南亚果实蝇多酚氧化酶的性质研究(英文)

【目的】为揭示南亚果实蝇Bactrocera tau (Walker)不同发育阶段体内多酚氧化酶的活性与性质。【方法】以邻苯二酚为底物, 在415 nm波长下测定了南亚果实蝇1, 2和3龄幼虫、 蛹以及成虫多酚氧化酶的活性和动力学参数。【结果】南亚果实蝇在不同发育阶段, 多酚氧化酶的活性存在明显差异, 通常3龄幼虫中活性最高, 为434.42 U/mg; 蛹中最低, 为231.05 U/mg。在pH 6.5时, 南亚果实蝇不同发育阶段多酚氧化酶的活性分别为265.42, 358.34, 444.42, 210.02和373.99 U/mg, 但当pH值高于7.0或低于5.0时, 多酚氧化酶的活性则明显下降。在温度为34℃和37℃时, 南亚果实蝇各发育阶段多酚氧化酶的活性均较高, 当温度高于40℃或低于27℃时, 活性则明显下降。以邻苯二酚为底物, 2龄幼虫中多酚氧化酶的K_m值（3.10 mmol/min）和V_max（476.19 mmol/L）较大, 说明多酚氧化酶对底物邻苯二酚催化能力强; 蛹中多酚氧化酶的K_m（0.63 mmol/min）和V_max（50.25 mmol/L）较小, 说明多酚氧化酶对底物的亲和力和催化能力弱。当以L-DOPA为底物时, 3龄幼虫中多酚氧化酶的K_m值和V_max较大, 分别为0.49 mmol/min和188.68 mmol/L; 蛹中多酚氧化酶的K_m值和V_max较小, 分别为0.25 mmol/min和21.79 mmol/L。【结论】南亚果实蝇体内多酚氧化酶在不同温度和pH值下的活性和动力学参数与虫体发育阶段密切相关。     

富士苹果多酚氧化酶特性研究

本文从富士苹果中提取和部分纯化多酚氧化酶,并对其特性进行研究。以邻苯二酚为作用底物,该酶最适pH为50,在pH50～80范围内有较高的稳定性。最适温度为30℃,在60℃以上迅速失活。该酶对不同的酚类物质表现出不同的底物专一性,由高至低的趋势依次为邻苯二酚、焦性没食子酸、DL-多巴、酪氨酸,其中对酪氨酸的活力为零。浓度为04mmol/L的VC、L-半胱氨酸及浓度为03mmol/L的亚硫酸氢钠,可完全抑制该酶活性。     

棘托竹荪子实体多酚氧化酶特性及其抑制剂的研究

以邻苯二酚为底物采用分光光度法对棘托竹荪(Dictyophora echinovolvata)子实体多酚氧化酶的酶学特性和不同抑制剂对多酚氧化酶活性的影响进行了研究。结果表明,棘托竹荪子实体多酚氧化酶的最适反应pH为8.0,最适反应温度为45℃,高温短时处理能显著抑制多酚氧化酶的活性;L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)、氯化钠(NaCl)、维生素C(Vc)和柠檬酸(C6H8O7)等对多酚氧化酶均有抑制作用。经正交实验筛选的抑制剂组合(5.0 g/L L-Cys、20.0 g/L NaCl、1.5 g/L Vc、10.0 g/L C6H8O7)可以完全抑制多酚氧化酶的活性。     

铜铁试剂对菜青虫多酚氧化酶的抑制作用

以菜青虫Pieris rapae (L.)为试材,冰浴匀浆,4℃下6 403 ×g 离心,取上清液,经35%饱和度(NH₄)₂SO₄沉淀,Sephadex G100凝胶过滤柱层析等分离步骤,获得部分纯化的菜青虫多酚氧化酶制剂。研究不同浓度铜离子及铜铁试剂对该酶的影响,结果表明：Cu₂₊在0～0.100 mmol/L范围内对酶活力表现激活作用;浓度大于0.125 mmol/L时表现抑制作用,其IC₅₀为0.651±0.022 mmol/L;铜铁试剂对该酶抑制作用的IC₅₀为0.100±0.012 mmol/L。抑制动力学研究结果表明：铜铁试剂对该酶表现为可逆抑制效应,为竞争性抑制类型,其抑制常数K_i为0.076±0.013 mmol/L。     

新疆沙枣叶提取物对春尺蠖多酚氧化酶的抑制作用

多酚氧化酶在昆虫的变态发育和免疫防御中起着非常重要的作用,可作为害虫控制的一个重要作用靶标。采用40%饱和度硫酸铵沉淀和Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤等步骤,对产自于乌鲁木齐的春尺蠖幼虫多酚氧化酶进行分离,并研究其酶学性质。结果表明:多酚氧化酶的比酶活为617.21 U/mg,是粗酶液的6.06倍;该酶对焦性没食子酸、邻苯二酚和L-多巴的K_m值分别为6.45、1.11和1.3 mmol/L;在pH 6.5、25℃时,多酚氧化酶活性最高;当温度高于45℃时,随着保温时间的延长,酶活力下降明显。采用中压色谱和C18反相制备型色谱技术对尖果沙枣叶乙醇提取物进行分离,得到6个化合物,鉴定了其中2个化合物;将这2个化合物用于多酚氧化酶的抑制实验,结果表明分离到的化合物6和化合物7均显示出抑制活性,IC_(50)值约为0.125 mg/mL。     

多酚氧化酶抑制剂对蝴蝶兰叶外植体褐变的影响

将多酚氧化酶(PPO)抑制剂添加到酶反应液中,抗坏血酸和半胱氨酸在0.5mmol/L就完全抑制蝴蝶兰PPO活性。300mg/L柠檬酸和100~200mg/L亚硫酸氢钠分别添加到培养基中,可使蝴蝶兰外植体褐变程度降低;采用抑制剂浸泡处理外植体,对外植体褐变抑制效果最好的为50mg/L抗坏血酸,外植体在褐变发生前PPO活性低于对照。     

一种改进的烟草多酚氧化酶Ⅱ纯化方法

目的:选择不同的分离、纯化步骤并比对分析,筛选出纯化烟草中多酚氧化酶(PPO)的优化组合方案。方法:采用分段盐析、DEAE-SepharoseFastflow和SephadexG-150柱层析纯化PPO,通过测定和比较酶活性筛选最佳条件。结果:确定了最佳盐析浓度(40%)和柱层析条件,SDS-PAGE、FPLC以及动力学常数的检测结果表明,纯化出的蛋白质相对分子质量为42000,Km为1.2mmol/L,得到了纯化91倍的烟草多酚氧化酶Ⅱ。结论:优化方案减少了有机溶剂分级沉淀、阳离子交换层析等步骤,使纯化过程大大缩短。     

亚洲玉米螟幼虫血清中酚氧化酶原的性

采用40%硫酸铵沉淀、Blue Sepharose CL-6B亲和层析和Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B疏水层析等方法,从亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) 幼虫血清中分离纯化了酚氧化酶原。酚氧化酶原全酶相对分子量约为158 kD,亚基相对分子量约为80 kD和78 kD。酚氧化酶原为糖蛋白,该酶原易被0.1 mmol/L CPC (氯代十六烷基吡啶)、 50%甲醇、 1 mg/mL昆布多糖和1 mg/mL胰蛋白酶激活。该酶反应的最适pH为7.0,最适温度为25～30℃,Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺可增强该酶的活性。     

莱阳茌梨细胞中多酚氧化酶的分布及其性质（简报）

莱阳茌梨果实细胞中,多酚氧化酶活性有80％分布于细胞溶质部分,11％分布于线粒体中,约6％存在于更小的亚细胞颗粒中。该酶只催化邻二元酚的氧化,对一元酚及间、对二元酚不起催化作用。邻—香豆酸为该酶的非竞争性抑制剂,Ki为 0.36mmol/L。苯甲酸为该酶的竞争性抑制剂,Ki为0.27 mmol/L。     

热带假丝酵母酰基辅酶A氧化酶的纯化及性质研究

利用热带假丝酵母由烷烃生产二元酸时,二元酸面临被β氧化降解的代谢途径。酰基辅酶A氧化酶是二元酸β氧化的限速酶。以热带假丝酵母1230菌株为材料,经硫酸铵分级沉淀、阴离子交换柱层析、BlueSepharose亲和柱层析,得到电泳均一的酰基辅酶A氧化酶。该酶有两种亚基,分子量分别为74kD和78kD。酶作用最适pH和最适温度分别为80和50℃。金属离子Ag+、Pb2+完全抑制酶活性,Ba2+、Mg2+、Ca2+对酶活性有明显抑制作用。丙烯酸是酶的反竞争性抑制剂,Ki为0633mmol/L,维生素C是竞争性抑制剂,Ki为2.01×10-3mmol/L。     

2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛缩苯胺对菜青虫酚氧化酶的抑制作用

为筛选对十字花科蔬菜害虫菜青虫Pieris rapae（L.）酚氧化酶具有高抑制活性的化合物,为寻找新型害虫控制剂提供线索,采用酶标仪微量法以室内合成、筛选的高活性化合物2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛缩苯胺为抑制剂,研究了其对菜青虫酚氧化酶的抑制活性及抑制类型。结果表明,供试化合物对菜青虫酚氧化酶的抑制中浓度（IC₅₀）为0.116 mmol/L;该化合物为典型的可逆非竞争型抑制剂,抑制常数（K_i）为1.96 mmol/L。该化合物直接对靶标酚氧化酶产生作用,而不是通过影响酶结构内的铜离子来产生作用的。     

Purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from nettle (Urtica dioica L.) and inhibitory effects of some chemicals on enzyme activity

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) was extracted and purified through (NH₄)₂SO₄ precipitation, dialysis, and CM-Sephadex ion-exchange chromatography and was used for its characterization. The PPO showed activity to catechol, 4-methylcatechol, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), L-tyrosine, p-cresol, pyrogallol, catechin and trans-cinnamic acid. For each of these eight substrates, optimum conditions such as pH and temperature were determined and L-tyrosine was found to be one of the most suitable substrates. Optimum pH and temperature were found at pH 4.5 and 30°C respectively and K_m and V_max values were 7.90?×?10^?4?M, and 11290?EU/mL for with L-tyrosine as substrate. The inhibitory effect of several inhibitors, L-cysteine chloride, sodium azide, sodium cyanide, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, L-ascorbic acid, glutathione, thiourea, sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate, β-mercaptoethanol and sodium metabisulfite were tested. The most effective was found to be sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate which acted as a competitive inhibitor with a K_i value of 1.79?×?10^?9?M. In addition one isoenzyme of PPO was detected by native polacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis.     

Some kinetic properties of polyphenol oxidase obtained from dill (Anethum graveolens)

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was partially purified from dill by (NH₄)₂SO₄ precipitation followed by dialysis and gel filtration chromatography. Polyphenol oxidase activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 420 nm using catechol, dopamine and chlorogenic acid as substrates. Optimum pH, temperature, and ionic strength were determined with three substrates. The best substrate of dill PPO was found to be chlorogenic acid. Some kinetic properties of the enzyme such as V_max, K_M and V_max/K_M were determined for all three substrates. The effects of various inhibitors on the reaction catalysed by the enzyme were tested and I₅₀ values calculated. The most effective inhibitor was l-cysteine. Activation energies, E_a, were determined from the Arrhenius equation. In addition, activation enthalpy, ΔH_a, and Q₁₀ values of the enzyme were also calculated.     

槲皮素对黄粉虫血淋巴酚氧化酶的生理效应

用酶标仪法测定了槲皮素对黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor酚氧化酶（phenoloxidase, PO）的生物活性。结果表明：在离体条件下,对黄粉虫血淋巴PO的IC₅₀为0.625 mmol/L。在活体情况下,当槲皮素-DMSO溶液或槲皮素水悬浮液（5 μL）注入虫体后,在浓度低于1.0 mmol/L时对黄粉虫血淋巴PO具有激活作用,当浓度高于2.0 mmol/L时则对PO具有明显的抑制作用;单独注射5 μL DMSO溶液对PO活性亦有一定的激活作用。试虫被注射槲皮素后,PO活性在2～4 h内迅速下降,然后缓慢上升,处理8 h左右达到最高点,其后低浓度处理PO活性保持不变,而高浓度处理则逐渐下降,提示低浓度槲皮素可以引起试虫的免疫反应。在PO测活体系中加入0.5％的BSA后对PO活性无影响,并能使槲皮素在测活体系中保持稳定。     

Isolation and characterization of the polyphenoloxidase from senescent leaves of black poplar

The polyphenoloxidase (PPO) from black poplar senescent leaves has been purified to almost complete homogeneity by a combination of ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G75 filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The purified enzyme has a MW of 60 000 and is probably a Cu⁺ enzyme. Peroxidase (PO) activity co-purifies with PPO and has the same MW as it. The two enzymes differ in pH optimum and in response to the effect of ionic strength. Natural phenols are either substrates, inhibitors or activators of black poplar PPO. This enzyme is an o-diphenoloxidase which binds substrates with K_m in the millimolar range. With caffeic and chlorogenic acids inhibition by excess substrate is observed. Benzoic acid phenols and cinnamic acid phenols are either competitive or non-competitive inhibitors of PPO. Hydroquinone is a highly potent non-competitive inhibitor of the enzyme (K_i  90 μM). Ferulic acid is a potent activator of the PPO-catalysed oxidation of catechol (K_a  0.34 mM, ν_sat/ν_o  7.7).     

CHARACTERISTICS OF APYRASE (EC 3.6.1.5) ON CULTURED BOVINE ENDOCARDIAL ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

Apyrase activities in some tissues and cells, such as peripheral vascular endothelial cells, have been reported, but these in endocardium endothelial cells have not been reported. The present study was to characterise the properties of bovine endocardium endothelial cells (BEEC)-associated apyrase. Apyrase activity was assayed by inorganic phosphate release, which could be inhibited concentration-dependently by NaN₃, an apyrase inhibitor. NaF (20 mmol/L), another inhibitor of apyrase, also markedly inhibited the activity. EDTA or EGTA (1 mmol/L) could also inhibit the activity completely. However, the inhibitor for Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, ouabain (3 mmol/L) did not affect the enzyme activity. BEEC apyrase activity was dependent on divalent cations (Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺) and pH value.     

核盘菌5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶的酶学性质

核盘菌5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶（EPSP合酶）是AROM多功能酶的活性之一.该酶催化莽草酸磷酸（S3P）和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸（PEP）产生5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸和无机磷酸的可逆反应,受除草剂草甘膦（N-（膦羧甲基）甘氨酸）抑制.纯化了核盘菌AROM蛋白并对EPSP合酶进行了酶学特征研究.结果显示,该酶反应的最适pH值为7.2,最适温度为30℃.热失活反应活化能是69.62 kJ/mol.底物S3P和PEP浓度分别高于1 mmol/L和2 mmol/L时,对EPSP合酶反应产生抑制作用.用双底物反应恒态动力学Dalziel方程求得的Km(PEP)为140.98 μmol/L,K _m(S3P)为139.58 μmol/L.酶动力学模型遵循顺序反应机制.草甘膦是该酶反应底物PEP的竞争性抑制剂（Ki为0.32 μmol/L）和S3P的非竞争性抑制剂.正向反应受K⁺激活.当［K⁺］增加时,K _m(PEP)随之降低,Km(S3P)不规律变化,而K _i(PEP)随［K⁺］增加而提高.     

棉铃虫幼虫中肠微粒体P450差光谱与O-脱甲基酶的酶学特征及其可诱导性

棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)幼虫中肠微粒体制备液的CO差光谱在450 nm有吸收峰,P450含量为(687±11) pmol/mg。中肠750 g离心的上清液的O-脱甲基酶活性在酶量相当5个中肠、反应时间30 min内与酶量和反应时间呈线性关系;最适Ph值在7.8, 最适温度为20～25℃。酶系对底物对硝基苯甲醚的O-脱甲基活性的Km=1.23 mmol/L, V_max=2.54 nmol对硝基酚/(mg·min)。NADPH为酶活的重要因子,离体测定时,O-脱甲基酶在无外来NADPH的活性仅为加0.25 mmol/L NADPH 的16%。在反应体系中加入1.5% BSA明显促进产物的生成。P450的专一性抑制剂PBO浓度达到1 mmol/L时,可抑制酶90%的活性。棉铃虫取食含0.25%苯巴比妥钠的食物72 h后,O-脱甲基酶活性是对照组的1.73倍。     

Cytochemical Localization of Polyphenol Oxidase Activity in K2‐Bodies of Saprolegnia ferax Secondary Zoospores

Zoospores of the oomycete Saprolegnia ferax release adhesive material from K‐bodies at the onset of attachment to substrates. To understand more fully how K‐bodies function in adhesion, enzyme activity was investigated cytochemically in secondary zoospores. Presence of catalase, a marker enzyme for microbodies, was explored in the diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction. Although pH 9.2 DAB‐staining characteristic of catalase activity was detected in the granular matrix regions of K‐bodies, reaction controls indicated that the reaction was due to oxidative enzyme activity other than catalase. Because polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is another metal‐containing enzyme capable of oxidizing DAB, activity of this enzyme was tested with a more specific substrate, dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). In the DOPA procedure, reaction product was exclusively localized within K‐bodies, indicating the presence of PPO. Results with three methods of reaction controls (elimination of substrate, addition of a PPO enzyme inhibitor, and heat‐inactivation of enzymes) all supported the presence of PPO in K‐bodies. This study highlights potential roles for K‐body PPO in stabilization of adhesion bodies by: cross‐linking matrix phenolic proteins or glycoproteins as K‐bodies discharge adhesives onto substrates, or polymerizing phenolics protective against microbial attacks of the adhesion pad.