温度、盐度和体长对西藏拟潘（Daphniopsis tibetana Sars）排氨率的影响

在实验室内研究了温度（T=3、8、14、20℃和22℃）、盐度（S=5、10、15、20和25）和体长（0．80、1．23、1．51、1．84mm和2．38mm）对西藏拟潘排氨率（NR）的影响。结果表明,在试验温度范围内,西藏拟潘幼溢排氨率随温度（r）的升高而升高,其回归方程为NR=0．0359Ln（T）-0．0185（n=5,r=0．9881,P〈0．05）,数值范围为0．022～0．092mg／（g·h）。在盐度（S）试验中,西藏拟潘幼潘排氨率有同样的趋势,回归方程为NR=0．0535e^0.0213s（n=5,r=0．9884）,其数值范围为0．061—0．092mg／（g·h）。而体长试验中,西藏拟潘排氨率随体长（L）的增加而降低,回归方程为NR=0．0568L^-1.4154（n=5,r=0．9938,P〈0．05）,数值范围为0．017—0．083mg／（g·h）。     

温度、盐度和体长对西藏拟溞耗氧率的影响

在实验室内研究了盐度(S=5、10、15、20和25)、温度(T=3、8、14、20和22℃)和体长(L=0.83、1.25、1.49、1.87和2.42mm)对西藏拟耗氧率的影响。结果表明,在试验盐度内该的个体耗氧率(IO)和比耗氧率(SO)均随盐度(S)升高而升高,其回归方程分别为IO=0.0014S 0.0126和SO=0.115S0.5612,数值范围为0.02～0.045μg/(indh)和0.31～0.67μg/(mg·h)。个体耗氧率和比耗氧率在温度试验中有同样的趋势,回归方程分别为IO=0.0049e0.1574T和SO=0.0678e0.1605T,数值分别为0.0076～0.13μg/(ind·h)和0.10～1.71μg/(mg·h)。体长试验中个体耗氧率随体长增大而增大,而比耗氧率则降低,回归方程分别为:IO=0.0545L2.5962和SO=-0.2059L 0.7908,数值范围为0.036～0.68μg/(ind·h)和0.38～0.63μg/(mg·h)。讨论了盐度、温度和体长对西藏拟耗氧率的影响。     

温度、盐度和食物条件对西藏拟溞摄食强度的影响

报道了不同温度、盐度和饵料条件下西藏拟溞的摄食强度、西藏拟溞对不同饵料生物蛋白核小球藻(Chlorellapyrenoidesa)、牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)、湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、盐藻(Dunaliella salina)、新月拟菱形藻(Nitzschiella closterium)的选择性以及摄食节律。结果表明,在适温范围(2 20℃)内,西藏拟溞的滤水率、摄食率随着温度的升高而增加,14 16℃为西藏拟溞的适宜温度。在盐度20时,西藏拟溞的摄食率最高,幼、成溞对等鞭金藻的摄食率分别为1.88 ng C/(ind.h)和3.46 ng C/(ind.h)。西藏拟溞对角毛藻的滤水率和摄食率均随着龄期增加而增加,而对等鞭金藻呈相反趋势,但二者的日粮均随体长增大而减小。幼、成溞的滤水率和摄食率随食物密度变化的趋势基本一致,均是在盐藻密度为1×106 ind./L时均最高,分别为0.194、0.221 mL/(ind.h)和0.030μgC/(ind.h)和0.034μgC/(ind.h)。幼溞对6种藻的食物选择性为角毛藻小球藻盐藻扁藻金藻拟菱形藻;成溞为扁藻角毛藻盐藻金藻小球藻拟菱形藻。幼溞、成溞均对角毛藻和盐藻的选择性较好。西藏拟溞的幼溞和成溞对牟氏角毛藻的摄食有相同的节律,在15:00 17:00和01:00 03:00时有两个摄食高峰,在09:00 11:00和23:00 01:00有两个低谷。     

温度、盐度及交互作用对僧帽牡蛎(Saccostrea cucullata)呼吸排泄的影响

采用实验生态学方法研究了温度(13、18、23、28、31、34℃)和盐度(18、23、28、33)对僧帽牡蛎(Saccostrea cueullata)耗氧率和排氨率的影响,并分析了二者交互作用对呼吸排泄的影响。结果表明,不同温度条件下,僧帽牡蛎的耗氧率变化范围为0.43-3.15mg g~(-1)h~(-1),排氨率的变化范围为72.62-1245.77μg g~(-1)h~(-1),方差分析显示,温度和盐度对僧帽牡蛎耗氧率(F=60.440,P0.01)和排氨率(F=61.083,P0.01)的影响均极显著;二者的交互作用对僧帽牡蛎耗氧率(F=4.907,P0.01)和排氨率(F=11.412,P0.01)影响也极显著,耗氧率(Y)、排氨率(Y)与温度(T)和盐度(S)之间的二元线性回归方程为y=a+bT+cS+dT×S。在一定温度范围内(13-31℃)僧帽牡蛎单位体重耗氧率(Y)与温度(T)呈正相关符合指数方程Y=ae~(bT),其中a的取值范围为0.1378-0.2117,b的取值范围为0.0757-0.0912;单位体重排氨率也与温度呈正相关,符合上述指数方程,其中a的取值范围为20.364-30.634,b的取值范围为0.1004-0.1341。不同温度和盐度条件下,僧帽牡蛎呼吸排泄的氧氮比在2.20-7.78之间,平均值为3.81。     

体质量和水温对太湖秀丽白虾人工驯养子代耗氧率和排氨率的影响

以太湖秀丽白虾(Exopalaemon modestus)人工驯养子代为实验样本,实验共设置6个体质量梯度及7个温度梯度,样本体质量范围为(0.12±0.01)～(1.93±0.05)g,实验温度范围为12℃～30℃,研究了体质量及水温对耗氧率和排氨率的影响。结果表明:秀丽白虾耗氧率变幅为0.1497～0.9053mg·g-1·h-1,均值为0.3901mg·g-1·h-1;排氨率变幅为0.0165～0.0866mg·g-1·h-1,均值为0.0379mg·g-1·h-1。体质量、水温及两者的交互效应均对耗氧率和排氨率具有极显著的影响(P0.01)。体质量与耗氧率和排氨率之间的回归关系分别符合幂函数方程Ro=0.3114W-0.2414(r=-0.436)和Rn=0.0307W-0.3007(r=-0.653);水温与耗氧率和排氨率之间的回归关系分别符合指数方程Ro=0.0711e0.0749t(r=0.877)和Rn=0.0113e0.0530t(r=0.747);体质量、水温与耗氧率及排氨率的二元回归方程分别为Ro=0.028T-0.147W-0.053(r=0.948)和Rn=0.002T-0.017W+0.013(r=0.922)。耗氧率和排氨率Q10变幅分别为1.17～4.20和1.15～2.29,均值分别为2.10和1.64。在实验温度范围内,氧氮比均随着水温的上升而增大,变幅为7.42～13.62,均值为10.04。秀丽白虾在低温阶段(12℃～18℃)主要以蛋白质为供能物质,在高温阶段(21℃～30℃)对脂肪的利用有所增加,中等规格个体的脂肪代谢率最高。     

温度和摄食对溪红点鲑幼鱼呼吸代谢的影响

在不同水温［(5.5±0.5) ℃、(8.5±0.5) ℃、(11.5±0.5) ℃、(14.5±0.5) ℃、(17.5±0.) ℃］条件下,分别测定了饱食和空腹状态下溪红点鲑幼鱼的耗氧率和排 氨率,分析了温度和摄食对溪红点鲑幼鱼呼吸代谢的影响.结果表明：饱食后,5个温度梯度组溪红点鲑幼鱼的耗氧率和排氨率均迅速上升,达最大值后缓慢下降,并逐渐恢复到初始水平;饱食状态下,溪红点鲑幼鱼耗氧率（OR）和排氨率（NR）与温度（t）的回归方程分别为OR=-0.0601t⁴+2.5542t³-39.256t²+276.26t-598.75(n=650,R²=1,4.5 ℃4+0.0826t³-1.2318t²+8.6186t-18.838(n=650,R²=1,4.5 ℃0.9738(n=650,R²=0.9974,4.5 ℃1.0896( n=650,R²=0.9977,4.5 ℃相似文献   

温度和盐度对西藏拟溞抗氧化酶和脂质过氧化作用的影响

采用实验生态学方法,研究了温度(T=16、19、22、25、28℃)、盐度(S=5、10、15、20、25)对西藏拟溞总超氧化物歧化酶(TSOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力以及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明:温度和盐度能够诱导西藏拟溞抗氧化应激反应,胁迫24h后,SOD、GPX活性及MDA含量在28℃、盐度20时均达到最高值,分别为(37.18±1.97)U mg-1μg-1、(75.1±9.96)U mg-1μg-1和(12.24±2.12)nmol mg-1μg-1;48h后,高温低盐组(25—28℃、5—10)和高温高盐组(25—28℃、20—25)SOD、GPX活性及MDA含量显著高于其他处理组(P0.05),在28℃,盐度5时均达到最大值,分别为(19.25±3.48)U mg-1μg-1、(59.95±4.66)U mg-1μg-1和(4.98±0.66)nmol mg-1μg-1;温度、盐度以及这两个因子之间对西藏拟溞体内SOD、GPX活性和MDA含量均有极显著影响(P0.01)。     

Cu2+和Zn2+对西藏拟溞存活、生长和生殖的影响

在温度(150.5)C,盐度15.50.5的条件下,研究了Cu2+和Zn2+对西藏拟溞(DaphniopsistibetanaSars)存活、生长和生殖的影响。结果表明,西藏拟溞在各Cu2+活度组中的存活率差异不显著,而在10-8.60mol/L组中的体长增长率显著高于其他各组。当水环境中Cu2+活度为10-8.30和10-8.13mol/L时,西藏拟溞的内禀增长率(rm)为0.2211和0.2171/d,显著高于对照组,而西藏拟溞在不同Cu2+活度组中的产卵率均高于对照组,为0.9705-1.1742。西藏拟溞在各Cu2+活度组中的存活率和生长率差异均不显著。当Zn2+活度为10-7.04-10-6.82mol/L时,西藏拟溞的rm为0.2249-0.2296/d,显著高于对照组。西藏拟溞在Zn2+活度为10-7.04mol/L组中的产卵率最大,为1.0178,10-6.82mol/L组次之,为0.867。当Zn2+活度为10-7.04-10-6.82mol/L时,西藏拟溞一生生殖次数显著高于对照组(1.58),为1.92-2.17次。因此,综合来看,当水环境中的Cu2+活度为10-8.60-10-8.13mol/L、Zn2+活度为10-7.04-10-6.82mol/L时能明显的促进西藏拟溞的种群增长、发育和生殖。论文讨论了Cu2+和Zn2+对西藏拟溞的促长机理。       

亚热带浅水湖泊中两种裸腹溞生活史特征的比较

以来自武汉南湖的远东裸腹溞和江苏太湖的微型裸腹溞为对象,在温度为(25±1)℃、食物条件为2×10~5cells·mL~(-1)斜生栅藻下,研究了两种裸腹溞的体长、成熟时间、存活率、寿命和产幼溞数等生活史参数。结果表明:两种裸腹溞的体长均随着龄数增加呈现递增的趋势;远东裸腹溞的成熟时间(P=0.008)和首次产幼溞时间(P=0.022)均显著小于微型裸腹溞,而其成熟体长(P0.001)、寿命(P=0.003)和首次产幼溞数(P0.001)均显著大于微型裸腹溞;远东裸腹溞和微型裸腹溞的内禀增长率分别为0.73和0.49 ind·d~(-1);Pearson相关性分析显示,远东裸腹溞(r=0.659,P=0.008)和微型裸腹溞(r=0.649,P=0.009)的首次产幼溞数与成熟体长间均呈极显著相关;江苏太湖的微型裸腹溞的成熟时间长,而武汉南湖的远东裸腹溞的生殖能力更强,这可能与两种裸腹溞的遗传结构及它们对环境适应等差异有关。     

温度、盐度对强壮箭虫耗氧率和窒息点的影响

研究了不同温度、盐度下强壮箭虫的耗氧率和窒息点.结果表明:温度和盐度均对强壮箭虫的耗氧率和比耗氧率有显著影响.试验温度在5℃-25℃,强壮箭虫个体耗氧率(IO)和比耗氧率(SO)开始随温度的升高而升高,之后呈明显下降趋势.其回归方程分别为y=0.0058x3 -0.2956x2+4.415x-8.7816(R2=0.99,P＜0.05)和y=0.0011x3 -0.0546x2+0.8161x-1.6232(R2=0.99,P＜0.05),数值分别为6.30～11.71μg·ind-1·h-1和1.22 ～2.16μg· mg-1·h-1,窒息点为4.18～6.87 mg·L-1.盐度10 ～40条件下,IO和SO随盐度的升高逐渐下降,回归方程分别为y=-0.0068x2 -0.1412x+21.702(R2=0.89,P＜0.05)和y=-0.0013x2-0.0261x+4.0114( R2 =0.89,P＜0.05),数值分别为4.98～17.73μg ·ind-1·h-1和0.92～3.56 μg·mg-1 ·h-1,窒息点为4.02～6.24 mg·L-1.对强壮箭虫与其他水生动物的耗氧率和窒息点进行比较得出,强壮箭虫是一种狭氧性浮游动物.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.