中国新记录属多孔衣属及新记录种绿白多孔衣（英文）

报道了文字衣科地衣1新记录属,即多孔衣属Myriotrema及该属的新记录种——绿白多孔衣M.viridialbum。多孔衣属主要特征是地衣体壳状,子囊盘小型埋生至半埋生,子囊孢子小型、淀粉质、横隔透镜型至砖壁型。绿白多孔衣的主要特征是具厚地衣体,小型透明亚砖壁型子囊孢子,含有hypoprotocetraric acid。标本采自海南和福建。文中对新记录种提供了详细描述和显微结构图片。     

中国粪壳纲一个新记录属和两个新记录种

在对我国腐生粪壳纲真菌的研究中,发现了1个新记录属和2个中国新记录种。3个种均形成闭囊果,果上生独特的子囊果毛,子囊孢子单细胞、暗色。异果刺囊壳Ascotricha distans的主要特征为产生具膝曲状合轴分枝的子囊果毛,子囊孢子具芽缝,无性阶段为Dicyma型,归属炭角菌目炭角菌科。旋毛米氏壳Emilmuelleria spirotricha和粪闭毛壳Chaetomidium fimeti产生具芽孔、表面光滑的子囊孢子,归属粪壳目毛壳科。其中米氏壳属作为单种属,是我国的一个新记录属。文中对各个种进行了形态描述和讨论。研究菌株保存于中国科学院微生物研究所中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心。     

假球壳科Comoclathris属一新种（英文）

为了建立具砖格状子囊孢子的座囊菌进化关系并解决其多系群的问题,我们通过多基因系统发育分析的方法探讨了其自然的分类系统。本文描述了具有砖格状子囊孢子的一个新种Comoclathris lini。采用LSU、SSU和ITS序列进行的多基因联合分析表明,所有的Comoclathris属菌株聚在同一单系进化支上,其中包括了由C.lini新种菌株组成的单独分支。文中为新种提供了图示,并与Comoclathris属其他种及多孢子菌属各种进行了比较。     

中国木霉属两个新种

报道了采自我国海南省和福建省的木霉属Trichoderma 2个新种。南方木霉子座紫色至紫红色,垫状至盘状,子囊壳壁橙色至橙褐色,子囊孢子无色;绿黄木霉具有淡黄色子座,绿色孔口,球形至近球形的子囊壳,以及大的子囊和绿色子囊孢子。提供了这2个种的详细描述及宏观和微观特征的图示。     

印度块菌子囊果内部解剖结构的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对成熟印度块菌子囊果的内部结构进行了观察,以系统揭示其子囊果内部组织特征,为块菌属的分类以及块菌属真菌子囊果的生理研究奠定基础。观察结果进一步证明,成熟印度块菌子囊果横切面上的白色迷宫状脉络是由不育的侧丝构成,而暗脉则是被侧丝缠绕并包裹着的可育的菌丝组织,即产孢组织,这些白色脉络和暗脉就构成了印度块菌子囊果横切面上迷宫状的纹脉;产孢组织中,可观察到正在发育的大大小小的子囊被缠绕在一起的大量产囊丝与侧丝包裹着,形成密密麻麻微小的类似蜂巢状结构;子囊孢子游离于子囊中,成熟子囊孢子表面有刺状纹饰,刺的顶端有小弯钩。单个子囊内含的子囊孢子大小与其内含的子囊孢子数目有关,子囊内所含的子囊孢子越多,子囊孢子就越小。     

盾盘菌属一个新的球孢种——中国盾盘菌

本文报道在我国贵州省发现的一个盾盘菌属新种。此新种具有独特的球形子囊孢子,与该属中目前已知的球孢种类截然不同,故命名为中国盾盘菌Scutellinia sinensis M.H.Liu。根据Schumacher的分类系统,此新种应归属于盾盘菌属Scutellinia中的列氏亚属Subg.Legalia,列氏组Sect.Legalia,列氏系Ser.Legalia。与此新种近似的种是沼生盾盘菌S.paludicola(Boud.)Le Gal,但后者在许多方面均不同于此新种,特别是它的较大的子囊和子囊孢子,孢子表面特征也明显不同。     

关于保留球毛壳与橄榄色毛壳作为不同种的见解

球毛壳(Chaetomium globosum Kze.)系 Kunze 于1817年报道见于丹麦石竹(Dianthus carthusianorum L.)茎上的毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)的第一个种(模式种)。Cooke and Ellis 在1878年描述了见于飞蓬属(Erigeron L.)腐茎上的橄榄色毛壳(C.oliaceum C.et E.)。在 Chivers(1915)、Skolko and Groves(1953)、Udagawa(1960)、Ames(1963)和 Seth(1972)关于毛壳菌属的专著都曾指出很难划分这两个种的界限。Skolk and Groves(1953)区分此两个种时以橄榄色毛壳具有较大的子囊壳、较宽的顶附属丝和较大的子囊孢子,而 Chivers(1915)则认为橄榄色毛壳是球毛壳的异名,Udagawa(1960)区分此两个种仅根据子囊孢子的长度和宽度,他认为橄榄色毛壳的子囊孢子大于球毛壳的子囊孢子。Seth(1972)在他的专著中虽保留此两个种作为独立种,但他指出限于他镜检过的标本材料及根据 Chivers 专著中的球毛壳的特征辑要概括了橄榄色毛壳的特征,对这两个种的区分界限确实是很难划分的。最近我们在北京采集和分离了来源于不同的植物和动物材料上的毛壳菌种类,以期进行北京地区毛壳菌种类调查研究。我们分离获得许多球毛壳——橄榄色毛壳类的毛壳菌菌株。参考了不同作者对这两个种的子囊壳、顶附属丝、侧附属丝、子囊及子囊孢子的特征记载,对北京的这一类型菌株进行了细致研究,认为球毛壳与橄榄色毛壳确有形态学特征区别,表现在橄榄色毛壳的子囊壳、顶附属丝和子囊孢子较球毛壳的更为粗壮,兼之球毛壳的顶附属丝较橄榄色毛壳的为窄且有分隔和微粗糙,球毛壳的子囊孢子呈浅橄榄褐色至暗橄榄褐色,含两个折光性油滴而橄榄色毛壳的子囊孢子呈暗橄榄褐色,量度亦较大,凭依经验即可鉴别此两个不同种。     

中国大陆多毛类猫耳衣属一新记录种(英文)

报道了猫耳衣属多毛类地衣一中国大陆新记录种——小黑猫耳衣(Leptogium trichophoroides),与其他国家和地区相比,该种在中国大陆具有更宽的海拔分布范围和稍大的子囊孢子。     

采自哈纳斯的中国地衣新记录属

报道了采自哈纳斯的一个中国新记录属:木炭衣属(Placynthiella),并对中国新记录种黑木炭衣(P.oligotropha)的形态特征,子囊盘、子囊、子囊孢子和侧丝等解剖特征以及化学特征和生境进行描述,并提供了相关图片。     

广西地衣新记录属——炭刺文衣属

该文报道了文字衣科(Graphidaceae)地衣一广西新记录属——炭刺文衣属(Carbacanthographis).该属主要特征是子囊盘面闭合,果壳炭化,盘唇具白色粉霜层,类缘丝具疣,子囊孢子砖壁型或横隔双透镜型,I-或微I+.枯炭刺文衣,标本采自广西金秀圣堂山,该种特征是线盘明显、盘被两侧炭化、子囊孢子无色砖壁型、孢子大小(12.5-20)×(5-7.5)μm、地衣体含有水杨嗪酸.该属是中国稀有属,迄今仅有1种报道.该种首次在内陆自然环境中发现,这对于炭刺文衣属及其类群的区系研究、物种保护和利用具有很重要的意义.     

A new species of the genus Chlorencoelia (Helotiales) from China

Chlorencoelia collections from different regions of China were examined. A new species is discovered and named as C. macrospora. The most significant features to distinguish the new species from any other known species of the genus are its very large acsi and ascospores. Three of the five known species of the genus are found from China.     

Nematococcomyces rhododendri, a new species in a new genus of the Rhytismatales from China

A fungus belonging to the Rhytismatales found on twigs of Rhododendron lutescens in Yunnan, southwestern China, is described as a new species in a new genus. It is characterized by Coccomyces-like ascomata but differs in having elliptical ascospores with filiform, hyaline appendages. The ascospores of this new taxon are somewhat similar to those of species of Parvacoccum, but the latter has symmetrical, fusiform ascospores with funnel-shaped appendages. The new genus also is distinct from Hypoderma, Hypodermella, Myriophacidium, Ploioderma, Neococcomyces and Therrya.     

A new species of Acanthostigma (Tubeufiaceae, Dothideomycetes) from the southern hemisphere

A new species belonging to the Dothideomycete genus Acanthostigma is described from bark of two Nothofagus species from Argentina. Its identity as a new species is based on both morphology and molecular sequence data. Acanthostigma patagonica differs from other species in the genus by having larger ascomata and setae and wider, asymmetrical ascospores. An amended key to Acanthostigma species is provided along with a discussion of other species previously described from South America.     

Two new species of Neosartorya isolated from soil in Xinjiang, China

Two new species, Neosartorya shendaweii and N. tsunodae, isolated from soil in Xinjing, China and in Pernambuco, Brazil, are described and illustrated. The first species is characterized by its ascospores with two widely separated equatorial crests and tuberculate to verrucose convex surfaces. This species has affinities with several known species of the genus, bearing ascospores with a similar ornamentation, but can be distinguished from these species by other morphological characteristics such as smaller cleistothecia and conidiophores, spathulate vesicles and rather ellipsoidal conidia. The second species is characterized by its unique ascospores with two low equatorial crests, an evident furrow as a deep depression, and finely reticulate convex surfaces. The validation of these new species is supported further by analyses of the β-tubulin, calmodulin and actin gene sequences.     

A new species ofNeosartorya from Taiwan soil

A new species ofNeosartorya, N. multiplicata (anam.Aspergillus multiplicatus), isolated from soil collected at Houli, Taichung, in Taiwan, is described and illustrated. The species is characterized by its restricted growth on Czapek agar, white ascomata, nearly globose ascospores with ribbed surface ornamentation of several linear ridges, and a limited development of conidia on common media. A key to all accepted species of the genus is provided.     

Aquatic fungi from peat swamp palms: Phruensis brunneispora gen. et sp. nov. and its hyphomycete anamorph

Phruensis brunneispora is a new genus and species occurring on decaying trunks of the palm Licuala longecalycata in Sirindhorn Peat Swamp Forest, Thailand. We compare the genus with other aquatic ascomycetes with falcate septate ascospores: Pseudohalonectria and Ophioceras. Ascospores differ from species in these genera in being brown with lighter end cells. Also, the ascus pore is subapical, with a channel leading to the apex. Lollipopaia minuta differs from Phruensis brunneispora in that the ascomata are borne in a stroma, asci have an apical pore and the ascospores are hyaline. No genus was found to accommodate the new species. Molecular analysis of rDNA ribosomal 18S confirmed the exclusion of the new species from Pseudohalonectria, and Ophioceras and Lollipopaia minuta formed a sister group with it. Phruensis brunneispora and Lollipopaia minuta grouped in the Diaporthales with 100% bootstrap support. Therefore, both morphological and molecular evidence supports erecting a new genus to accommodate this taxon. A hyaline Phialophora-like anamorph was formed when single ascospores were plated out on agar. The taxon is described and illustrated with light micrographs.     

Dyrithiopsis lakefuxianensis gen. et sp. nov. from Fuxian Lake, Yunnan, China, and notes on the taxonomic confusion surrounding Dyrithium

A new taxon with Dyrithium-like characteristics was collected from Lake Fuxian in China. The taxon is typical of the Amphisphaeriaceae in that it has relatively large, ostiolate, immersed ascomata, unitunicate asci with a J+ subapical ring, and brown ascospores. It is similar to Dyrithium in that it has muriform ascospores, but considerable confusion surrounds this genus. In Dyrithium asci are bitunicate and lack a J+ subapical ring, while this was not true of our species. A new genus, Dyrithiopsis, therefore is established to accommodate this new taxon. Details of its anamorph also are provided, based on cultural studies. Parsimony analyses of part of the large-subunit rDNA provide further evidence to support the familial placement of this new genus in the Amphisphaeriaceae. The taxonomic position of Dyrithium also is discussed.     

A new species of petalosporus

Summary A new species ofPetalosporus, P. anodosus, is described and illustrated. Two isolates representing this species were isolated from dung in California. The new species differs from the only other species of the genus,P. nodulosus, by the lack of thick-walled peridial hyphae with enlargements at the septa and by the absence of disarticulation of peridial elements. Peridial hyphae inP. anodosus have walls which are somewhat thickened and the cells are often variable in diameter. Conglomerate ascospores usually assume the petaloid arrangement characteristic of the genus.