The histone deacetylase Rpd3p is required for transient changes in genomic expression in response to stress

Background  

Yeast responding to stress activate a large gene expression program called the Environmental Stress Response that consists of approximately 600 repressed genes and approximately 300 induced genes. Numerous factors are implicated in regulating subsets of Environmental Stress Response genes; however, a complete picture of Environmental Stress Response regulation remains unclear. We investigated the role of the histone deacetylase Rpd3p, previously linked to the upstream regions of many Environmental Stress Response genes, in producing Environmental Stress Response gene expression changes in response to stress.     

以“环境微生物学”为载体的环境生态工程专业本科生科创能力培养

环境生态工程是一个设立较晚的新专业,其基本的教学体系和专业课程设计还有待摸索和完善。"环境微生物学"作为环境生态工程专业普遍设置的专业必修课,其授课内容和形式如何适应专业整体的培养需求是一个值得探讨的问题。我们结合所在学校、学院的特点和优势,提出将融入海洋特色和生态学思想的"环境微生物学"作为载体,结合课上理论教学、学生课堂报告、课下专题培训和实验技能培养等形式,培养环境生态工程专业本科生的科创能力。这可为同专业开设"环境微生物学"课程的教师提供教学参考,也可以为其他院校环境生态工程专业本科生科创能力的培养提供借鉴。     

Books

Industrial Environmental Performance Metrics. Challenges and Opportunities by the Committee on Industrial Environmental Performance Metrics, National Academy of Engineering Washington, DC
Measures of Environmental Performance and Ecosystem Condition, edited by Peter C. Schulze Washington, DC
Sustainable Measures: Evaluation and Reporting of Environmental and Social Performance, edited by Martin Bennett and Peter James with Leon Klinkers Sheffield (UK)
Sustainable Development in the United States: An Experimental Set of Indicators. A Progress Report prepared by the U.S. Interagency Working Group on Sustainable Development Indicators Washington, DC     

环境雌激素对动物的影响与对策

环境雌激素可导致动物性别特征丧失、生殖能力下降,引起性别比例失调,导致种群生存力和资源量下降,并通过食物链的生物放大作用等加强对动物危害,提出环境雌激素预防与控制对策。     

Challenges of unculturable bacteria: environmental perspectives

Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology - Environmental biotechnology offers several promising techniques for the rehabilitation of polluted environments. The modern industrialized...     

“环境工程微生物学”实验教学改革初探

"环境工程微生物学"是我国高校环境工程和环境科学专业的一门专业基础必修课,环境工程微生物学实验是本课程的重要组成部分。但目前环境工程微生物学实验教学中存在实验内容滞后、单调,学生的预习甚至实验过程往往流于形式,缺乏有效的考核方法等一系列问题。针对以上问题,作者采取将移动互联网引入环境工程微生物学实验,鼓励学生参与实验的前期准备等措施来改革传统教学模式,通过编写实验教材、精心安排实验内容、将科研带入到实际教学中等途径来优化教学内容,采用将平时成绩纳入最终实验成绩的方法来改革传统考核方式,取得了较好的教学效果,本文对以上教改内容进行详细阐述。     

Beyond the Hazard: The Role of Beliefs in Health Risk Perception

This article addresses how beliefs about health risks cluster and how these relate to perceptions of risk among Canadians. A principal components analysis conducted on items reflecting various beliefs from the Canadian National Health Risk Perception Survey extracted four underlying dimensions: Cancer Dread, Trust in Regulators, Environmental Concern, and Personal Agency. Factor scores were then used to investigate relationships between belief factors and the perceived health risk of various hazards with gender, education, income, and province of residence as covariates. Environmental and Therapeutic health risk perceptions were significantly higher in respondents with high Cancer Dread and high Environmental Concern, but lower in respondents with high Trust in Regulators. Environmental health risk perceptions were lower in respondents with high Personal Agency, whereas Social health risk perceptions were higher in respondents with high Cancer Dread and Personal Agency. Results suggest that information about health risk–related beliefs can be useful in improving our understanding of the public's perceived risk of health hazards.     

500 kV国安输变电工程穿越水源保护区的生态影响与生态保护调查分析

由于经济和民生需求的严重制约, 有时输变电工程难以避免穿越重要而又脆弱的生态敏感区。输变电工程的生态影响主要包括对沿线的野生动植物及其栖息地的影响、对林草等天然植被的影响、对水土保持与水源涵养的影响。以广东珠海500 kV国安输变电工程为案例, 在调查总结工程建设期生态影响基础上, 结合环保验收和运行近十年来的生态保护工作情况, 开展生态影响后评价。结果表明, 项目按照法规要求落实相应的环保措施, 对水源保护区敏感目标密切相关的植被保护、水土保持、水源涵养与水质保护等工作落实到位, 对敏感保护目标的影响轻微, 相关经验可为类似工程项目的生态保护提供科学参考。     

水体pH对伪鱼腥藻生长及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

在实验室条件下, 以伪鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena sp.)为研究对象, 研究了pH对伪鱼腥藻生长、叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm、ETR、Ik)的影响, 以期了解伪鱼腥藻对水体pH的适应及调节能力。试验分为2组, 一组每天测定水体实际pH后调整藻液pH 为初始设定值, 另一组在试验开始时调节pH 至设定值后不人为调节, 每天测定pH。结果表明: 伪鱼腥藻偏好碱性环境, 并对水体pH有很强的调节和适应能力。每天调控pH为11的试验组生长情况最好; 不人为调控pH试验中, pH 5—11试验组pH最终趋于10.9—11.5, 人为调控pH试验中, pH 7—11试验组pH最终趋于9.5—11.3。pH为3和13条件下, 伪鱼腥藻均不能生长。pH 5—11范围内, Fv/Fm、ETR随pH增大而增大, pH 7—11范围内各组Ik值差异不大。     

Activities of the life cycle assessment society of Japan (JLCA)

This issue starts a regular update of JLCA, and a preview and profile of Int.J.LCA can be seen in ECP Network News from Japan (ECP - Environmentally Conscious Products). ECP, the Environmental Network Newsletter, is sponsored by JEMAI, Japan (JEMAI -Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry).     

环境微生物学教学改革的探索与实践

环境微生物学是环境工程专业的一门重要基础课, 其特点是内容广、发展快、实践性强, 因而该课程的教学具有一定的难度。本文提出了在该课程的教学内容、教学方法、实验教学和考核方法等方面进行改革的一些建议和具体实施方法。     

火烧高温对泥炭藓孢子萌发力影响的模拟实验

作为生态系统稳定性维持的一个重要因素,火对泥炭地优势植物泥炭藓(Sphagnum)孢子库的影响尚不清楚.以采自长白山区泥炭地的泥炭土和3种泥炭藓的成熟孢子为实验材料,室内模拟火烧,以此设置不同温度水平(20、40、60或100℃,持续0.5、1、2、4或10 min),对泥炭藓孢子进行热激处理,经萌发实验后,研究火烧高温对孢子萌发率的影响.结果显示,火烧期间各层土温随深度而递减,表层泥炭可达300℃的极端高温,而1 cm深温度仅为70℃,体现出泥炭土良好的热缓冲性;40℃的热激可使锈色泥炭藓(S.fuscum)与中位泥炭藓(S.magellanicum)孢子萌发率提高20%与50%;60℃的热激使尖叶泥炭藓(S.capillifolium)孢子的萌发率提高1倍;100℃热激对3种泥炭藓孢子萌发则有强烈的抑制作用.研究表明,泥炭藓孢子耐受高温的能力有限,但土壤中的孢子凭借泥炭的良好热缓冲性,可以躲避火烧高温造成的致命伤害,适度的热激甚至能提高其萌发力,对其在火后的建植及种群的长存可能有重要意义.     

Growth and nutrient uptake of coniferous seedlings: Comparison among 10 species at various seedbed densities

Summary The evaluation of biomass production and uptake of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg for various plant components (roots, stems, and foliage) and totals by 10 species of 2-0 coniferous seedlings grown at a controlled range of densities in a highly productive forest nursery documents considerable differences among species and seedling parameters. The species are ranked by biomass and nutrient-element relationships on a unit area of seedbed basis, quantifying the magnitude of the differences among the species at the various density levels. The 10 species include Abies balsamea, Larix leptolepis, Picea abies, Picea glauca, Picea mariana, Picea pungens, Pinus resinosa, Pinus strobus, Pinus sylvestris, and Pseudotsuga menziesii.Contribution of the Forest Resources Council, School of Environmental and Resource Management, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210.Contribution of the Forest Resources Council, School of Environmental and Resource Management, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210.     

两种幼龄乔木修复林下土壤改良及植被多样性研究

以辽宁省抚顺市榆树铁矿和傲牛铁矿植被恢复区为研究对象, 两矿山分别选用先锋树种樟子松和刺槐进行单纯乔木层植被修复。通过调查样方植被株高及胸径、测定土壤指标, 参照全国第二次土壤普查分级标准分析两矿山已恢复样地土壤肥力状况, 再综合香农-维纳多样性指数和德尔菲法确定的指标权重计算植被多样性指数, 进而分析恢复初期林下草本层植被多样性及土壤基质变化情况。结果表明: 幼龄林恢复期间, 樟子松和刺槐的胸径和树高逐年升高, 刺槐年均树高增长可达樟子松的1.94—4.43倍, 两种乔木均可将酸性土壤改良至中性, 但幼龄樟子松林较幼龄刺槐林更易积累贫瘠地中的营养物质; 植被多样性调查共出现19种草本植物, 隶属于11科16属, 植被多样性评价显示刺槐林草本层植被多样性指数均高于樟子松林。综上, 推荐抚顺市废弃矿山乔木层混交种植樟子松和刺槐, 以共同作用促进草本层自然演替过程, 并引入灌木种形成“乔-灌-草”复合系统加快矿山修复进程。     

A comprehensive approach towards product and organisation related environmental management tools

The international standardisation of Environmental Management (EM) is documented by the ISO 14000 series. Within this series a number of Environmental Management tools are treated. Therefore, it can be seen as a “toolbox” which offers several options for sound Environmental Management practices in organisations. However, a number of questions remain because they are not treated by the standards themselves. Some examples are which of the tools should be applied to what kind of Environmental Management problem or what are the synergisms and antagonisms between these tools. To illustrate the importance of a comprehensive choice and a compatible approach towards EM-tools, Life Cycle Assessment (ISO 14040 series) is discussed in the context of Environmental Management Systems (ISO 14001). The focus of ISO 14001 are organisations, while LCA deals with products or processes. In principle, they are not compatible, since the life-cycle approach analyses one production chain from “cradle to grave” or even back to the cradle, while a management system according to ISO 14001 analyses organisations, i.e. a number of product chains, from “gate to gate”. LCAs, however, could be compiled by aggregating several “gate to gate” energy and material balances of companies. LCA can assist in prioritising and achieving the objectives of an EM-System. LCA can also help to understand the environmental impact of organisations and what share of their overall environmental burden is produced “inside the gates” or “outside the gates”, respectively.