dense granules in the apical cytoplasm. The presence of only neutral mucins in the cardiac gland cells denotes the absence of mucous neck cells. The acidic mucins within the pyloric neck cells seem to indicate that these cells are mucous neck cells, whereas the neutral mucins within the basally located pyloric gland cells show at least a partial functional difference from the pyloric neck cells. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Some morphological and histochemical studies on the intestinal tract of the Brazilian sloth (Bradypus tridactylus)

The intestinal of the 3-toed sloth, Bradypus tridactylus, was studied macroscopically, with light microscope and with histochemical methods for mucosubstances. Macroscopically, the inner surface of the duodenum shows longitudinal and circular folds. There is no caecum, nor appendix. The large intestine consists of a short colon and a large rectal pouch, which has a thick wall. The mucosa of the small intestine has long leaf-shaped villi covered with columnar epithelium having a well developed striated border, and the goblet cells are scattered among the columnar cells. An association between neutral and acidic mucosubstances was detected in the goblet cells. The duodenal (Brunner's) glands are confined exclusively in the lamina propria of the duodenum. No Paneth cells were observed in the crypt lining. Argyrophil and argentaffin cells were found in the entire length of the intestine. The large intestine does not possess villi, but many goblet cells were observed in its mucosa.     

Old and sticky-adhesive mechanisms in the living fossil Nautilus pompilius (Mollusca, Cephalopoda)

Nautiloidea is the oldest group within the cephalopoda, and modern Nautilus differs much in its outer morphology from all other recent species; its external shell and pinhole camera eye are the most prominent distinguishing characters. A further unique feature of Nautilus within the cephalopods is the lack of suckers or hooks on the tentacles. Instead, the animals use adhesive structures present on the digital tentacles. Earlier studies focused on the general tentacle morphology and put little attention on the adhesive gland system. Our results show that the epithelial parts on the oral adhesive ridge contain three secretory cell types (columnar, goblet, and cell type 1) that differ in shape and granule size. In the non-adhesive aboral epithelium, two glandular cell types (cell types 2 and 3) are present; these were not mentioned in any earlier study and differ from the cells in the adhesive area. The secretory material of all glandular cell types consists mainly of neutral mucopolysaccharide units, whereas one cell type in the non-adhesive epithelium also reacts positive for acidic mucopolysaccharides. The present data indicate that the glue in Nautilus consists mainly of neutral mucopolysaccharides. The glue seems to be a viscous carbohydrate gel, as known from another cephalopod species. De-attachment is apparently effectuated mechanically, i.e., by muscle contraction of the adhesive ridges and tentacle retraction.     

A study of the histology and morphology of the digestive tract of the common eel (Anguilla anguilla)

The anatomy and morphology of the digestive tract of the eel was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. The oeosphagus showed complex longitudinal folding; stratified epithelium, columnar epithelium and goblet cells striated muscle fibres formed the thick muscular coat. The pneumatic duct entered the oesophagus anterior to the oesophagastric junction. The Y shaped stomach showed large well developed folds which decreased in size and number towards the pyloric sphincter. Columnar epithelium and gastric gland cells were present, the latter being absent from the pyloric region.
The intestine had a heavily thickened anterior region, signs of convulation were noted prior to the ileorectal valve. Intestinal folding showed a complex reticulate pattern with columnar epithelium and goblet cells present. The mucopolysaccharides were studied in the goblet and columnar cells throughout the regions of the gut. Lymphocytes and eosinophilic type cells were found in the connective tissue of the mucosa throughout the gut. The pancreas was a compact organ with few Islets of Langerhans, beta cells were peripherally situated and alpha cells centrally. The unilobular liver acted as a storage organ for oil and glycogen.     

Ultrastructural features of the gut in the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus

Electron-microscopic examinations of the sturgeon gut were performed. Oesophageal goblet cells were abundant in the stratified epithelium. The ultrastructural features of the secretory granules of the oesophageal and intestinal goblet cells were quite similar to those of other vertebrates. Lobules of multilocular adipose tissue were observed in the deep tunica propriasubmucosa of the oesophagus, in close association with vasculature and large fibre bundles of myelinated and unmyelinated axons. Similarly composed nerve fibre bundles were observed in the cardiac stomach, too. The presence of myelinated axons is an unusual feature in the vertebrate enteric nervous system. Cardiac and fundic zones of the stomach showed an epithelium with columnar ciliated and non-ciliated cells, the latter equipped with fuzzy microvilli. Cells lining the tubular gastric proper glands were markedly granulated. Intestinal superficial epithelium was columnar and contained ciliated, as well as non-ciliated and goblet cells. In the tunica propria all over the intestine, the presence and ultrastructure of granulated cells was in addition described. Intraepithelial granulated leukocytes were seen throughout the alimentary canal. Various types of endocrine cells were seen both in the stomach and in the intestine, the size of their granules was measured and their ultrastructure described and compared to that of mammalian cell types.     

The histochemistry of the clitellum of Tubifex tubifex (annelida: oligochaeta)

The histochemistry of the clitellar glands of Tubiflex tubiflex is reported, together with the ultrastructure of mature secretion units. The distribution and ultrastructure of mucous and granule cells are consistent with published accounts of tubificid citella, thus indicating an absence of intrageneric variation. Mucous cells contain homogenous electron lucent globules which are rich in neutral and acidic mucopolysaccharides and are non-reactive with techniques designed to reveal protein. Type I cells possess structured granules composed of tyrosine-containing basic protein and carboxylated acid mucopolysaccharides. The granules of type II cells are heterogenous and contain several 0.3--0.7 micrometer inclusions of acidic protein with identifiable tyrosine, tryptophan and cystine. The inclusions occur within a matrix composed of neutral mucopolysaccharides and carboxymucin. Type III cell granules possess 0.2--0.5 micrometer inclusions within an electron dense matrix and are rich in neutral and carboxylated acid mucopolysaccharides and basic protein containing tyrosine, tryptophane and cystine. Clitelar carboxymucins are characterized by their stability to beta-glucoronidase, hyaluronidase, neurominidase and acid hydrolysis. A pyridine-extractable lipid moiety within the clitellar secretions was not detected. The results are discussed in relation to cell function during cocoon deposition and, comparatively, with those documented for other oligochaete families.     

Duodenal microanatomy of the domestic cat (Felis catus)

Duodenal samples were taken from similar locations in six cats, processed, stained, and examined via light microscope. There were no prominent circular folds (plicae circulares) or stratum compactum (lamina subglandularis). The 1072 microns x 201 microns villi were covered by 46 microns high columnar epitheliocytes proximally which decreased in height (41 microns) distally and displayed a 1.1-1.7 microns striated border. Globular leukocytes, mononuclear cells, and twenty-eight goblet cells (exocrinocytus calciformis) per villus were seen. The intestinal gland (crypt of Lieberkuhn) epithelium was 20 microns tall and had a less distinct striated border. The 515 microns simple straight tubular intestinal gland layer displayed distal branching. Many mitotic figures, 12 goblet cells per gland, and occasional columnar to triangular cells with red cytoplasmic granules were seen. The thickness of the lamina propria mucosa (glandular portion) decreased from proximal to distal (563-465 microns). The lamina muscularis mucosa had two layers and decreased in thickness distally (71-28 microns). The proximal muscularis mucosa was penetrated by the ducts of submucosal (Brunner's, duodenal) glands. The tela submucosa decreased in thickness distally (593-192 microns) and contained submucosal glands with 11.5-75 microns lumina for the first 1.5-2.5 cm. However, submucosal glands could be found to a distance of 8 cm. The glandular epithelium ranged from 7.5-22.5 microns in height. Only one type of secretory cell was observed, with both mucous and serous properties. The tunica muscularis ranged from 190-1425 microns (median thickness of 557 microns) and had two layers.     

The structure of the gastric mucosa of the llamas (Lama guanocoe and Lama lamae). I. Forestomach]

The mucous membrane of the first and second compartments (ventral regions) as well as of the third compartment of Lama guanacoe and Lama lamae stomach shows tubular glands opening into pits. Below the surface epithelium blood capillaries of the fenestrated type form a regular network, each mesh of which surrounds a gastric pit. From a morphological point of view (thin section and freeze-fracture replicas) the columnar cells of the surface epithelium and those of the pits closest to the capillaries are largely similar to the epithelial cells of the rabbit gallbladder. This similarity suggests that at the level of the columnar cells sodium-dependent water reabsorption occurs. This reabsorption has already been demonstrated in the abovementioned compartments by physiological methods. The surface and foveolae epithelial cells as well as some cells of the tubular glands have a secretory function. Their secretory granules contain mucosubstances, as indicated by light-(PAS- and Alcian blue reactions) and electron microscopic (PA-TCH-Ag-reaction) histochemistry. The secretory granules originate from the Golgi complex which shows a positive histochemical reaction in its innermost sacculi at the electron microscope level. Endocrine cells (s. second part of this investigation) are rare. The mucosal membrane of each muscular lip separating the glandular sacs in the first compartment shows a stratified, not keratinized, squamous epithelium.     

用BC1抗体检测人正常腺上皮MUC1基因的表达

揭示ＭＵＣ１ 粘蛋白核心肽在人正常腺上皮中的表达模式。用ＢＣ１ 抗体和ＬＡＢ免疫组织化学方法检测组织中的ＭＵＣ１ 核粘蛋白的表达。ＭＵＣ１ 核粘蛋白主要分布于胃粘膜的上皮层和腺颈部细胞,基底部表达少, 呈均质状, 胃窦、胃底的表达无差异。十二指肠、空肠中的表达呈细颗粒状, 弥漫性, 位于核周; 杯状细胞和柱状细胞的表达类似,杯状细胞的粘液滴内未测得ＭＵＣ１ 基因核心肽。宫颈组织中的腺上皮核周及胆囊内存在ＭＵＣ１ 的表达。ＭＵＣ１ 核粘蛋白广泛地存在于人正常腺上皮细胞内, 但具异质性。     

Histochemical study on the tongue of Rana ridibunda (anuran amphibian)

A structural and histochemical study of the tongue in the Anuran Amphibian Rana ridibunda was carried out. Histochemical analysis of the filiform and fungiform papillae of the dorsal epithelium has shown a variety of cellular types which may be characterized cytochemically. All of them, except the goblet cells, show a remarkable amount of neutral mucins. The intensity of histochemical positive reaction for sulphomucins, sialomucins and protein is variable according to the cell type. Other histochemical reactions show that the lingual glands are rich in neutral mucins, but not in sialomucins. Histochemically in the component the basic proteins with sulphydryl groups are demonstrated. This sulphydryl groups are more abundant in the glands located in the deep regions.