两种树脂固相合成机体保护肽的比较

目的:比较Wang树脂和二氯三苯甲基树脂(以下简称二氯树脂)在固相合成机体保护肽中的表现,为工业化生产提供理论依据。方法:通用的Fmoc固相合成法制备机体保护肽,通过比色法对两种树脂与氨基酸的偶联率进行比较,用质谱(MALDI-TOFMS)对粗肽进行鉴定分析,用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)进行粗肽的分析和纯化。结果:显示以二氯树脂作载体,第一个氨基酸的连接率,以及机体保护肽的纯度和产率都要明显高于Wang树脂。结论:二氯树脂作载体合成机体保护肽更适合大规模工业化生产的要求。     

生物活性肽SSDI固相合成工艺的研究

目的:研究生物活性肤SSDI的固相合成工艺,并为大规模合成目标肽提供理论依据.方法:采用固相合成法,原料氨基酸以Fmoe形式保护,用Wang树脂为载体,经1-氧3-双二甲胺羰基苯骈三氮唑四氟化硼盐(TBTU)\1-羟基-苯并-三氮唑(HOBt)\二-异丙基乙胺(DIEA)混合试剂缩合,20%哌啶的DMF溶液脱保护,用三氟乙酸\茴香硫醚\巯基乙醇\苯酚\水混合作为切割试剂将多肽从Wang树脂上切割下来.结果:多肽粗品的得率高达70%,经RP-HPLC纯化,可获得纯度在98%以上的目标肽,经MALDI-MS质谱鉴定其分子量与理论值一致.结论:此合成方法操作简单,产品得率高,适合大规模合成目标肽.     

多肽固相序列分析载体的合成及应用

用合成的聚合物作载体,与模型15肽(纯品)偶联,使用Edman降解法进行多肽序列分析。比较了各种类型载体对肽的偶联效果。实验结果表明合成的大孔型四次乙基五胺类树脂载体已经达到国外同类产品水平。     

杂环肽FIK的Fmoc固相合成法研究

为研究二硫键成环的杂环肽FIK的合成工艺, 以Fmoc氨基酸为原料, 采用固相合成法, 经TBTU/HOBT/DIEA复合缩合剂催化合成直链肽, 再经I2氧化肽链上两个半胱氨酸的巯基生成分子内二硫键而得到目标环肽, 将其用切割试剂切割脱离树脂得到粗产品, MALDI-MS和RP-HPLC进行鉴定, 分析和纯化。产率可以达到18%, 纯化后纯度达97%以上, 经MALDI-MS和Ellman试剂检测确定为目标肽。该合成法高效, 简便, 快速, 目标肽收到较理想产率, 适合大批量生产。     

杂环肽FIK的Fmoc固相合成法研究

为研究二硫键成环的杂环肽FIK的合成工艺, 以Fmoc氨基酸为原料, 采用固相合成法, 经TBTU/HOBT/DIEA复合缩合剂催化合成直链肽, 再经I2氧化肽链上两个半胱氨酸的巯基生成分子内二硫键而得到目标环肽, 将其用切割试剂切割脱离树脂得到粗产品, MALDI-MS和RP-HPLC进行鉴定, 分析和纯化。产率可以达到18%, 纯化后纯度达97%以上, 经MALDI-MS和Ellman试剂检测确定为目标肽。该合成法高效, 简便, 快速, 目标肽收到较理想产率, 适合大批量生产。     

Fmoc固相合成JFT的工艺研究

目的:研究多肽JFT的合成工艺。方法:本实验采用固相合成法(spps),以Fmoc—氨基酸为原料,TBTU\HoBt\DIEA混合试剂缩合,用三氟乙酸\苯甲硫醚\巯基乙醇\苯酚\水脱保护,将多肽从MBHA树脂上切割下来。结果:粗肽的收率为62%,经RP-HPLC纯化,即可获得纯度在98%以上的目标肽。经MALDI—MS质谱分析其分子量与理论值一致。结论:此工艺操作简单,便于推广,适合大规模生产。     

一种多肽固相合成方法与纯化策略研究

目的：多肽与小分子化学药物相比,具有生物活性高、特异性强、不容易产生耐药性等特点,是目前新型药物研发的重点领域。多肽的合成直接影响到多肽药物的作用机制以及药物效果,因此需要建立一种更加便捷、高效的多肽合成方法。方法：采用Fmoc固相合成法合成多肽HF01,通过比较氨基酸连接的反应体系以及氨基酸脱保护的反应体系,从中确定最优体系。利用乙酰化基团进行肽链末端保护,经肽链剪切制备干燥的粗肽,最后采用高效液相色谱仪与高分辨质谱仪联用对粗肽进行纯化。结果：确定多肽合成的连接和脱保护反应体系,并获得纯度高达98.3%的线性多肽。结论：建立了一种高效、便捷的多肽合成及纯化方法,提高了实验室合成多肽的效率,为多肽类药物的研发提供技术支撑。     

人脑利钠肽的Fmoc固相合成

探讨生物活性肽人脑利钠肽(BNP)的固相合成工艺,并为工业化合成提供理论依据.本文以二氯三甲基树脂(以下简称为二氯树脂)为载体,采用9-芴甲氧羰基(Fmoc)保护的氨基酸,以1-氧-3-双二甲胺羰基苯骈三氮唑四氟化硼盐(TBTU)/1-羟基苯并三氮唑(HOBT)/二异丙基乙胺(DIEA)缩合,以碘作为环化试剂,用切割试剂将BNP粗品从树脂上切割下来.通过MALDI-MS质谱仪检测,所合成环肽的分子量与理论分子量一致,使用RP-HPLC液相色谱仪对合成的环肽进行纯化,得到的BNP纯度达到97%以上.本合成工艺具有快捷、简便、高效的特点,适合于大批量的生产目的肽.     

固相法合成多肽AN-M的工艺研究

目的:探讨生物活性肽AN-M的固相合成工艺,并为工业化合成目的肽提供理论依据。方法采用固相法,以Fmoc-保护基保护的α-氨基酸和Wang树脂为原料,经1—氧—3—双二甲胺羧基苯骈三氮唑四氟化硼盐(TBTU)、1—羟基苯并三氮唑(HoBt)、二异丙基乙胺(DIEA)缩合,20%哌啶的DMF溶液脱保护,用切割试剂将AN-M粗品从Wang树脂上切割下来。结果经反相高效液相色谱分析纯化,可得目的肽的得率大于67．00%,最终成品的纯度在98．78%以上,经质谱鉴定其分子量与理论值一致。结论该合成方法步骤简便、便于操作、产品得率高,可用于大规模合成目的肽。     

α- 促黑激素的固相合成研究

目的:探索α-促黑激素的合成工艺。方法:采用多肽固相合成法制备α-促黑激素。以Rink amide-MBHA树脂为载体、使用Fmoc保护策略、TBTU、HOBt、DIEA为缩合剂体系,最后用TFA、苯甲硫醚、水、苯酚、乙二硫醇混合液将多肽从树脂上切割下来。结果:合成后的目标多肽产率达64.9%,经过RP-HPLC纯化纯度可达98%,质谱鉴定显示纯化产物与目标多肽理论相对分子质量一致。结论:该方法操作方便,反应结果稳定,为固相合成生产α-促黑激素提供了一种可行的工艺方案。     

Peptides Derived from α-hydroxymethylserine: Aspects of solid-phase synthesis

Summary The solid-phase synthesis of peptides derived from the sterically hindered α-hydroxymethylserine (HmS) was investigated. The acid-sensitive,O,O-isopropylidene (Ipr) protection of HmS is compatible with the Fmoc chemistry, represented here by the Fmoc-HmS(Ipr)-OH and Fmoc-HmS(Ipr)-F derivatives. Three analogs of the opioid pentapeptide DADLE with a single or two consecutive HmS residue(s) were synthesized using Wang resin as the solid support. The HATU method has been shown to effectively accomplish ‘difficult’ couplings with the HmS(Ipr) residue. Wang resin is not suitable, for the synthesis of sequences with a C-terminal HmS because of the easy formation of the diketopiperazine resulting from the cyclization of the susceptible dipeptide sequence AA-HmS(Ipr) bound to the resin. A further drawback of the Wang resin methodology is the increased danger of the undersired N→O-acyl shift, when long-lasting acidic cleavage is applied. These side reactions are totally suppressed when the 2-chlorotrityl polystyrene is used as a solid support. The mild conditions (AcOH/TFE/DCM) applied for the peptide detachment from this resin do not affect the Ipr protection, affording highly pure fragments with HmS(Ipr) residues suitable for post-cleavage condensation, cyclization or controlled side-chain deprotection. This approach is documented by the efficient synthesis of linear and cyclic analogs of the opioid hexapeptide DTLET containing two residues of HmS or HmS(Ipr) in positions 2 and 6.     

Heating and microwave assisted SPPS of C-terminal acid peptides on trityl resin: the truth behind the yield

Despite correct purity of crude peptides prepared on trityl resin by Fmoc/tBu microwave assisted solid phase peptide synthesis, surprisingly, lower yields than those expected were obtained while preparing C-terminal acid peptides. This could be explained by cyclization/cleavage through diketopiperazine formation during the second amino acid deprotection and third amino acid coupling. However, we provide here evidence that this is not the case and that this yield loss was due to high temperature promoted hydrolysis of the 2-chlorotrityl ester, yielding premature cleavage of the C-terminal acid peptides.     

2-Chlorotrityl chloride resin. Studies on anchoring of Fmoc-amino acids and peptide cleavage

The esterification of 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin with Fmoc-amino acids in the presence of DIEA is studied under various conditions. High esterification yields are obtained using 0.6 equiv. Fmoc-amino acid/mmol resin in DCM or DCE, in 25 min, at room temperature. The reaction proceeds without by product formation even in the case of Fmoc-Asn and Fmoc-Gln. The quantitative and easy cleavage of amino acids and peptides from 2-chlorotrityl resin, by using AcOH/TFE/DCM mixtures, is accomplished within 15-60 min at room temperature, while t-butyl type protecting groups remain unaffected. Under these exceptionally mild conditions 2-chlorotrityl cations generated during the cleavage of amino acids and peptides from resin do not attack the nucleophilic side chains of Trp, Met, and Tyr.     

An efficient, convenient solid-phase synthesis of amino acid-modified peptide nucleic acid monomers and oligomers

An efficient and highly versatile method for the synthesis of amino acid-modified peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomers is described. By using solid-phase Fmoc techniques, such monomers can be assembled readily in a stepwise manner and obtained in high yield with minimal purification. Protected neutral hydrophilic, acidic, and basic amino acids were coupled to 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin. Following Fmoc removal, innovative conditions for the key step, reductive alkylation with N-Fmoc-aminoacetaldehyde, were developed to circumvent problems encountered with previously reported methods. Activation and coupling of pyrimidine and purine nucleobases to the resulting secondary amines afforded amino acid-modified PNA monomers. The mild reaction conditions utilized were compatible with sensitive and labile functional groups, such as tert-butyl ethers and tert-butyl esters. PNA monomers were obtained in 36-42% overall yield and very high purity, after cleavage and purification. Using standard solid-phase Fmoc chemistry, two of these monomers were incorporated with high coupling efficiency into a variety of modified PNA oligomers, including four tetradecamers designed to target bcl-2 mRNA. Such modified oligomers have the potential to enhance water solubility and cell portability, while maintaining hybridization affinity and promoting favorable biodistribution properties.     

Comparison of the solid-phase fragment condensation and phase-change approaches in the synthesis of salmon I calcitonin.

Salmon I calcitonin was synthesized using both phase-change and conventional solid-phase fragment condensation (SPFC) approaches, utilizing the Rink amide linker (Fmoc-amido-2,4-dimethoxybenzyl-4-phenoxyacetic acid) combined with 2-chlorotrityl resin and the Fmoc/tBu(Trt)-based protection scheme. Phase-change synthesis, performed by the selective detachment of the fully protected C-terminal 22-mer peptide-linker from the resin and subsequent condensation in solution with the N-terminal 1-10 fragment, gave a product of slightly less purity (85 vs. 92%) than the corresponding synthesis on the solid-phase. In both cases salmon I calcitonin was easily obtained in high purity.     

Comparison of the stepwise and convergent approaches in the solid-phase synthesis of rat Tyr0-atriopeptin II

Tyr⁰-Atriopeptin II was synthesized on a 2-chlorotrityl resin by both the stepwise and the convergent approach. For both methods an Fmoc/tBu(Trt)-based protection scheme was used. The convergent methodology utilizes the sequential condensation of four protected peptide fragments. These were chosen so that after every condensation reaction, the amino-terminal region of the newly formed resin-bound peptide did not contain a -turn. This designed convergent synthesis gave the target peptide in much higher yield and purity than the conventional step-by-step synthesis.     

Comparison of the stepwise and convergent approaches in the solid-phase synthesis of rat Tyr0-atriopeptin II

Summary Tyr^o-Atriopeptin II was synthesized on a 2-chlorotrityl resin by both, the stepwise and the convergent approach. For both methods an Fmoc/tBu(Trt)-based protection scheme was used. The convergent methodology utilizes the sequential condensation of four protected peptide fragments. These were chosen so that after every condensation reaction, the amino-terminal region of the newly formed resin-bound peptide did not contain a β-turn. This ‘designed’ convergent synthesis gave the target peptide in much higher yield and purity than the conventional stepby-step synthesis. HOAc, acetic acid; Boc,tert-butyloxycarbonyl; DCC, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide: DCM, dichloromethane; DIC, diisopropylcarbodiimide; DIEA,N,N-diisopropylethylamine; DMFN,N-dimethylformamide; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; EDT. ethanedithiol; FAB-MS, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry; Fmoc, 9-luorenylmethoxycarbonyl; HOBt, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; i-PrOH, isopropanol; Mmt, 4-methoxytrityl; PEG-PS, polvethyleneglycol grafted polystyrene; Pme, 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman-6-sulfonyl; RP, reversed phase; rt, room temperature; SPPS, solid phase peptide synthesis;tBu,tert-butyl; TFA, trifluoroacetic acid; TFE, trifluoroethanol; TLC, thin layer chromatography; Trt, triphenylmethyl, trityl. Abbreviations used for amino acids follow the rules of the IUPAC-IUB Commission of Biochemical Nomenclature [J. Biol. Chem. 247 (1972), 977]. All amino acids are of the L-configuration.     

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ES-2发酵产抗菌脂肽消泡剂的筛选及脂肽的提取和纯化

将大豆油、有机硅消泡剂和聚醚类消泡剂3种消泡剂分别用于Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ES-2抗菌脂肽发酵,研究表明大豆油既可以实现消泡,又有利于抗菌脂肽的发酵,使其产量达到了2497.67mg/L。经过提取得到纯度为55.68%的产品,提取率达到88.72%。此外还比较了不同大孔树脂对抗菌脂肽吸附和解吸附效果,发现大孔树脂X-5最适合抗菌脂肽的纯化。纯化的工艺参数为:上样浓度14.4mg/ml、上样速率1ml/min,洗脱速率2ml/min、洗脱剂用量2.5BV,产品的回收率达90.01%,纯度达74.4%。