Ten-Year-Replicated Circadian Profiles for 36 Physiological,Serological and Urinary Variables in Healthy Men

At 3-hr intervals over a 24-hr span, 36 systemic, serologic and urinary variables were examined in 7 men in their mid 20's in the Spring of 1969, and again in the same 7 men in the Spring of 1979 under a similar chronobiologic protocol, using the same chemical and numerical analytical procedures. The variables examined for rhythms by cosinor were: vital signs—blood pressure (systoliC., diastoliC., pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure), heart rate, intraocular pressure (left and right), oral temperature; serum components—albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, total bilirubin, calcium, carbon dioxide, chlorides, bilirubin, cholesterol, globulin, glucose, potassium, sodium, sodium/potassium ratio, transaminase, triglycerides, total protein, urea nitrogen; and urine components—calcium, calcium/magnesium ratio, creatinine, magnesium, pH, potassium, sodium, sodium/potassium ratio, urea clearance, urea nitrogen, volume and zinc. Although all subjects appeared clinically healthy in 1969 and in 1979, certain inter-study differences were observed in a number of rhythm parameters of different variables. Statistically significant increases in mesor for the group as a whole were observed forserum Ca, cholesterol, Cl, CO₂, K, Na, and while statistically significant mesor decreases for a group as a whole were noted in serum glucose and transaminase. Statistically significant increases in amplitude for the group as a whole were observed in serum chloride and urinary Na/K ratio, while statistically signficiant decreases were observed in amplitude for blood pressure, heart rate, serum albumin, A/G ratio, globulin, glucose, protein, sodium and transaminase. For the group as a whole, a statistically significant advance in acrophase was observed in serum transaminase, while a statistically significant delay in acrophase was observed for serum A/G ratio, globulin, glucose, potassium, protein, sodium and for urinary magnesium. Statistically significant by sign test, but not by cosinor, was a numerical mesor increase for urinary urea clearance, a numerical decrease in mesor for urinary zinc; a numerical amplitude decrease for serum cholesterol; and a numerical delay in acrophase for oral temperature and serum cholesterol, CO², and globulin in all men examined. Only mesor changes in serum cholesterol and urinary Ca/Mg were positively correlated with the change in body size over the 10-year span between studies.

From a circadian chronobiologic perspective, the immense amount of data uniquely reviewed in this report across a 10-year span in seven healthy individuals serves a useful beginning to the study of the effects of normal aging upon commonly measured physiologic and biochemical variables and, more importantly, upon the circadian rhythm characteristics of these variables. A great deal of supposition about what happens to the mesor, amplitude and acrophase of an individual's circadian rhythms in a variety of endpoints has been based upon transverse studies of short duration and relatively few longterm studies. The further accumulation of data such as presented here and similar long-term longitudinal time series can have no adequate substitute for truly understanding whether reproducible age-related changes in circadian rhythms occur as individuals age.

With these qualifications and with the further qualification that the timing of our observations within the aging process (mid-20's and mid-30's) may be suboptimal for conclusions about aging, very interesting trends definitely appear worth comment. There is some evidence in these data that the flattening of circadian rhythms may really accompany advancing age. In grouped data, this fall in amplitude may be secondary to an isolated fall in predictable swing around the mesor or a combination of this and increased variability of the acrophase with or without amplitude changes. The data are not robust enough to be sure of the relative contribution of these two components. In any event, the circadian amplitude of each and every physiologic variable studied demonstrated a tendency to fall between the mid-20's and mid- 30's. This tendency toward a flattening of circadian variability is also a very prominent property of many of the serum chemistries which were measured. The circadian patterns of excretion of substances in the urine change much less between the mid-20's and mid-30's in our subjects. These findings may indicate a separate effect of aging especially upon metabolic hepatic variables and upon nephrologic circadian rhythms. Cardiovascular rhythms seem to change more in parallel with hepatic metabolic rhythms in contradistinction to the kidney-related serum and urinary rhythms.

Further, ongoing statistical analyses may hopefully turn up interesting and relevant cross-correlations among the individual data themselves in each study year and between the 10-year span, as well as with rhythm (mesor, amplitude and acrophase) and other physiologic characteristics of each subject. Planned re-observation of what happens to the circadian time structure of these seven individuals in their mid-40's will prove invaluable to further sorting out of the effects of aging upon circadian time structure.     

Hematology and serum chemistry of cottontail rabbits of southern Illinois.

In 1983 and 1984 blood was collected from 79 cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) confined to an outdoor enclosure in southern Illinois to establish reference values for hematology and serum chemistry. Packed cell volume, sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose, calcium, carbon dioxide, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransaminase, total protein, albumin/globulin ratio, and osmolality were measured. Sex and age (adult versus juvenile) of rabbit as well as season (June to September versus October to May) and method of capture (trap versus shot) variously affected most hematology and serum chemistry variables.     

Influence of dietary culture material containing aflatoxin and T<Subscript>2</Subscript> toxin on certain serum biochemical constituents in Japanese quail

Forty newly hatched unsexed Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks were fed diets containing 3 ppm aflatoxin (AF) and 4 ppm T₂ toxin either singly and in combination for 35 days. Sera samples were collected from six birds in each group at the end of the trial to study the effect of certain serum biochemical parameters. Highly significant (P < 0.01) differences were observed for serum total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) between control and toxin treated groups. Toxin treated groups did not reveal any significant difference for serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium. There was a reduction in the levels of serum total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, ALT and elevation of AST and GGT and variable ALP levels observed in toxin treated groups. Forms part of M.V.Sc. thesis of first author approved by the Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600 051, India.     

Blood serum chemistry measurements of normal and acutely stressed channel catfish

1. An automated blood serum chemistry analytical system designed for human usage was employed to establish the levels of 26 different components present in sera obtained from various experimental groups of channel catfish. 2. Comparisons of samples from feral and commercial production pond fish during warm months indicated statistically significant differences in the serum levels of sodium, CO2, urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, cholesterol, creatinine and protein. 3. Laboratory acclimated and production pond fish exhibited differences in serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus), serum metabolites (urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglycerides), serum enzymes [gamma-glutamyl transferase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, and amylase], and serum iron. 4. Seasonal (temperature?) differences in production pond fish were noted for 12 serum components including potassium, magnesium, CO2, glucose, creatinine, albumin, iron, alkaline phosphatase, and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT). 5. Comparisons of samples obtained from laboratory-acclimated fish before and 18 hours after acute handling and transport stress revealed significant differences in only three serum parameters: glucose, LDH, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). 6. These studies suggest that "normal" values established by any method of sera analysis may be different in the same species depending on the diet, season, and presence of environmental stressors.     

Baseline blood chemistry determinations in the squirrel monkey (SAimiri sciureus).

Sera from 129 squirrel monkeys, Saimiri sciureus, were analyzed for 15 chemical constituents. The values obtained were then analyzed for statistical significance causing the following sets of variables: (1) colony-bred versus noncolony-bred, (2) karyotype (3) vendor, (4) sex and (5) dietary iodine supplementation versus nonsupplementation. Calcium, inorganic phosphorous, albumin, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, alkaline phosphatase and potassium were high in colony-bred animals. Cholesterol, total protein and chloride were lower in colony-bred animals than in noncolony-bred animals. No differences were seen in total bilirubin, lactic dehydrogenase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and sodium. When the noncolony-bred animals were separated by karyotype, total protein was higher and chloride was lower between animals from Peru versus from Guyana. Colombian animals had total protein values lower than Peruvian and lactic dehydrogenase values higher than Peruvian. Colony-bred Peruvian monkeys had serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase values higher than colony-bred Colombian monkeys. No differences were observed between monkeys from different vendors. Chemical constituents higher between noncolony-bred males and females were calcium and alkaline phosphatase. There were no differences observed for colony-bred males and females. Dietary iodine supplementation appeared to increase both total bilirubin and calcium.     

Serum Biochemical Phenotypes in the Domestic Dog

The serum or plasma biochemical profile is essential in the diagnosis and monitoring of systemic disease in veterinary medicine, but current reference intervals typically take no account of breed-specific differences. Breed-specific hematological phenotypes have been documented in the domestic dog, but little has been published on serum biochemical phenotypes in this species. Serum biochemical profiles of dogs in which all measurements fell within the existing reference intervals were retrieved from a large veterinary database. Serum biochemical profiles from 3045 dogs were retrieved, of which 1495 had an accompanying normal glucose concentration. Sixty pure breeds plus a mixed breed control group were represented by at least 10 individuals. All analytes, except for sodium, chloride and glucose, showed variation with age. Total protein, globulin, potassium, chloride, creatinine, cholesterol, total bilirubin, ALT, CK, amylase, and lipase varied between sexes. Neutering status significantly impacted all analytes except albumin, sodium, calcium, urea, and glucose. Principal component analysis of serum biochemical data revealed 36 pure breeds with distinctive phenotypes. Furthermore, comparative analysis identified 23 breeds with significant differences from the mixed breed group in all biochemical analytes except urea and glucose. Eighteen breeds were identified by both principal component and comparative analysis. Tentative reference intervals were generated for breeds with a distinctive phenotype identified by comparative analysis and represented by at least 120 individuals. This is the first large-scale analysis of breed-specific serum biochemical phenotypes in the domestic dog and highlights potential genetic components of biochemical traits in this species.     

Anti-trichomonal, biochemical and toxicological activities of methanolic extract and some carbazole alkaloids isolated from the leaves of Murraya koenigii growing in Nigeria

The methanolic extract of Murraya koenigii leaf was screened for toxicological and biochemical effects on rats because of the folkloric uses as an anti-dysentery and anti-diabetes. The extract was moderately toxic (LD(50)=316.23 mg/kg body weight) to rats and had appreciable effect on the liver and kidney at higher doses leading to liver inflammation. It had little or no effect on haematology and relative organ weight of lungs, heart and spleen. Acute doses (500 mg/kg) reduced significantly serum globulin, albumin, urea, glucose, total protein, aspartate transaminase (AST), and increased cholesterol and alanine transaminase (ALT) indicating hepatic injury. However, chronic administration for 14 days gave a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the serum cholesterol, glucose, urea, bilirubin, ALT and AST showing that the plant has hypoglycaemic and hepatoprotective effects after prolonged use. The activity demonstrated by some of the isolated carbazole alkaloids and their derivatives against Trichomonas gallinae confirmed that the anti-trichomonal activity of the leaf may be due to its carbazole alkaloids. The order of activity was C(18)>C(23)>C(13). Girinimbine and girinimbilol with IC(50) values of 1.08 and 1.20 microg/ml were the most active. Acetylation of girinimbilol and mahanimbilol improved their activities to 0.60 and 1.08 microg/ml.     

扎龙自然保护区雌性丹顶鹤血液生化指标

2004年11月至2005年9月,采用自动生化分析仪对扎龙自然保护区10只雌性成体丹顶鹤在越冬期、繁殖期和迁徙期的20项血液生化指标（总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、直接胆红素、间接胆红素、总胆红素、血糖、尿素氮、肌酐、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、肌酸肌酶、羟丁酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶、钙离子、无机磷和镁离子）进行了分析.结果表明：除总蛋白、球蛋白和血糖外,研究区雌性丹顶鹤血液中的其他指标均在不同时期之间表现出显著（P<0.05）或极显著差异（P<0.01).说明总蛋白、球蛋白和血糖可作为雌性丹顶鹤血液生化指标的可靠参考值,其他17项血液生化指标的年变化动态体现出雌性丹顶鹤在不同生理时期的生理特征和生态适应性.如果以这17项血液生化指标作为雌性丹顶鹤血液生化指标的参考值,就必须考虑不同生理时期对其含量的影响.     

Trichinella spiralis: Alterations of blood chemistry in the mouse

Alterations in host blood chemistry during mouse trichinosis were studied. Mice infected with Trichinella spiralis showed depressions in serum glucose, serum pyruvate, serum total cholesterol, serum bilirubin, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum total proteins, serum total globulin, uric acid, albumin, and A/G ratio below levels found in uninfected animals. The concentrations of serum lactic dehydrogenase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and serum creatine phosphokinase in infected mice were above that of uninfected mice. Hemoglobin, packed-cell volume (Hematocrit), creatinine, and calcium were at similar levels in infected and uninfected mice. These changes are discussed in terms of primary pathophysiologic lesions occurring in the gut and muscles of the trichinous host.     

An integrated assessment of lead exposure in children: Correlation with biochemical and haematological indices

BackgroundLead (Pb) is a worldwide concern due to its persistent property in the environment. However, due to diminutive evidence and elusiveness, the impact of lead exposure on the biochemical and haematological parameter in school-age children is not well established.AimThis study primarily aimed to investigate blood lead (BL) in children and its association with haematological and biochemical parameter.MethodsA total of 43 children (4–12 years) were recruited in each control and study group. Furthermore, the study group were subdivided into two groups (group A (<10 μg/dl) and group B (>10 μg/dl)). BL level, haematological parameter including haemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cells, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, total leukocytes count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width, eosinophil’s, platelets in the whole blood and biochemical parameter such as liver function test (total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, total protein, albumin) and kidney function test (sodium, potassium, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine) in serum were measured using anodic stripping voltammeter (ASV), Cell-Dyn Ruby Haematology analyser, Beckman coulter Unicel Dxc 800 Synchron Clinical analyser respectively.ResultsThe arithmetical mean of BL level was 19.93 ± 9.22 μg/dl (median: 17.5 μg/dl; range 9.1–37.4 μg/dl). Only 21 % children had BL levels <10 μg/dl and there were 79 % children with BL levels >10 μg/dl. Blood mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, Neutrophils, Monocytes were significantly higher between the control and study group. Additionally, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cells, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, Lymphocytes and mean corpuscular volume intensities were significantly lower in >10 μg/dl group whereas total leukocytes count, neutrophils, monocytes, red cell distribution width, eosinophil’s, platelets levels were statistically higher (p < 0.001).Serum alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, total protein, were higher (p < 0.05) and sodium, albumin were significantly lower in the study group. The mean value of sodium, potassium, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, total protein and blood urea nitrogen, creatinine in two groups (<10 μg/dl and >10 μg/dl) was not significantly different. Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase level was significantly higher (p = 0.015) while albumin levels were significantly lower (p = 0.034) in >10 μg/dl group. A statistically significant correlation of BL levels with all haematological parameters was also observed. Creatinine is positively and albumin was negatively correlated with BL levels.ConclusionThe outcomes specify that high BL levels were significantly associated with higher haematological and biochemical indices in exposed children. However, lead like noxious metals severely affected the haematological, kidney and liver health of children.     

Plasma biochemistry changes in thoroughbred foals during the first 4 weeks of life.

Changes in plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, total carbon dioxide, urea, creatinine, glucose, total bilirubin, iron, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate amino transferase (AST), calcium, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol and triglycerides were studied in 45 Thoroughbred foals 15 min to 28 days after birth. The results were analysed in 3 groups; Group 1 (0--12 h), Group 2 (12--36 h), Group 3 (1--4 weeks). When Group 2 was compared to Group 1, there were significant reductions of sodium, creatinine, iron and calcium and elevations of total protein and bilirubin. When Group 3 was compared to Group 1 there were significant reductions of sodium, chloride, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, iron and AP. Significant elevations occurred in glucose, total protein, AST, inorganic phosphorus and triglycerides.     

Alterations in Biochemical Parameters During Subacute Toxicity of Fluoride Alone and in Conjunction with Aluminum Sulfate in Goats

Fluoride toxicity is a serious health problem in many parts of the globe. In present study, sodium fluoride at 20 mg/kg alone and in conjunction with aluminum sulfate at 150 mg/kg was administered orally daily for 30 days in healthy goats of group 1 and 2, respectively, to access the alterations in the various biochemical parameters during subacute toxicity of fluoride alone and in conjunction with aluminum sulfate. In Group 1, significant alterations in plasma glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, magnesium, and sodium were observed on different days of exposure from their pre-exposure values. However, no significant changes were observed in plasma calcium, phosphorus, and potassium on different days of exposure of sodium fluoride. Similar type of biochemical alterations were noticed in the goats of Group 2 except BUN, total protein magnesium, and sodium. On the basis of results, it could be concluded that sodium fluoride alone and in conjunction with aluminum sulfate produced significant alterations in the various biochemical parameters of the body. Part of M.V.Sc. research conducted in Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, F.V.Sc. and A.H., SKUAST-J, R.S. Pura, Jammu-181102, J&K, INDIA.     

Comparison between serum values of pond and intensive raceway cultured channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque)

Blood serum components in channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) were compared between raceway (with low dissolved oxygen) and pond populations. Normal limits were defined for the pond populations, for each of 18 variables, as ± two standard deviations. Carbon dioxide, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, uric acid, creatinine, sodium, and total bilirubin were all lower in fish raised in raceways. Carbon dioxide and sodium had the greatest reductions; all reductions were statistically significant.
Alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, calcium, cholesterol, and glucose values were higher in raceway fish, but only alkaline phosphatase and glucose were significantly higher.     

Physiological responses of the adult male collared peccary, Tayassu tajacu (Tayassuidae), to severe dietary restriction

Metabolic and hormonal responses of eight adult male collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) to an ad libitum diet intake, or 25% of an ad libitum intake, were examined. Blood samples for hematological, serum-biochemical and hormonal profiles were collected at three week intervals during the nine week experiment starting 4 August 1983. Males fed on the restricted diet lost an average of 26% of their body weight during the trial, compared to a slight weight gain for those fed ad libitum. Characteristics of the red and white blood cell populations were not influenced by diet intake, with the exception of mean corpuscular volume, which was consistently lower amongst males fed on the restricted diet. Restricted food intake resulted in significantly elevated serum values for urea nitrogen, urea nitrogen:creatinine, urea index, alpha globulin:beta globulin, gamma globulin:albumin, nonesterified fatty acids, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase isozymes (LD1 and LD2). Restricted food intake resulted in significantly lowered serum values for total alpha globulin, alpha-1 globulin, total beta globulin, beta-1 globulin, beta-2 globulin, glucose, triglycerides, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, copper and triiodothyronine. Serum levels of creatinine, total protein, albumin, alpha-2 globulin, uric acid, total bilirubin, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphorus, calcium:phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc and thyroxine were unaffected by diet intake level. Semen evaluation indicated spermatogenesis was not affected by dietary restriction despite reductions in scrotal circumference and ejaculate gel volume. Serum testosterone levels were significantly lower among males fed on the restricted diet after nine weeks. These data suggest male libido might be depressed during poor range conditions, while maintenance of spermatogenesis might permit them to take immediate advantage of improved range conditions. Blood analysis of metabolic and hormonal function can provide useful information for predicting the adult male's nutritional and reproductive condition.     

Seasonal levels of minerals, enzymes, nutrients and metabolic products in plasma of intact and castrated adult male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

1. Alkaline phosphatase (AP), cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, urea nitrogen, calcium, glucose, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) were measured in the plasma of three intact and three castrated male deer. 2. A statistically significant seasonal cycle of AP, cholesterol, creatinine and uric acid was found in intact but not in castrated animals. 3. Monthly levels of total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen, bilirubin and calcium were significantly higher in castrated deer. 4. On the other hand, monthly levels of LDH and SGOT were higher in intact animals.     

Variability and stability of selected components in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri serum and the precision of automated analysis in measuring these components*

Eighteen components in rainbow trout serum were tested for variability among individuals and stability during storage. In addition, the precision of an automated serum analysis system was determined. Stability of serum components was observed over 42 days at temperatures of 25° C, 4° C and - 10° C. Components tested included: albumin, total protein, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, chloride, glucose, potassium, sodium, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, a-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, phosphohexose isomerase, inorganic phosphorus, calcium, creatinine, and creatine phosphokinase. Fish serum was generally more stable than human serum when stored at 25° C and 4° C and similar in stability at - 10° C. Precision of analytical methodologies was excellent for all components measured except creatine phosphokinase.     

Characteristics of fresh and cryopreserved Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) semen and its seminal plasma chemical constituents

Semen was collected by electroejaculation from four Siberian tigers. The cells were separated from the seminal plasma by centrifugation, extended in TEST-yolk buffer with 4% glycerol and frozen for a Sephadex filtration assay. The seminal plasma was analyzed for chemical constituents and characteristics. There were significant differences between tigers for volume, cell concentration, pre- and post-thaw motility, total cells, percent live/normal cells, pH, specific gravity, albumin, alkaline phosphate, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total protein, urea nitrogen, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide and glucose. There were no differences between tigers for total live cells, osmotic pressure, acid phosphatase, sodium, phosphorus, calcium, or creatinine. There were significant differences between months only for pre-freeze motility, albumin, chloride, carbon dioxide, and calcium. The differences in seminal plasma chemistry may be useful for semen quality evaluation after successful breeding techniques have been developed. As the data base of information concerning the reproductive physiology of tigers increases, application of advanced technologies may become a reality.     

Variables associated with peripartum traits in dairy cows. III. Effect of diets and disorders on certain blood traits

BLood samples were collected from 89 Holstein cows on days 220 and 250 of gestation, within 24 hr prepartum and postpartum and on day 30 postpartum. Balanced diets which contained either chopped hay (29 cows), hay crop silage (HCS; 30 cows) or corn silage (CS; 30 cows) were fed from day 220 of gestation to day 30 postpartum. The purpose was to determine if variations in certain blood traits were indicative of peripartum and postpartum disorders. The blood traits evaluated were concentrations of plasma total protein, whole blood hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and white blood cells, and serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), glucose, urea nitrogen, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and sodium. No blood trait was useful to predict a disorder prior to its visual signs with one possible exception. Serum glucose and calcium were lower and SGOT and magnesium were higher peripartum which was prior to death of three cows from fat cow syndrome.     

Reference Values for Orcadian Rhythms of 98 Variables in Clinically Healthy Men in the Fifth Decade of Life

Nine clinically healthy men, 41-47 yr of age, served as subjects in a 24-hr study conducted at the Edward Hines Jr Veterans Administration Hospital in the Chicago area in May 1988. Physiologic measurements, and blood and urine samples were collected at 3-hr intervals over a single 24-hr period beginning at 1900. The number of variables measured or calculated (total = 98) included: 6 vital signs (oral temperature, pulse, blood- and intraocular pressures); 16 in whole blood (counts and differentials); 50 in serum (SMAC-24, lipids, hormones, electrophoresis of LDH and proteins); and 26 in urine (solids, proteins, creatinine, catecholamines, melatonin, Cortisol, electrolytes and metals). Data were analyzed for time effect by analysis of variance (ANO VA) and for circadian rhythm by single cosinor. Individual rhythm characteristics for each variable were summarized for the group by population mean cosinor. The vast majority of variables revealed statistically significant within-day changes in values as validated by one-way ANOVA. All vital signs (except for intraocular pressures) and all serum hormones displayed a prominent circadian rhythm for the group, as did most variables in whole blood, while only about half of the variables in urine demonstrated a significant group rhythm. The results obtained are meant to: (a) document the circadian time structure; and (b) serve as reference values for circadian rhythm characteristics (range of change, mesor, amplitude and acrophase) for a defined group of individuals: clinically-healthy adult men in the prime of life.     

Reference Values for Orcadian Rhythms of 98 Variables in Clinically Healthy Men in the Fifth Decade of Life

Nine clinically healthy men, 41–47 yr of age, served as subjects in a 24-hr study conducted at the Edward Hines Jr Veterans Administration Hospital in the Chicago area in May 1988. Physiologic measurements, and blood and urine samples were collected at 3-hr intervals over a single 24-hr period beginning at 1900. The number of variables measured or calculated (total = 98) included: 6 vital signs (oral temperature, pulse, blood- and intraocular pressures); 16 in whole blood (counts and differentials); 50 in serum (SMAC-24, lipids, hormones, electrophoresis of LDH and proteins); and 26 in urine (solids, proteins, creatinine, catecholamines, melatonin, Cortisol, electrolytes and metals). Data were analyzed for time effect by analysis of variance (ANO VA) and for circadian rhythm by single cosinor. Individual rhythm characteristics for each variable were summarized for the group by population mean cosinor. The vast majority of variables revealed statistically significant within-day changes in values as validated by one-way ANOVA. All vital signs (except for intraocular pressures) and all serum hormones displayed a prominent circadian rhythm for the group, as did most variables in whole blood, while only about half of the variables in urine demonstrated a significant group rhythm. The results obtained are meant to: (a) document the circadian time structure; and (b) serve as reference values for circadian rhythm characteristics (range of change, mesor, amplitude and acrophase) for a defined group of individuals: clinically-healthy adult men in the prime of life.