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分级诊疗是医改的重中之重,将为健康中国和基本医疗卫生制度建设提供坚实的体系基础和制度保障。系统总结了我国现阶段各地分级诊疗的实践,分析存在的主要问题,在此基础上提出相应的对策建议,为我国有序推进分级诊疗建设、深化医改提供参考依据。 相似文献
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建立分级诊疗制度是解决群众看病难、看病贵的根本性措施,关系卫生改革的成败。通过对近几年我国分级诊疗制度建设不成功的诸多原因进行分析,认为收支两条线是关键,并结合实际提出对策。 相似文献
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借鉴我国台湾地区全民健保下分级诊疗制度,落实和完善现行分级诊疗制度以保证医疗资源的合理配置。利用文献分析,对比研究两岸不同卫生体制下分级诊疗制度实施现状,结合专家访谈的形式明确台湾分级诊疗制度的特点。通过建立短期医疗网计划、成立社区医疗群、改革医保补偿机制、构筑医联体等方式优化分级诊疗制度。 相似文献
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中国大陆自然保护地概况及分类体系构想 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
自1956年我国建立第一个自然保护区以来, 截至2016年底, 我国已建立了约10种类型且数量庞大的自然保护地。随着我国生态文明建设的不断发展,建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系不仅是国家提出的重要任务,也是我国自然保护地未来发展的必然趋势。然而, 由于我国目前各类自然保护地尚无统一的分类体系, 已有的自然保护地之间存在着概念界定不清、分类体系混乱、主导功能模糊、地理空间重叠等诸多问题。这不仅严重阻碍了我国现有自然保护地的优化整合和国家公园体制建设,而且不便于开展国际交流。因此迫切需要明确自然保护地的定义, 建立一套适用于我国且有利于国际交流的自然保护地分类体系。本文在介绍自然保护地的概念与内涵,以及我国10类自然保护地建设和分类体系现状的基础上,重点梳理了我国自然保护地的发展历程, 比较了各类自然保护地的定义、内涵以及主要分类依据,并提出了3种能够涵盖目前各类自然保护地的分类体系构想,它们分别基于IUCN保护区分类系统、保护对象自然属性和管理目标社会属性。希望这些构想能在未来自然保护地分类体系的研究中起到抛砖引玉的作用。 相似文献
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宁夏南部黄土丘陵沟壑区生态农业建设实践与研究 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
1 引 言宁夏回族自治区彭阳县白岔村为我国黄土高原极度贫困地区 (西、海、固地区 )中一个典型的山区行政村。恶劣的自然环境 ,严重的水土流失使土地肥力不断下降 ,低产贫困 ,“四料”俱缺极度困扰着人民群众的生产和生活。垦荒自然植被破坏水土流失产量降低扩大垦荒水土流失加剧。农业生产陷入恶性循环之中。穷则思变 ,自 70年代末 ,在上级有关部门的大力支持与科技人员的指导下 ,积极退耕还林还草 ,加强水土流失治理 ,坚持“三·三”制 (即农林牧生产用地各占 1/ 3)生态农业建设 ,经过十几年的艰苦努力 ,植被得到了极大的恢复… 相似文献
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对金缕梅科现代分类系统的评述 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
为了进一步研究金缕梅科的系统与进化,作者详细介绍了该科的分类历史及各个分类系统;根据现代植物系统学研究的原理和方法,着重对金缕梅科的5个现代主要分类系统,Harms(1930),张宏达(1973,1979),Bogleetal.(1980),Endress(1989)和李建华(Li,1997)进行了详细的分析、比较和评述,在此基础上提出自己的观点,认为李建华的分类系统有一定合理性,但他对个别属的处理和族的划分仍有不妥之处 相似文献
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A review of the literature and case records reflected a need for the development of a clinically applicable assessment scheme and classification system for soft-tissue laceration injuries to the face. Herein, a systematic approach for assessing facial lacerations is proposed based on location, depth of penetration, branching, directionality, size, presence of soft-tissue defect, and translation of such injuries into the current procedural terminology (CPT) code. Moreover, a new classification system for facial laceration injuries is presented that may serve as the basis for simplification of current billing codes. Prospective clinical application of this classification system may lead to standardization of facial injury assessment and improvement in the incomplete and inconsistent patient record. This system will establish a reliable database that may identify factors in soft-tissue injuries that contribute to poor aesthetic results or secondary functional deformities. These data will lead to the modification of established treatment plans. 相似文献
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Constructing a fuzzy rule-based system using the ILFN network and Genetic Algorithm. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In this paper, a method for automatic construction of a fuzzy rule-based system from numerical data using the Incremental Learning Fuzzy Neural (ILFN) network and the Genetic Algorithm is presented. The ILFN network was developed for pattern classification applications. The ILFN network, which employed fuzzy sets and neural network theory, equips with a fast, one-pass, on-line, and incremental learning algorithm. After trained, the ILFN network stored numerical knowledge in hidden units, which can then be directly interpreted into if then rule bases. However, the rules extracted from the ILFN network are not in an optimized fuzzy linguistic form. In this paper, a knowledge base for fuzzy expert system is extracted from the hidden units of the ILFN classifier. A genetic algorithm is then invoked, in an iterative manner, to reduce number of rules and select only discriminate features from input patterns needed to provide a fuzzy rule-based system. Three computer simulations using a simulated 2-D 3-class data, the well-known Fisher's Iris data set, and the Wisconsin breast cancer data set were performed. The fuzzy rule-based system derived from the proposed method achieved 100% and 97.33% correct classification on the 75 patterns for training set and 75 patterns for test set, respectively. For the Wisconsin breast cancer data set, using 400 patterns for training and 299 patterns for testing, the derived fuzzy rule-based system achieved 99.5% and 98.33% correct classification on the training set and the test set, respectively. 相似文献
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Accurate classification of HIV-1 subtypes is essential for studying the dynamic spatial distribution pattern of HIV-1 subtypes and also for developing effective methods of treatment that can be targeted to attack specific subtypes. We propose a classification method based on profile Hidden Markov Model that can accurately identify an unknown strain. We show that a standard method that relies on the construction of a positive training set only, to capture unique features associated with a particular subtype, can accurately classify sequences belonging to all subtypes except B and D. We point out the drawbacks of the standard method; namely, an arbitrary choice of threshold to distinguish between true positives and true negatives, and the inability to discriminate between closely related subtypes. We then propose an improved classification method based on construction of a positive as well as a negative training set to improve discriminating ability between closely related subtypes like B and D. Finally, we show how the improved method can be used to accurately determine the subtype composition of Common Recombinant Forms of the virus that are made up of two or more subtypes. Our method provides a simple and highly accurate alternative to other classification methods and will be useful in accurately annotating newly sequenced HIV-1 strains. 相似文献
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《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1980,281(6233):134-136
If useful conclusions are to result from trials of treatment in breast cancer it is vital that the system of classification is accurate and reproducible. In 348 patients with operable breast cancer the TNM classification (1974 version) was examined. Surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists varied considerably in measuring tumour size (T), surgeons and radiologists agreeing in only 39% of cases, surgeons and pathologists in 54%, and radiologists and pathologists in 59%. Surgeons and pathologists agreed on the state of the regional lymph nodes (N) in 68% of cases. Thus the 1974 version of the TNM system is an inaccurate method of classifying breast cancer. The revised 1978 version, however, incorporating histopathological findings, should improve the accuracy of classification, and it is strongly recommended that future trials use this new version. 相似文献
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中国国家级湿地公园运行现状、区域分布格局与类型划分 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
对湿地公园的概念进行了探讨,对中国国家级湿地公园建设运行现状及其成因进行了总结,对湿地公园类型划分进行了研究,对两类中国国家级湿地公园地理分布格局进行了构建分析。结果表明:湿地公园概念需从学术层面统一界定;中国国家级湿地公园获批门槛低、建设进程慢、区域发展差异大、建设类型多样化不足、专题研究匮乏;其原因主要在于起步晚,受经济发展水平、湿地资源状况、生态环境保护意识和能力等因素影响;国家应加强对湿地公园建设的宏观调控和指导,要注重质量建设和区域协调发展;类型划分是展示湿地公园类型多样性的重要环节,要优先建设不同类型的湿地公园。 相似文献
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陈春伟 《中国微生态学杂志》2014,(7):866-868
由于乳糖在人体生长发育和新陈代谢中发挥着重要作用,LM或LI不仅可诱发小儿佝偻病、成人骨质疏松,而且还可造成人体腹泻、影响婴幼儿脑组织和神经系统的构建,对婴幼儿的体格发育和智力发育造成损害。本研究对乳糖不耐受的病因及发病因素、分型、流行病学、临床及实验室诊断方法等做一概述,为临床实践和科学研究提供参考。 相似文献