幽门螺杆菌vacA基因的克隆和序列分析

空泡毒素是幽门螺杆菌产生的已知的唯一蛋白毒素,该毒素与感染者胃肠上皮务和溃疡形成密切相关,同时也是幽门螺杆菌免疫预防和免疫治疗的重要候选组分。从幽门螺杆菌NCTC11637染色体DNA中经PCR方法获得了2.9kb的该基因成熟肽全长序列,将该基因克隆至载体pET22b ,经PCR扩增和酶切鉴定后序列分析表明,该基因与已知序列完全一致。     

幽门螺杆菌细胞空泡毒素与胃上皮细胞的表皮生长因子信号转导

细胞空泡毒素是幽门螺杆菌的一种重要的外分泌毒素,但其确定的致病机制尚不清楚。近年来研究发现,细胞空泡毒素不仅直接导致细胞的空泡毒性,还可能通过干扰胃黏膜上皮细胞内及细胞间的信息传递,尤其是与表皮生长因子有关的信号转导过程,影响上皮细胞的生长、增殖及组织的修复,是幽门螺杆菌致病机制的重要环节之一。     

幽门螺杆菌空泡毒素及编码基因的研究

幽门螺杆菌是胃部疾病的主要病原菌。近几年,它已成为研究热点之一,发展很快。本文就幽门螺杆菌空泡毒素及其编码基因的结构特性与胃部疾病的关系作了较为全面的介绍。     

幽门螺杆菌空泡毒素及其编码基因的研究

幽门螺杆菌是胃部疾病的主要病原菌。近几年,它已成为研究热点之一,发展很快。本文就幽门螺杆菌空泡毒素及其编码基因的结构、特性及与胃部疾病的关系作了较为全面的介绍。     

幽门螺杆菌基因组特征及研究进展

幽门螺杆菌是胃相关疾病：慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃癌和MALT淋巴瘤的一个重要的病原体。其毒力因子包括：尿素酶、鞭毛蛋白、粘附素、细胞毒素相关蛋白和空泡毒素等,通过对全基因序列分析研究,对幽门螺杆菌的致病机制有了进一步的了解。     

幽门螺杆菌毒素及相关疾病的研究进展

幽门螺杆菌是引起胃炎,消化性溃疡等多种胃肠疾病的重要病原体。目前认为该菌的主要致病因子是细胞空泡毒素和细胞毒相关蛋白。本文综述这两种毒素的基因特征,基因分型方法,致病机制和临床相关疾病的国内外最新研究成果。     

幽门螺杆菌重要致病物质——空泡毒素的研究进展

细胞空泡毒素作为幽门螺杆菌的重要毒力因子已得到确认,但其致病机制尚不明确。目前细胞空泡毒素致机制已成为研究热点,主要集中于毒素的分子结构、基因特点,分泌释放机制以及同敏感主细胞之间的相互作用,本文针对上述几方面的研究进展做一简要、综合介绍。     

与胃溃疡有关的蛋白质分子PTprz

科学家在 2 0世纪 80年代发现 ,幽门螺杆菌是引起胃溃疡的主要病因 .2 0年后 ,最新了解到世界上有一半人胃中聚集着幽门螺杆菌 ,但科学家对为什么局部感染会导致溃疡仍然存在困惑 .现在有一项用小鼠的研究提示 ,胃细胞表面有一种蛋白质帮助幽门螺杆菌产生的毒素来损坏胃粘膜 .早些时候的试验发现了该蛋白质 ,称其为PTprz ,在实验皿中该蛋白质位于暴露在幽门螺杆菌毒素的胃粘膜细胞表面 .其他研究说明 ,幽门螺杆菌毒素在胃粘膜细胞间隙引起酸的充盈而使胃粘膜细胞不稳定 .为了测定PTprz在胃溃疡中起什么作用 ,研究者给 2 4只小鼠口服称为Va…     

幽门螺杆菌空泡毒素研究进展

空泡毒素是让螺杆菌产生的一种分泌性蛋白,在体外可引起真核细胞引起真核细胞形成空泡,在体内可损害胃上皮细胞进而导致办上皮发生溃疡化病变。近几年,尤其是１９９４年以来,对空泡毒结构、毒性及其基因的研究进展很快。本文即对空泡毒素的结构和毒性的研究进展作一综述。     

幽门螺杆菌保护性抗原研究进展

幽门螺杆菌是一种与慢性胃炎、胃溃疡及胃癌的发生密切相关的致病菌。疫苗是预防和控制传染病的有效途径,筛选出幽门螺杆菌保护性抗原是设计和构建幽门螺杆菌疫苗的关键。本对与幽门螺杆菌粘附、定植及与其毒素相关的保护性抗原做一概述。     

Reduced intracellular survival of Helicobacter pylori vacA mutants in comparison with their wild-types indicates the role of VacA in pathogenesis

The vacuolating cytotoxin VacA of Helicobacter pylori plays an important but yet unknown role in pathogenesis. We studied the impact of the vacuolating cytotoxin on H. pylori invasion of and survival within AGS cells (human gastric cell line derived from an antral adenocarcinoma). Isogenic vacA and cagA mutants were constructed in a wild-type clinical isolate H. pylori, AF4. An H. pylori VacA-deficient mutant, AF4(vacA::kan), was cultured in significantly lower numbers from AGS cells after 24 h incubation with gentamicin added to the culture medium than were the type I wild-type strain AF4 (P<0.03) and an isogenic cagA mutant (P<0.01). Complementation of the AF4 vacA mutant with broth culture supernatant from wild-type AF4 improved the intracellular survival of the vacA mutant. We conclude that H. pylori's vacuolating cytotoxin improves the intracellular survival of H. pylori within AGS cells, suggesting the role of the vacuolating cytotoxin in H. pylori pathogenesis.     

Neutralisation of vacuolating activity of cytotoxin by serum antibodies of Helicobacter pylori infected patients

The study involved 196 H. pylori strains and 196 serum samples taken from the same patients. H. pylori strains were investigated for the production of vacuolating cytotoxin. Antibodies to the vacuolating cytotoxin produced by H. pylori were detected in the sera samples by neutralisation assay (on Intestine 407 cells) and ELISA. Of the 196 H. pylori strains tested, 80 (40.8%) were found to express vacuolating cytotoxic activity. The titres of vacuolating cytotoxic were ranged from 1:2 to 1:128. The vacuolating assay was positive in 37.1% strains isolated from children, and in 50% strains isolated from adults. Cytotoxin-positive H. pylori strains were found more frequently in duodenal ulcer (71%) than in chronic gastritis (35.2%) patients, and this difference was statistically significant p<0.05. Neutralising antibodies to vacuolating cytotoxin were present in 51% and 49% of the serum samples tested by neutralisation and ELISA, respectively. Duodenal ulcer patients had antibodies to vacuolating cytotoxin more frequently (p<0.05) than chronic gastritis patients. Antibodies to cytotoxin were detected in 100% of the serum samples from patients infected by cytotoxic H. pylori strains. This suggests that the presence of anticytotoxic antibodies in the serum samples may be regarded as a sensitive indicator of infection by cytotoxic H. pylori strains.     

Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin binding to a putative cell surface receptor, heparan sulfate, studied by surface plasmon resonance

The Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin or VacA toxin is a major virulence factor in H. pylori infection and type B gastritis. We predicted heparin/heparan sulfate (H/HS) binding properties of the 58-kDa subunit of VacA cytotoxin using bioinformatics tools and showed this by surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor studies. Putative H/HS binding peptides were synthesized and binding to HS was shown by SPR in the absence or presence of trifluoroethanol. We found that a recombinant cytotoxin VacA polypeptide binds to surface-immobilized HS and propose that HS might be a receptor/co-receptor for H. pylori VacA cytotoxin.     

Interaction of Helicobacter pylori with host cells: function of secreted and translocated molecules

Secreted proteins are of general interest from the perspective of bacteria-host interaction. The gastric bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori uses a set of secreted and translocated proteins--including outer membrane adhesins, secreted extracellular enzymes and translocated effector proteins--to adapt to its extraordinary habitat, the gastric mucosa. Two major virulence factors of H. pylori are the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) and the cag type-IV secretion system and its translocated effector protein, cytotoxin-associated antigen A (CagA). VacA targets not only epithelial cells, but also cells of the immune system and induces immunosuppression. CagA has been shown to interact with a growing set of eucaryotic signaling molecules in phosphorylation-dependent and -independent ways.     

Crohn disease ATG16L1 polymorphism increases susceptibility to infection with Helicobacter pylori in humans

Autophagy plays key roles both in host defense against bacterial infection and in tumor biology. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes chronic gastritis and is the single most important risk factor for the development of gastric cancer in humans. Its vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) promotes gastric colonization and is associated with more severe disease. Acute exposure to VacA initially triggers host autophagy to mitigate the effects of the toxin in epithelial cells. Recently, we demonstrated that chronic exposure to VacA leads to the formation of defective autophagosomes that lack CTSD/cathepsin D and have reduced catalytic activity. Disrupted autophagy results in accumulation of reactive oxygen species and SQSTM1/p62 both in vitro and in vivo in biopsy samples from patients infected with VacA (+) but not VacA (-) strains. We also determined that the Crohn disease susceptibility polymorphism in the essential autophagy gene ATG16L1 increases susceptibility to H. pylori infection. Furthermore, peripheral blood monocytes from individuals with the ATG16L1 risk variant show impaired autophagic responses to VacA exposure. This is the first study to identify both a host autophagy susceptibility gene for H. pylori infection and to define the mechanism by which the autophagy pathway is affected following H. pylori infection. Collectively, these findings highlight the synergistic effects of host and bacterial autophagy factors on H. pylori pathogenesis and the potential for subsequent cancer susceptibility.     

Optimized conditions for the fermentation of Helicobacter pylori and production of vacuolating cytotoxin

Abstract We report here improvements to the growth media and fermentation conditions which result in a substantial increase of Helicobacter pylori growth and in the enhanced production of vacuolating cytotoxin. Addition of glucose to the medium resulted in the increase of cell yield, cell viability and a significant improvement in the production of vacuolating cytotoxin.     

Natural diversity in the N terminus of the mature vacuolating cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori determines cytotoxin activity

Naturally occurring noncytotoxic vacA type s2 strains of Helicobacter pylori have a 12-residue extension to the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) compared with cytotoxic type s1 strains. We show that adding the region encoding this extension to type s1 vacA completely abolishes vacuolating cytotoxin activity but has no effect on VacA production.