共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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紫外辐射诱导植物叶片DNA损伤敏感性差异 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
单细胞凝胶电泳(彗星检测, comet assay)技术已广泛应用于动物细胞DNA损伤检测, 但在植物细胞DNA损伤检测中的应用尚不多见。本研究通过对动物细胞彗星检测方法的改进, 利用植物细胞原生质体作为材料, 研究了不同发育期九里香(Murraya panicuata)叶片对UV-B诱导的DNA损伤的敏感性差异。彗星检测结果表明, 九里香叶片DNA的损伤程度与UV-B辐射的剂量呈正相关; 在相同UV-B辐射剂量下, 九里香幼嫩叶片比成熟叶片的DNA损伤量大, 表明其幼嫩叶片对UV-B辐射的敏感性比成熟叶片高。 相似文献
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UV-B辐射增强对三种赤潮微藻DNA的伤害效应 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
运用生态毒理学和生物化学方法研究了UV-B辐射增强对赤潮异弯藻、亚历山大藻和中肋骨条藻DNA的伤害作用.结果表明,3种赤潮微藻的生长状况对UV-B辐射增强的敏感性不同;对UV-B辐射增强的敏感性由高到低依次是赤潮异弯藻、亚历山大藻和中肋骨条藻.随着UV-B辐射剂量的增加,3种赤潮微藻的DNA损伤程度提高,而且赤潮异弯藻DNA的损伤程度明显高于亚历山大藻和中肋骨条藻,亚历山大藻DNA的伤害程度又远远高于中肋骨条藻.UV-B辐射处理解除后,损伤DNA可明显恢复.赤潮异湾藻和亚历山大藻恢复培养6d,损伤DNA可明显恢复(P<0.05);而中肋骨条藻恢复培养3d,损伤DNA可明显恢复(P<0.05),说明3种赤潮微藻的DNA损伤水平不适合作为指示UV-B辐射增强的生物学指标. 相似文献
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以同步化的拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)根尖细胞为材料,研究了UV-B辐射对拟南芥细胞周期G1/S期转变的影响。细胞周期荧光显微图像分析表明,UV-B辐射延缓了拟南芥根尖细胞G1/S期的转变。基因表达的RT-PCR检测表明,在UV-B辐射下G1/S期转变的标志基因HistoneH4和E2Fa的表达受抑制,而G1/S期转变的抑制因子KRP2基因表达则受诱导上调。单细胞凝胶电泳检测结果表明,UV-B辐射引起拟南芥根尖细胞内积累大量的环丁烷嘧啶二聚体。以上结果表明,UV-B辐射抑制植物的生长可能受细胞周期和DNA损伤调控。 相似文献
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UV-B辐射对植物影响的分子水平研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
大气平流层中的臭氧层被破坏,导致到达地球表面太阳的UV-B辐射增强,对植物产生了多方面影响,其中包括对DNA、抗氧化酶系统、光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的作用以及植物体内类黄酮等保护物质的生物合成等。UV-B辐射也是环境中重要的非生物因子,植物在长期的进化演替过程中,形成了对它的适应机制,可能被作为一种环境信号调节植物体内一系列的基因表达过程。本文论述了近些年来在分子水平上UV-B辐射对植物DNA损伤的修复、抗氧化酶和光系统Ⅱ的基因表达影响,以及有关UV-B信号传导,并对UV-B辐射的植物分子生物学研究作了展望。 相似文献
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HIV-1Tat蛋白抑制DNA修复和增强细胞辐射敏感性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来临床研究发现,艾滋病合并肿瘤患者放疗后产生的正常组织和皮肤毒性反应明显高于普通肿瘤患者.本研究将探讨HIV-1Tat蛋白是否影响细胞对电离辐射敏感性及机理. 两个表达Tat蛋白的细胞系TT2和TE671-Tat均来源于人的横纹肌肉瘤细胞(TE671)并已转染了不同来源的tat基因.使用细胞辐射后克隆形成率检测辐射敏感性,RT-PCR和Western 印迹检测基因表达,彗星电泳和γ-H2AX位点检测DNA双链断裂和修复. TT2和TE671-Tat细胞的辐射敏感性与转染空载体及对照细胞相比明显增加.彗星电泳和γ-H2AX位点检测表明,在表达Tat蛋白的细胞中,辐射诱导DNA双链断裂的修复水平明显降低.通过RT-PCR和Western 印迹检测进一步证实,表达Tat蛋白的细胞中DNA修复蛋白DNA-PKcs的表达被抑制. HIV-1Tat蛋白抑制DNA-PKcs的表达,降低DNA双链断裂的修复,使细胞的电离辐射敏感性增高.本研究为了解AIDS合并肿瘤患者对放射治疗敏感性变化提供了重要信息. 相似文献
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UV-B辐射对拟南芥细胞周期G1/S期转变的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以同步化的拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)根尖细胞为材料, 研究了UV-B辐射对拟南芥细胞周期G1/S期转变的影响。细胞周期荧光显微图像分析表明, UV-B辐射延缓了拟南芥根尖细胞G1/S期的转变。基因表达的RT-PCR检测表明, 在UV-B辐射下G1/S期转变的标志基因Histone H4和E2Fa的表达受抑制, 而G1/S期转变的抑制因子KRP2基因表达则受诱导上调。单细胞凝胶电泳检测结果表明, UV-B辐射引起拟南芥根尖细胞内积累大量的环丁烷嘧啶二聚体。以上结果表明, UV-B辐射抑制植物的生长可能受细胞周期和DNA损伤调控。 相似文献
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UV-B辐射和NaCl胁迫对绿豆幼苗叶片DNA损伤的复合效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了0·4W/m2UV-B辐射和0·4%NaCl胁迫对两绿豆品种中绿_1和秦豆-20(PhaseolusraditusL.cv.Zhongl櫣-1andQindou-20)幼苗叶片DNA损伤的复合效应。结果表明:(1)中绿-1抗UV-B辐射和NaCl胁迫的能力均强于秦豆-20;NaCl胁迫能降低中绿-1UV-B敏感性,但对秦豆-20UV-B敏感性无明显影响。(2)两逆境因子单独胁迫或复合胁迫下DNA增色效应均明显降低,但中绿-1降低程度小于秦豆-20,复合胁迫下降低程度小于单独NaCl胁迫下。(3)UV-B辐射诱导的中绿-1DNA链内环丁烷嘧啶二聚体(CPD)累积量明显低于秦豆-20;NaCl胁迫能降低UV-B诱导的中绿-1CPD累积,而对UV-B诱导的秦豆-20CPD累积无影响。(4)各种胁迫处理均导致两品种幼苗DNA含量降低,但两品种间相比中绿-1降低程度较大。结果说明UV-B辐射不仅能诱导DNA链内交联形成CPD,而且能诱导DNA链间交联和DNA含量降低,且不同绿豆品种或同一品种在有无NaCl胁迫时UV-B敏感性的差异主要与CPD累积量和DNA链间交联程度有关。 相似文献
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Application of the comet assay to measure DNA damage induced by UV radiation in the hydrophyte, Spirodela polyrhiza 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The single-cell gel electrophoresis or comet assay is now widely used to detect DNA damage in animal cells induced by radiation or chemicals. Here, we apply the comet assay to measure ultraviolet (UV)-B-induced DNA damage in plant cells. The accepted animal cell protocol for the comet assay was modified to adapt it to plant cells. The major modifications were conversion of the plant cells to protoplasts and the use of T4 endonuclease V. As a positive control hydrogen peroxide was applied. Significant DNA damage was detected at 100 μ M H2 O2 . This type of DNA damage was not affected by T4 endonuclease V treatment, which implies that the mechanism of H2 O2 -induced DNA damage was different from UV-B-induced DNA damage. Our results also indicate that both UV-A and UV-B radiation can induce DNA single-strand breaks in plant cells, while UV-B was more effective than UV-A for inducing pyrimidine dimer formation. 相似文献
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芥子酸酯(sinapate esters)是拟南芥和其他十字花科植物中大量存在的一类具有紫外吸收作用的羟基肉桂酸衍生物,有研究表明其紫外吸收能力甚至强于类黄酮。以模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)为实验材料,通过施加低强度(40 μW/cm2)、相对长时间(7 d)的UV-B辐射,考察了拟南芥幼苗和成苗芥子酸酯组分(芥子酰葡萄糖、芥子酰苹果酸)和含量及合成途径关键酶编码基因表达水平对UV-B辐射的响应。经过7 d的UV-B辐射处理,拟南芥幼苗和成苗的芥子酰葡萄糖、芥子酰苹果酸含量均高于对照植株,芥子酸酯表现为响应UV-B辐射而积累。无论是幼苗还是成苗,叶片中芥子酰苹果酸的含量都要比芥子酰葡萄糖高出一个数量级,而且在UV-B处理过程中观察到芥子酰葡萄糖含量减少而芥子酰苹果酸含量增加,催化芥子酰葡萄糖生成芥子酰苹果酸的芥子酰葡萄糖苹果酸转移酶编码基因的表达水平也显著提高,说明芥子酰苹果酸在拟南芥叶片响应UV-B辐射过程中起重要作用并优先合成。另外,拟南芥幼苗中两种芥子酸酯的含量是成苗中的数十倍之多,芥子酸酯合成途径关键酶编码基因fah1和sng1的相对表达量也显著高于成苗。同时,在响应UV-B辐射的过程中,幼苗中芥子酰葡萄糖、芥子酰苹果酸含量的变化幅度(分别是7.01%、6.05%)远远低于成苗叶片中芥子酰葡萄糖、芥子酰苹果酸含量的变化幅度(分别是21.88%、70.63%),这可能意味着拟南芥叶片中芥子酸酯对于UV-B辐射的防护作用,幼苗属于组成型防御(constitutive defense),而到成苗则转变为诱导型防御(inducible defense)。 相似文献
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To test the hypothesis that plant source-sink relations are important in determining response to UV-B radiation, a short-term (45 d) field experiment was conducted at Abisko Scientific Research Station, Abisko, Sweden (68° N). Tillers of the grass Calamagrostis purpurea were grown outdoors at levels of UV-B radiation representing 25% ozone depletion. Growth, respiration, photo-assimilate allocation and UV-B protective compounds were subsequently measured.There were no significant effects of enhanced UV-B on total plant dry weight, leaf area, Shoot: Root ratio, leaf weight ratio, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, tiller number per plant or blade thickness of this species. However, the amount of UV-B absorbing compounds and respiration rates were significantly increased in young and mature leaves. Increases in leaf respiration were accompanied by alterations in plant carbohydrate allocation at enhanced UV-B. The amount of soluble root carbohydrates was reduced following UV-B exposure. Enhanced UV-B also caused increases in the soluble sugar: starch ratio of young leaves, the stem and total aboveground biomass. The importance of source-sink relations and constitutive versus induced defense are discussed in relation to UV-B response. 相似文献
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Quartz fibre-optic microprobes were used to monitor the light microenvironment beneath trichome layers of the xeromorphic leaves of two Mediterranean evergreen sclerophylls, Olea europaea and Quercus ilex . Young developing leaves of both plants were densely pubescent on both surfaces of the lamina, whereas the mature leaves were pubescent only on the abaxial side. Trichome layers of young as well as of mature leaves of both plants attenuated almost all incident ultraviolet (UV)-B (310 nm) and UV-A (360 nm) radiation and a considerable portion of blue light (430 nm). Abaxial trichome layers of young leaves were more effective in screening out the incident radiation compared to the adaxial ones of the same leaves and also compared to the abaxial layer of the mature leaves. The abaxial epidermis of dehaired mature leaves of O. europaea was ineffective in absorbing most of the incident UV-B and UV-A radiation. UV and visible spectra beneath trichome layers of O. europaea in mature leaves confirmed that the light microenvironment on the epidermis was deprived in the UV-B, UV-A and partly in the blue spectral regions. It is proposed that the occurrence of a dense trichome layer, especially in young leaves, may play a protective role against not only UV-B radiation damage, but also against high visible irradiance. This function is performed irrespective of the differing anatomy of individual hairs of both plants. The protection provided by the trichomes could afford advantages under stress conditions, especially during leaf development. 相似文献
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Jelte Rozema Peter Boelen Bjørn Solheim Matthias Zielke Alwin Buskens Marieke Doorenbosch Ruben Fijn Jelger Herder Terry Callaghan Lars Olof Björn Dylan Gwynn Jones Rob Broekman Peter Blokker Willem van de Poll 《Plant Ecology》2006,182(1-2):121-135
The response of tundra plants to enhanced UV-B radiation simulating 15 and 30% ozone depletion was studied at two high arctic
sites (Isdammen and Adventdalen, 78° N, Svalbard).The set-up of the UV-B supplementation systems is described, consisting
of large and small UV lamp arrays, installed in 1996 and 2002. After 7 years of exposure to enhanced UV-B radiation, plant
cover, density, morphological (leaf fresh and dry weight, leaf thickness, leaf area, reproductive and ecophysiological parameters
leaf UV-B absorbance, leaf phenolic content, leaf water content) were not affected by enhanced UV-B radiation. DNA damage
in the leaves was not increased with enhanced UV-B in Salix polaris and Cassiope tetragona. DNA damage in Salix polaris leaves was higher than in leaves of C. tetragona. The length of male gametophyte moss plants of Polytrichum hyperboreum was reduced with elevated UV-B as well as the number of Pedicularis hirsuta plants per plot, but the inflorescence length of Bistorta vivipara was not significantly affected. We discuss the possible causes of tolerance of tundra plants to UV-B (absence of response
to enhanced UV-B) in terms of methodology (supplementation versus exclusion), ecophysiological adaptations to UV-B and the
biogeographical history of polar plants 相似文献
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The effects of enhanced UV-B are often overestimated in greenhouse studies due to low levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). For this reason, we studied effects of enhanced UV-B (12 kJ m–2 d–1) at low and near ambient PAR levels on young vegetative plants of Vicia faba, in the greenhouse. It was hypothesized that near ambient PAR levels could reduce the negative UV-B effects on growth, due to higher amounts of UV-B absorbing compounds in the leaves and to morphological changes attenuating UV-B damage.We found that effects of enhanced UV-B on the growth were not negative. We found an increase in biomass in response to enhanced UV-B at low and near ambient PAR levels. The increase in biomass was related to increased branching, which leads to a higher interception of PAR. Enhanced irradiance of both PAR and UV-B had similar photomorphogenic effects: thicker and smaller leaves and reduced plant height and internode length. Moreover, the concentration of UV-B absorbing compounds was increased. We conclude that in this study effects of enhanced UV-B were mainly photomorphogenic effects, which were also induced by radiation in the PAR region. 相似文献
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Evaluation of DNA damage in different stages of mouse spermatogenesis after testicular X irradiation 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
To evaluate whether DNA alterations in mature spermatozoa could stem from DNA damage induced in immature germ cells, testis cells and spermatozoa were analyzed by the comet assay and by the sperm chromatin structure assay 14, 45 and 100 days after in vivo X irradiation of the testes. These times were selected, according to the mouse seminiferous epithelium cycle, to follow the DNA damage induced in different germ cell compartments. The cytotoxic action was assessed by DNA flow cytometric analysis of testicular cells. A dose-dependent increase of DNA damage in testis cells was observed 14 days after irradiation, whereas mature sperm cells were not affected. On the other hand, an increase in DNA strand breaks was seen in spermatozoa 45 days after treatment. DNA damage returned to the control levels 100 days after irradiation. The methods used to evaluate DNA damage gave comparable results, emphasizing the correlation between DNA fragmentation and susceptibility of sperm chromatin to denaturation. Both techniques showed the high radiosensitivity of differentiating spermatogonia. The overall results showed that DNA damage induced in pre-meiotic germ cells is detectable in primary spermatocytes and is still present in mature spermatozoa. 相似文献