转基因鼠载脂蛋白E基因异常表达与血脂代谢水平的相关性

探讨载脂蛋白E(apoE)基因在转基因鼠体内的表达及其在血脂代谢中的作用.以单克隆抗体酶联免疫吸附法分别测定apoE4、apoE7转基因鼠(tg4、tg7)的血清apoE含量.用甘油磷酸化酶(GPO)法和胆固醇氧化酶(CHOD-PAP)法对转基因鼠及对照组鼠(control)的血清甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(TC)进行测定.tg4血清apoE含量为20.3±7.2ug/dl,tg7血清apoE含量为1.8±5.4ug/dl.血清TG水平转基因鼠[tg4(19.16±0.31)mmol/L,tg7(18.15±0.46)mmol/L]与对照组鼠[(4.95±2.25)mmol/L]的差异均有显著性(p＜0.05).血清TC水平tg4[(4.44±0.04)mmol/L]与对照组鼠[(1.49±0.01)mmol/L]也表现出显著性的差异(p＜0.05).提示apoE基因异常表达影响了转基因鼠的血脂代谢.     

I、Ⅱ型糖尿病和透析患者的肠道内环境与生化指标的比较研究

对Ⅰ、Ⅱ型糖尿病及透析患者的肠道内环境和血液指标进行了比较观察.肠内细菌群的检测采用光冈复合式法;氨和硫化物的测定,采用Terada的方法;吲哚及臭素等的测定方法采用同吉原方法.临床主要生化指标观察方法,采用美国康宁644电解质分析仪和美国RA-1000全自动生化分析仪.随机选取住院的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型糖尿病以及透析患者各10名对肠道内环境以及血离子、肾功能进行检测分析.结果表明(1)肠内细菌群变化Ⅰ型糖尿病患者,双歧杆菌数为7.73±0.44(log CFU/g),占肠内总菌数的百分率为(0.84±0.75)‰.腐败菌数亦为8.14±0.37.Ⅱ型糖尿病患者,双歧杆菌数为7.88±0.34(log CFU/g),占肠内总菌数的百分率为(2.40±3.18)‰.腐败菌数亦为7.99±1.15.透析患者,双歧杆菌数为7.76±0.42(log CFU/g),占肠内总菌数的百分率为(0.78±0.92)‰.腐败菌数亦为8.33±0.50.并检测到绿脓杆菌,其检出率为40%.(2)腐败物质的变化Ⅰ型糖尿病患者粪便中氨为823±67.2(μg/g);硫化物为50.7±16.0;粪便中苯、甲酚、吲哚、粪臭素等的变化,吲哚、粪臭素分别为57.1±12.1、53.5±11.2(μg/g).Ⅱ糖尿病患者粪便中氨为759.9±62.9(μg/g);硫化物为30±8.3.吲哚、粪臭素分别为40.1±9.9、36.5±9.1(μg/g).透析患者粪便中的氨为1 006.6±164.9(μg/g);硫化物为80±9.9.吲哚、粪臭素分别为78.7±9.7、77.9±10.1(μg/g).(3)血清无机离子的检测结果Ⅱ型糖尿病人的肾功、尿素、肌酐,尿素、肌酐、尿酸结果在正常范围内,肾脏无实质性损伤,但结果为正常值的上限,尿素5.24±2.11(mmol/L),肌酐93.8±6.15(μmol/L),尿酸0.27±0.04(mmol/L),有肾损伤的可能.Ⅰ型糖尿病人的肾脏已有轻度的实质性损害,尿素7.75±2.29(mmol/L),肌酐120.1±62.91(μmol/L),尿酸0.29±0.04(mmol/L).透析病人的肾脏已严重实质性损伤,尿素44.2±10.50(mmol/L),肌酐702.32±164.98(μmol/L),尿酸0.43±0.13(mmol/L).     

肾小球肾炎血清BUN、RBP的诊断价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨肾小球肾炎血清中尿素氮（BUN）、视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）的表达及意义。方法：选择2018年1月至2021年1月大华医院和我院接诊的75例肾小球肾炎患者为本研究对象,设为试验组,另选择同期在我院体检的55例作为对照组,分析血清BUN、RBP水平变化情况,及其诊断价值。结果：试验组患者血清BUN、RBP水平（15.52±1.51 mmol/L、97.87±21.28 mg/L）显著高于对照组（5.07±0.97 mmol/L、42.17±10.25 mg/L）,差异显著（P＜0.05）;重度肾小球肾炎患者血清BUN、RBP水平（19.01±1.20 mmol/L、118.83±21.24 mg/L）均显著高于轻度（11.56±1.07 mmol/L、71.24±19.87 mg/L）、中度肾小球肾炎患者（14.89±1.12 mmol/L、95.75±22.13 mg/L）,差异显著（P＜0.05）;中度肾小球肾炎患者血清 BUN、RBP水平（14.89±1.12 mmol/L、95.75±22.13 mg/L）均显著高于轻度肾小球肾炎患者（11.56±1.07 mmol/L、71.24±19.87 mg/L）,差异显著（P＜0.05）;BUN诊断肾小球肾炎的AUC为0.866,95%CI为0.807~0.926,截断值为8.45 mmol/L;RBP诊断肾小球肾炎的AUC为0.957,95%CI为0.927~0.987,截断值为57.29 mg/L;联合检测诊断肾小球肾炎的AUC为0.991,95%CI为0.980~1.000,单独检测分别和联合检测曲线下面积比较均具有显著差异（Z=4.11、2.150,P＜0.05）;联合检测的特异度、准确度分别为93.41%、94.15%。结论：在肾小球肾炎患者中血清BUN、RBP的表达和病情严重程度之间存在着密切关系,可作为诊断肾小球肾炎的重要指标。     

Leptin、TNF-alpha、FFA 在肥胖症患者血清中的表达及临床意义

目的：研究瘦素（Leptin）、肿瘤坏死因子alpha（TNF-alpha）和游离脂肪酸（FFA）在肥胖患者血清中的表达以及其临床意义。方法：选 取2013 年5 月到2014 年5 月我院体检的肥胖症患者30 例（研究组）,另选取非肥胖症者30 例（对照组）,测量两组空腹血糖 （FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、血脂和Leptin、TNF- alpha、FFA 等指标,并比较两组之间的差异,观察Leptin、TNF- alpha、FFA 和肥胖相关指 标的相关关系。结果：研究组甘油三脂（TG）、极低密度脂蛋白- 胆固醇（VLDL-C）、Leptin、FINS 、FPG、TNF- alpha、FFA 以及HOMA 模型胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）分别为（1.98± 0.31）mmol/L、（0.76± 0.02）mmol/L、（15.14± 0.04）ug/L、（20.56± 0.04）mmol/L、 （5.93± 0.04）mmol/L、（43.98± 0.14）ng/L、（0.17± 0.01）mmol/L 和（5.37± 0.25）均显著高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意 义（t=9.423,8.979,9.074,10.082,9.089,9.562,9.065,10.083,均P＜0.05）;研究组胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）为（0.011± 0.002）显著低于 对照组（0.021± 0.001）,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（t=11.428,P=0.012）;FFA 与TG、HOMA-IR、FINS 呈正相关关系（r=0. 842,0.796,0.879,P=0.017.0.019,0.023）,与ISI 呈负相关关系（r=-0.958,P=0.021）;Leptin 与BMI、HOMA-IR、FINS 呈正相关关系 （r=0.793,0.869,0.837,P=0.018,0.022,0.017）,与ISI 呈负相关关系（r=-0.905,P=0.011）;TNF-alpha与ISI 呈负相关关系（r=-0.807, P=0.013）。结论：肥胖者血清中Leptin、TNF- alpha、FFA 显著高于正常者,且和肥胖等项指标具有相关关系。     

降低我国艾滋病患者病死率的几个关键措施

随着人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者逐渐进入获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)期,我国HIV感染者病死人数逐渐增加,已超过结核病与狂犬病的病死人数,位居第1.如何降低HIV/AIDS患者的病死率是我国目前亟待解决的重要课题.针对我国HIV/AIDS患者的特点,应采用多种措施.其中关键为:落实患者对药物的依从性,优化抗病毒治疗方案;扩大抗病毒治疗覆盖面,以增加接受抗病毒治疗的患者;加大检测力度,早诊断和早治疗以延长患者寿命,改善预后;注意对患者并发症的治疗,并科学分析病死原因.这些措施的实施需要社会各界共同参与和努力.     

一氧化氮供体对过氧化氢引起的心肌细胞损伤的保护作用

关于一氧化氮(NO)对心肌细胞是否具有保护作用目前尚存在争议,为探讨NO对过氧化氢(H2O2)引起的心肌细胞损伤是否具有保护作用及其可能的机制,实验将体外培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞分为3组(1)阴性对照组(Normal组);(2)H2O2组H2O2(0.1mmol/L)与心肌细胞共育4h;(3)S-亚硝基-N-乙酰青霉胺(SNAP)+H2O2组NO供体SNAP(0.5mmol/L)处理心肌细胞10min后,加入H2O2与心肌细胞共育4 h.用流式细胞术检测心肌细胞凋亡率,心肌细胞损伤程度以心肌细胞存活率和乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)活性来表示,同时检测心肌细胞超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量.通过激光共聚焦显微术检测在不同处理条件下心肌细胞胞内钙的变化.结果表明,正常心肌细胞LDH活性和细胞存活率分别为631.4±75.6 U/L和93.1±6.2%,细胞凋亡率为0;H2O2处理细胞后可使细胞LDH活性显著增高(1580.5±186.7 U/L,P＜0.01),细胞存活率明显下降(58.3±7.6%,P＜0.01),流式细胞仪检测到大量心肌细胞凋亡,凋亡率为26.4±5.7%;SOD活性较正常细胞19.67±0.85 NU/ml显著下降,为14.73±1.68 NU/m(P＜0.01),MDA含量较正常细胞6.95±0.83μmol/L显著增高,为15.35±3.49μmol/L(P＜0.01).SNAP预处理细胞可显著提高心肌细胞存活率(79.7±9.3%,P＜0.01),降低LDH活性和细胞凋亡率(分别为957.8±110.9 U/L和9.1±3.3%,P＜0.01);并提高细胞抗氧化能力,表现为较H2O2处理组的SOD活性增高(21.36±3.11 NU/ml,P＜0.01),MDA含量下降(9.12±1.47 μmol/L,P＜0.01).激光共聚焦显微镜检测结果表明,H2O2可升高细胞内钙,而SNAP则可降低细胞内钙,SNAP预处理细胞后可取消H2O2升高细胞内钙的作用.上述结果提示,NO供体SNAP可对抗H2O2对心肌细胞的损伤,其机制与提高心肌细胞抗氧化损伤能力和对抗H2O2引起的细胞内钙超载有关.     

急性肝功能衰竭大鼠胃肠道细菌培养结果分析

目的用硫代乙酰胺诱导急性肝功能衰竭大鼠模型,作胃肠道细菌培养,同时测定门静脉内毒素水平,以探讨肠道菌群与内毒素血症的关系 .方法 SD大鼠40只,随机分成2组,正常对照组15只,肝衰竭组25只.肝衰竭硫代乙酰胺按300 mg/kg皮下注射(30 mg/ml配制),每天1次,连续2 d.对照组用生理盐水作对照 .两组同时实验,第3天剖腹作胃肠冲洗液细菌培养及门静脉内毒素测定.结果[ HT SS 两组大鼠门静脉内毒素水平分别为 正常对照组(29.33±18.50)ng/L;肝功能衰竭组(105.81±18.82)ng/L (较正常对照组明显升高P＜0.01).两组大鼠胃小肠细菌培养结果细菌总数正常对照组胃(1.69±0.85)(lg n/ml),空肠(2.12±0.54)(l g n/ml),回肠(3.04±0.58)(lg n/ml);肝功能衰竭组胃(2.94±0.98)(lg n/ml), 空肠(3.60±1.12)(lg n/ ml),回肠(4.88±1.56)(lg n/ml)(较正常对照组明显增多 P＜0.05).肠杆菌数正常对照组胃(0.83±0.59)(lg n/ml),空肠(1.13±0.9 8)(lg n /ml),回肠(2.13±1.44)(lg n/ml);肝功能衰竭组胃(2.48±1.06)(lg n/ml),空肠 (2. 79±0.35)(lg n/ml),回肠(4.4±0.61)(lg n/ml)(较正常对照组明显增多,其中胃、空肠P＜0.05,回肠P＜0.001).结论由硫代乙酰胺诱导的大鼠急性肝功能衰竭模型肠道细菌上移过度生长,细菌菌落总数及肠杆菌数明显增多, 门静脉内毒素水平明显增高,且肠道菌群紊乱与内毒素血症有密切关系.     

培菲康对肝硬化患者内毒素、血氨水平以及数字连接试验的影响

目的观察培菲康对肝硬化伴肝性脑病患者的内毒素、血氨水平以及联字试验的影响。方法肝硬化患者服用培菲康每次2粒,1日3次,疗程为4周。采用血氨测定仪、鲎试剂法及数字连接试验分别测定血氨水平、血浆内毒素水平及数字连接所需时间。结果与培菲康治疗前相比,肝硬化患者血浆内毒素水平显著降低(0.13±0.04 vs 0.27±0.17,EU/m l,P<0.01);血氨水平显著降低(1.36±1.21 vs 2.14±1.82,ng/L,P<0.001);数字连接试验所需时间显著缩短(58±32 vs 101±30,s,P<0.001)。结论微生态制剂(培菲康)可有效防治肝硬化患者肝性脑病及内毒素血症。     

福辛普利联合缬沙坦和辛伐他汀治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效观察

目的:观察福辛普利联合缬沙坦和辛伐他汀治疗糖尿病肾病的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析2006年7月至2009年7月在我院明确诊断并治疗的75例糖尿病肾病患者的临床疗效,所有患者均为Ⅳ期糖尿病肾病患者,尿白蛋白＞300 mg/24 h.患者按分层随机抽样分为3组,Ⅰ组:福辛普10-30 mg/d;Ⅱ组:福辛普利5-15 mg/d+缬沙坦80-160 mg/d;Ⅲ组:福辛普利5-15mg/d+缬沙坦80-160mg/d+辛伐他汀20mg/d.根据患者血压适当调整各类药物的用量,三组疗程均为6个月,治疗期间观察24h尿白蛋白量、肾功能(血肌酐、血尿素氮)、血脂(总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白)和干咳、恶心、肌痛等不良反应.结果:治疗后Ⅲ组患者血脂(总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)等方面均优于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组患者(P＜0.05),治疗后Ⅲ组患者24h尿白蛋白量较Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组患者明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);三组患者出现的不良反应差异无统计学意义.结论:福辛普利联合缬沙坦和辛伐他汀治疗糖尿病肾病能有效改善肾功能,改善糖尿病肾病患者脂质代谢,是目前应用于临床较好的方法之一.     

人类免疫缺陷病毒/丙型肝炎病毒混合感染者免疫细胞和肝生化指标的分析

目的 探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒/丙型肝炎病毒(HIV/HCV)混合感染者的免疫淋巴细胞亚群和肝脏生化指标的特征。方法 检测并分析研究组(40例混合感染HIV/HCV的血友病患者)和对照组(12例单独感染HIV的血友病患者)若干相关实验室指标。结果两组(研究与对照)结果 差异显著的指标分别为:自然杀伤(NK)细胞9.26%±5.98%对12.19%±5.80%,P<0.05;CD4/CD8细胞比值0.39±0.21对0.53±0.24,P<0.05;CD3细胞74.99%±10.33%对68.42%±8.82%,P<0.05;CD8细胞52.28%±12.59%对43.58%±10.99%,P<0.05;丙氨酸氨酶(ALT)(48.59±40.21)U/L对(26.87±27.23)U/L,P<0.01;天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)(61.66±51.02)U/L对(34.17±30.24)U/L,P<0.001;谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)(136.50±111.50)U/L对(43.88±36.17)U/L,P<0.001;甘胆酸(CG)(683.41±962.22)μg/L对(250.96±290.81)μg/L,P<0.001;透明质酸(HA)(180.94±196.69)ng/ml对(64.68±32.74)ng/ml,P<0.001;白/球蛋白(A/G)比值1.35±0.24对1.50±0.34,P<0.05。与单独HIV感染者比较,HIV/HCV混合感染者的NK细胞、CD4/CD8细胞比值和A/G比值显著降低,而ALT、AST、GGT、CG和HA的水平显著增加。结论 HIV/HCV混合感染可能加剧患者淋巴细胞亚群的不平衡,加重肝脏损伤和出现肝硬化趋势。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.