三角酵母D-氨基酸氧化酶基因的克隆、测序及表达*

利用跨越内含子的PCR技术,三角酵母(Trigonopsos variabilis)变种FA1-10中扩增得到D-氨基酸氧化酶基因(daao),并通过TA克隆的方法将其克隆至pGEM—T载体。序列测定结果表明,所得daao基因的5’端内含子已被删除,基因总长度为1071bp,它与Trigonopsis variabilis D-氨基酸氧化酶同源性达98.3％,与Fusarium solanii和Rhodotoru-la gracilis的同源性分别是38.9％和30.8％。为提高表达水平,又将此基因转移至高表达载体pET-28b上．在大肠杆菌BL-2l(DE3)中进行诱导表达。经IPTG诱导,目的蛋白的产生量可占菌体总蛋白量的46％,分子量约为38kD。D-氨基酸氧化酶的活力可达802u／L。     

葡萄扇叶病毒外壳蛋白基因的克隆,序列分析及其在大肠杆菌中…

通过ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法把葡萄扇叶病毒（ＧＦＬＶ）外壳蛋白基因（ＣＰ ｇｅｎｅ）分成两部分扩增,扩增产物克隆入ｐｇＥＭ－５Ｚｆ（＋）载体,并通过ＢｇｌⅡ位点连接成一完整的外壳蛋白基因,通过序列分析测得全长外壳蛋白基因为１５１２ｂｐ,编码５０４个ＡＡ＇ｓ与国外株系ＧＦＬＶ－Ｆ１３相比,核苷酸同源性为８８．４％,氨基酸同源性为９５．８％。并且这一外壳蛋白基因在大肠杆菌Ｅ． ｃｏｌｉＤＨ－５α中得到了表达。     

大豆花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因的克隆和其在大肠杆菌中的表达

通过多聚酶连锁反应(PCR),我们合成了包括病毒外壳蛋白基因在内的病毒基因组3’端区域,并完成了其全部序列分析,比较SMV(北京分离物)和SMv—N株的序列发现;外壳蛋白基因的核苷酸序列同源性达93．D％,其氨氢基酸序列同源性高达98．5％,就基因组3,端非编码序列而言,其同源性达88．8％。Western b1ot分析结果表明所克隆的cDNA片段在大肠杆菌JMl07中能表达正常的病毒外壳蛋白。     

菜甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因的克隆和序列分析

以耐盐的菠菜mRNA为横板．经反转录合成甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)基因第一链cDNA。在人工合成的两端引物引导下,通过多聚酶链式反应(PCR)。扩增获得双链cDNA。把重组有BADH基因的pucl9转化至E．Coli DH5a菌株,亚克隆后测定了基因的全序列。所得到的BADH基因全长序列为1491bp,编码497个氨基酸。与文献报道的相比较,核苷酸序列同源性99．8％．氨基酸序列同源性达99．6％。在此基础上,构建了BADH基因的高等植物表达载体．     

烟草花药特异表达基因启动子的克隆及序列分析

通过PC,R扩增,从烟草(Nicotiana tabacum cv.NC89)中克隆了花药绒毡层中特异表达基因的启动于,序列分析表明,该启动子含1303个核苷酸,与已报道的序列比较,核苷酸的同源性为99．4％。     

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒外壳蛋白基因的克隆和序列分析

以甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)内蒙分离物的RNA为模板,通过PcR扩增获得外壳蛋白(CP)基因的目的片段。将其重组到pGEM一7zf(+)并转化JMl01得到了含有完整CP基因的重组子。采用双脱氧终止法进行序列分析,结果表明CP基因为567nt,与文献(1]报道相比,氨基酸和核苷酸的同源性分别为98．4％和96．7％。     

单引物方法克隆盐角草orf25基因

采用单引物RTPCR扩增的方法,从新疆野生植物盐角草（Salicornia europaea）中克隆获得了1.7kb的cDNA片段,经过测序和序列分析,发现基因片段包含了orf25基因完整的读码框架。采用序列同源性分析方法,结果显示新疆盐角草orf25基因与甜菜线粒体同源性高达98%,与烟草线粒体同源性达到95%,与小麦同源性为92%,与玉米同源性为88%,表明orf25 基因在植物中是高度保守的一种基因, 同时说明野生植物盐角草中也存在与农作物相似的雄性不育相关基因,orf25 基因编码的功能性蛋白可能在影响植物雄性不育改良作物品种方面具有重要的意义。     

水稻Rac家族新成员osRACB基因的克隆及结构分析

Rac基因是植物中惟一的一类分布广泛的信号GTP结合蛋白, 它在整个植物生长发育过程中起着极为重要的作用. 应用本实验室已有的水稻光周期育性转换相关基因osRACD为探针, 在低严谨杂交条件下, 筛选农垦58N-LD雌雄蕊形成期(第Ⅳ期)幼穗cDNA文库, 获得一水稻Rac家族新基因. 经同源性比较和序列分析显示, 该基因与玉米Rac家族成员RACB基因具有93%的核苷酸同源性, 且两者氨基酸序列长度相等, 仅存在一个氨基酸残基差异, 故命名新基因为osRACD. 进一步应用PCR技术, 以农垦58N基因组DNA为模板扩增得到长度为2930 bp的osRACB基因转录区核苷酸序列, 其结构包含7个外显子和6个内含子, 同时, 通过基因组文库筛选获得osRACB基因的启动区序列. Southern杂交分析表明osRACB基因同其他Rac基因相似, 是低拷贝基因. RT-PCR检测显示osRACB基因在水稻根、茎、叶中均有一定的表达, 但在茎中表达量最高. 此外, 还以人Rac1蛋白为模板, 利用InsightII软件包下的Homology, Discover等模块对osRACB蛋白进行了三级结构预测.     

侵染人参果的马铃薯M病毒基因组全序列分析

测定了侵染人参果的马铃薯M病毒(PVMCh)基因组全序列。线状、单链正义RNA全长8526bp,含6个开读框(ORF),具麝香石竹潜隐病毒属(Genus Carlavirus)典型结构特征。序列比较表明它与其他PVM分离物各基因核苷酸和编码蛋白氨基酸序列同源性分别为62.5%～9702%和60.9%～97.4%,其中CP基因最保守,而TGB3基因变异最大。系统进化树分析表明美国爱达荷州马铃薯分离物(PVMId) (AF023877)为PVM的一个远缘株系,而其他4个PVM分离物的成簇在外壳蛋白(Coat protein, CP)和核酸结合蛋白(Nucleic acid binding protein, NABP)区域略有差异。这是PVM在人参果上侵染的首次报道。     

大蒜A病毒CP基因的原核表达及抗血清制备

根据GenBank报道的大蒜A病毒(GarV-A)序列设计引物、扩增其外壳蛋白基因并进行序列分析.结果表明,GarV-A的CP基因与目前已报道的两种GarV-A不同分离物CP基因的核苷酸序列同源性为98％-99％;氨基酸序列同源性均为98％.将GarV-A CP基因插入表达载体pSBET,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)Plys E菌株中诱导表达.CP经12％SDS-PAGE和5％-20％SDS-PAGE两次纯化,免疫小鼠获得抗CP血清,Western blotting分析表明确定制备的抗体对CP具有高度特异性,ELISA检测表明制备的抗体能够与天然病毒离子结合,因此可以作为该病毒的检测.     

小西葫芦黄化花叶病毒分离物的3′末端序列多态性研究

研究了来自中国大陆9个小西葫芦黄化花叶病毒（ZYMV）分离物的基因组3′末端核苷酸序列及所推导的外壳蛋白（CP）氨基酸序列以及3′末端非编码区（UTR）序列,并与其它地区所报道的16个ZMYV分离物进行了同源性比较。ZYMV CP基因核苷酸序列具有一定的寄主相关性和地域相关性,但总体上其关联程度不明显;同时,CP氨基酸序列的寄主适应性程度明显高于地域相关性。25个ZYMV分离物的CP氨基酸序列根据其变异程度分为2个区： N端约41个氨基酸为高度变异区,CP核心区和C端氨基酸序列为保守区。研究结果初步揭示了ZYMV作为单链RNA病毒通过与寄主相互作用而表现寄主适应性变异的趋势。     

In vitro, the major ribosome binding site on Rous sarcoma virus RNA does not contain the nucleotide sequence coding for the N-terminal amino acids of the gag gene product.

Ribosomes from the reticulocyte lysate bind strongly and mainly to a region located in the 5' end of the Rous sarcoma virus RNA molecule between residues 9 and 53. This binding involves the participation of initiator tRNA and is sensitive to inhibitors of initiation of protein synthesis such as 7-methyl-GMP and aurintricarboxylic acid. The nucleotide sequence of this ribosome binding site has been determined: it conatains a GUG codon centered at position 26 that is not in phase with any termination codon within the 5' end nucleotide sequence of the RNA that we have analyzed (101 residues). However, the predicted N-terminal amino acid sequence starting from this GUG codon (or even from any AUG or GUG codon in the 5' end of the RNA) does not coincide with that of the in vitro-synthesized product of the 5' end proximal gag gene. Nevertheless, inhibition of ribosome binding to this site is accompanied by an inhibition of the in vitro translation of the gag gene.     

紫杆柽柳与其它物种脂质转运蛋白基因编码蛋白的同源性比较

根据从柽柳cDNA文库克隆获得的脂质转运蛋白(LTP)的部分序列,用RACE技术克隆出其全长cDNA序列.基因的5'非翻译区96bp,3'非翻译区222bp,开放阅读框285bp,编码94个氨基酸,预计蛋白的分子量为9.9 kD,等电点为8.02.此基因有8个位置保守的Cys残基及26个氨基酸的信号肽,为典型的植物脂质转运蛋白基因.其基因序列数据库(GenBank)登录号为AY574218(基因)和AAS79106(蛋白).     

Identification of the gene(s) coding for the trans-sialidase of Trypanosoma cruzi.

The gene(s) encoding the Trypanosoma cruzi shed-acute-phase-antigen (SAPA) has a 5' end encoding a region containing two totally and two partially conserved Ser-X-Asp-X-Gly-X-Thr-Trp motifs which are present in bacterial neuraminidases, and a 3' end encoding tandemly repeated units of 12 amino acids. It is now reported that 54-87% of the total neuraminidase activity present in the parasite could be immunoprecipitated with polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies against the repeated amino acid units of SAPA. These immunoprecipitates also had greater than 80% of the trans-sialidase activity of the parasite. SAPA used sialyllactose, fetuin and 4-methylumbelliferyl-sialic acid as substrate donors. In the presence of a suitable acceptor molecule (lactose) the sialic acid residues were transferred to the disaccharide, whereas in the absence of acceptors the residues were transferred to water. If relatively inefficient acceptors (maltose or cellobiose) were added to the incubation mixtures, the sialic acid units were transferred both to the disaccharides and to water. It is concluded that a major T. cruzi antigen has both the trans-sialidase and the neuraminidase activities of the parasite. Both activities are probably located on the N-terminus of SAPA since antibodies directed against the C-terminus, which contains the repeated amino acid units, do not affect the enzymatic activities.     

Sequence of the cDNA and gene for angiogenin, a human angiogenesis factor

Human cDNAs coding for angiogenin, a human tumor derived angiogenesis factor, were isolated from a cDNA library prepared from human liver poly(A) mRNA employing a synthetic oligonucleotide as a hybridization probe. The largest cDNA insert (697 base pairs) contained a short 5'-noncoding sequence followed by a sequence coding for a signal peptide of 24 (or 22) amino acids, 369 nucleotides coding for the mature protein of 123 amino acids, a stop codon, a 3'-noncoding sequence of 175 nucleotides, and a poly(A) tail. The gene coding for human angiogenin was then isolated from a genomic lambda Charon 4A bacteriophage library employing the cDNA as a probe. The nucleotide sequence of the gene and the adjacent 5'- and 3'-flanking regions (4688 base pairs) was then determined. The coding and 3'-noncoding regions of the gene for human angiogenin were found to be free of introns, and the DNA sequence for the gene agreed well with that of the cDNA. The gene contained a potential TATA box in the 5' end in addition to two Alu repetitive sequences immediately flanking the 5' and 3' ends of the gene. The third Alu sequence was also found about 500 nucleotides downstream from the Alu sequence at the 3' end of the gene. The amino acid sequence of human angiogenin as predicted from the gene sequence was in complete agreement with that determined by amino acid sequence analysis. It is about 35% homologous with human pancreatic ribonuclease, and the amino acid residues that are essential for the activity of ribonuclease are also conserved in angiogenin. This provocative finding is thought to have important physiological implications.     

Nucleotide sequence of yeast gene CP A1 encoding the small subunit of arginine-pathway carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase. Homology of the deduced amino acid sequence to other glutamine amidotransferases

A yeast DNA fragment carrying the gene CP A1 encoding the small subunit of the arginine pathway carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase has been sequenced. Only one continuous coding sequence on this fragment was long enough to account for the presumed molecular mass of CP A1 protein product. It codes for a polypeptide of 411 amino acids having a relative molecular mass, Mr, of 45 358 and showing extensive homology with the product of carA, the homologous Escherichia coli gene. CP A1 and carA products are glutamine amidotransferases which bind glutamine and transfer its amide group to the large subunits where it is used for the synthesis of carbamoyl-phosphate. A comparison of the amino acid sequences of CP A1 polypeptide with the glutamine amidotransferase domains of anthranilate and p-amino-benzoate synthetases from various sources has revealed the presence in each of these sequences of three highly conserved regions of 8, 11 and 6 amino acids respectively. The 11-residue oligopeptide contains a cysteine which is considered as the active-site residue involved in the binding of glutamine. The distances (number of amino acid residues) which separate these homology regions are accurately conserved in these various enzymes. These observations provide support for the hypothesis that these synthetases have arisen by the combination of a common ancestral glutamine amidotransferase subunit with distinct ammonia-dependent synthetases. Little homology was detected with the amide transfer domain of glutamine phosphoribosyldiphosphate amidotransferase which may be the result of a convergent evolutionary process. The flanking regions of gene CP A1 have been sequenced, 803 base pairs being determined on the 5' side and 382 on the 3' side. Several features of the 5'-upstream region of CP A1 potentially related to the control of its expression have been noticed including the presence of two copies of the consensus sequence d(T-G-A-C-T-C) previously identified in several genes subject to the general control of amino acid biosynthesis.     

稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)诱导的水稻早期反应基因ER1的5' 端cDNA片段克隆及序列分析

研究高等生物基因表达与调控的一个重要方面是分离基因的编码区及其上游的调控序列（ＤｅＶｅｅｒ等１９９７）,这需要获得一个基因的ｃＤＮＡ全长及从植物基因组获取全基因。在前文（周建明等１９９９）中曾经分离了稻瘟病菌侵染诱导的水稻早期反应基因ＥＲ１的ｃＤＮＡ片段,但是运用ｍＲＮＡ差异显示技术分离的ｃＤＮＡ片段往往只有近ｍＲＮＡ３’端的一部分,难以反映基因的结构及功能特点,因此,必须进一步分离其５’端的部分才有可能比较全面地了解此基因的特点。ＲＡＣＥ（ｒａｐｉｄａｍｐｌｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃＤＮＡｅｎ…     

Rat lens beta-crystallins are internally duplicated and homologous to gamma-crystallins

The nucleotide sequence of two cloned rat lens beta-crystallin cDNAs pRL beta B3-2 and pRL beta B1-3 has been determined. pRL beta B3-2 contains the complete coding information for a beta-crystallin, designated beta B3, of 210 amino acid residues. pRL beta B1-3 is incomplete at its 5' end; the 5' codogenic information which is not present in this cDNA clone was deduced from the cloned gene. pRL beta B1-3 codes for a beta-crystallin polypeptide, designated beta B1, whose full length is 247 amino acid residues. Considerable sequence homology is noted between the amino- and carboxy-terminal halves of each protein. The two rat beta-crystallins show a substantial sequence homology with each other (60%) as well as with the published sequences of rat gamma-crystallin (37%) and bovine and murine beta-crystallins (55 and 45%). All these proteins have a two-domain structure which, like the bovine gamma II-crystallin, might be folded into four remarkably similar protein motifs. Our data further indicate that the beta-crystallins can be subdivided into two groups which are evolutionarily related. Both groups are, although more distantly, also related to the gamma-crystallins.     

Molecular cloning and sequence determination of the tuf gene coding for the elongation factor Tu of Thermus thermophilus HB8

The tuf gene, which encodes the elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) of Thermus thermophilus HB8, and its flanking regions were cloned and sequenced. The gene encoding EF-G was found upstream of the 5' end of the tuf gene. The tuf gene of T. thermophilus HB8 had a very high G + C content and 84.5% of the third base in codon usage was either G or C. The deduced primary structure of the EF-Tu was composed of 405 amino acid residues with a Mr = 44658. A comparison of the amino acid sequence of EF-Tu from T. thermophilus HB8 with those of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria showed a very high sequence homology (65-70%). Two Cys residues out of the three found in E. coli EF-Tu had been replaced with Val in T. thermophilus HB8 EF-Tu. An extra amino acid sequence of ten residues, consisting predominantly of basic amino acids (Met-182-Gly-191), which does not occur in EF-Tu of E. coli, was found in T. thermophilus HB8.