猪油果脂的甘油三酯组成

采用胰脂酶分解甘油三酯测定结构的方法对猪油果脂的组成进行分析。分析结果,猪油果脂由13种甘油三酯组成,其中2-位上的脂肪酸为油酸的占97.98mol％,1,3-位的脂肪酸主要为硬脂酸和油酸。其中SOS占33.47mol％,OOS占43.04mol%,OOO占13.83mol％。     

Candidasp．99-125脂肪酶催化猪油酸解合成1，3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯

人乳脂是一种在甘油骨架Sn-2位上富含棕榈酸（C16：0）的结构酯。经分析可知,猪油中棕榈酸主要分布在甘油酯的Sn-2位,可作为制备1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯（OPO）的原料。以Candidasp．99—125脂肪酶作催化剂,以猪油和油酸为原料,通过正交试验对无溶剂体系中酸解合成OPO的工艺条件进行研究,得到最适反应条件：猪油与油酸的质量比为1：2．0,酶用量为总底物质量的10％,反应温度40℃,反应时间4h。在该反应条件下,经酸解合成的产物三甘酯中,Sn-2C16：0的含量大于70％,占总脂肪酸中棕榈酸含量的93％以上,并合有43％以上的OPO。     

几种乌桕桕脂甘油三酯的组成

采用胰脂酶分解的方法对几种乌桕[Sapium sebiferum(L.) Roxb.]种子桕脂甘油三酯组成进行了测定,桕脂的甘油三酯是由9－14种甘油三酯所组成,与可可脂相似之处是甘油三酯2－位上的脂肪酸,82－88％为油酸,二饱和酸甘油酯中81－88％,其中以POP为主（74－81％）;单饱和酸甘油酯占1．8－6．0％;而三饱和酸甘油酯占9．6－15．6％,主要是PPP（8．5－14．0％）。桕脂经过适当的加工处理,可以做可可脂的代用品,将湖南产的乌桕与广西栽培的4个品种（“大粒鸡爪”,“蜈蚣”,“铜锤”和“小粒鸡爪”）桕脂中的甘油三酯组成比较,以“大粒鸡爪”桕脂中二饱和酸甘油酯的比较最高（88．0％）,三饱和酸甘油酯的含量最低（9．6％）。     

几种乌桕桕脂甘油三酯的组成

采用胰脂酶分解的方法对几种乌桕[Sapium sebiferum(L.) Roxb.]种子桕脂甘油三酯组成进行了测定,桕脂的甘油三酯是由9－14种甘油三酯所组成,与可可脂相似之处是甘油三酯2－位上的脂肪酸,82－88％为油酸,二饱和酸甘油酯中81－88％,其中以POP为主（74－81％）;单饱和酸甘油酯占1．8－6．0％;而三饱和酸甘油酯占9．6－15．6％,主要是PPP（8．5－14．0％）。桕脂经过适当的加工处理,可以做可可脂的代用品,将湖南产的乌桕与广西栽培的4个品种（“大粒鸡爪”,“蜈蚣”,“铜锤”和“小粒鸡爪”）桕脂中的甘油三酯组成比较,以“大粒鸡爪”桕脂中二饱和酸甘油酯的比较最高（88．0％）,三饱和酸甘油酯的含量最低（9．6％）。     

一种制备poly(Ⅰ)·poly(C)-滤纸的新方法

poly(1)·poly(C)-滤纸是一种亲和材料,可以用来吸附与双链核酸有亲和力的酶或蛋白。本文介绍用对-β硫酸酯乙砜基苯胺为活化剂制备poly(I)·poly(C)-滤纸的方法。poly(I)·poly(C)的结合容量为10—35μg/cm~2,用来吸附兔网织红细胞裂解液中2’-5’A合成酶效果良好。在一定范围内,酶活与被吸附裂解液量呈线性关系,说明可以用来定量检测未知样品中与poly(I)·poly(C)有亲和力的酶。poly(I)·poly(C)-滤纸在-20℃保存四个月亲和能力不变。本方法与文献报道的方法相比,操作简便试剂易得。     

桐油脂肪酸组成分析和甘三酯结构判定

采用2-氨基-2-甲基丙醇（2-amino-2-methylpropanol,AMP）衍生化、GC／MS法分析桐油的脂肪酸组成：软脂酸3．41％,硬脂酸3．71％,油酸7．07％,亚油酸7．51％,亚麻酸1．31％,十八碳共轭三烯酸73．19％,未定出成分3．80％;采用RP—HPLC／APCI—MS法分离桐油中的甘三酯组分,并根据特定甘三酯断裂生成的特征甘二酯离子的丰度比初步判定主要甘三酯的结构。     

人乳脂替代品1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸三甘酯的研究进展

1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸三甘酯是一种重要的人乳脂替代品,其脂肪酸组成及脂肪酸在甘油三酯中的位置分布均与天然母乳脂非常相似,将其添加到婴幼儿奶粉中,可确保为婴儿提供接近母乳的甘油三酯营养供应。因此,采用绿色酶催化技术开发1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸三甘酯有着非常广阔的前景。概述了1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸三甘酯酶催化合成技术的研究进展,对合成工艺中的反应底物、酶、反应介质、反应类型以及催化反应中存在的问题进行了探讨。     

SC9-4和棕榈油的比较分析研究

SC_9-4是以植物油为原料研制成功的一种高速冷轧工艺润滑油。经武钢高速冷轧机轧制性能鉴定,它的高速轧制性能优于棕榈油。我们使用高效液相色谱比较分析鉴定了SC_9-4和棕榈油的甘油三酯组成。分析结果:SC_9-4:的主要甘油三酯是POP(42.8％)和PPP(14.6％),而棕榈油的主要甘油三酯是POP(31.3％)、POO(20.1％)、PLP(12.2％)和PLO(11.6％)。我们初步探讨甘油三酯组成与轧制性能关系认为,SC_9-4的高速轧制性能优于棕榈油,可能是和SC_9-4含PPP、PPS和PSS的含量(18.8％)高于棕榈油(9.9％)有关。     

α1，2-岩藻糖转移酶基因转染对卵巢癌细胞生物学行为的影响

为探讨α1,2-岩藻糖转移酶（α1,2-fucosyhransferase,α1,2-FT）基因转染对卵巢癌细胞RMG—I生物学特性的影响．利用PCR方法克隆人α1,2-FT基因的编码区HFUT—H,构建表达载体pcDNA3．1-HFUT—H．利用磷酸钙法将其转染入卵巢癌细胞系RMG—I,建立α1,2-FT基因稳定高表达细胞株RMG—I—H。采用RT—PCR及α1,2-FT活性测定检测转染前后细胞系α1,2-FT基因表达及α1,2-FT活性的变化,利用免疫细胞化学方法测定细胞表面Lewis y抗原表达变化,利用MTT法、流式细胞仪细胞增殖周期检测方法测定转染前后细胞系生物学特性的变化。分别以转染前细胞RMG—I和转染空载体细胞RMG—I-C为对照组。结果显示转染后细胞α1,2-FT mRNA表达增高,α1,2-FT活性增加20—30倍。转染后的细胞易复层生长,生长速度加快,细胞克隆边缘呈树突状延伸生长。转染后细胞RMG—I—H软琼脂克隆形成率（35％）明显高于对照组RMG—I（13％）及RMG—I—C（12％）,为对照组的2．6倍。RMG—I—H细胞G1期比例从对照组的74．14％下降到59．46％,G2-M期和S期比例分别从对照组的2．05％和23．95％上升到7.32％和33．27％（P〈0．05）。这些结果充分说明。α1,2-FT及Lewisv抗原具有促进RMG—I细胞增殖,提高RMG—I细胞生存能力,促进肿瘤发生、发展的作用。     

国产松露乙醚提取物的GC-MS分析

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分析我国云南产黑松露(Tuber indicum)乙醚提取物的化学成分.从中鉴定了56个化合物,占提取物总含量的87.37％,化合物组成特征:以脂肪酸类化合物为主,占59.98％,其中含亚油酸达26.51％;醇、酯、醛和烃类化合物分别占7.96％、2.79％、2.44％和13.12％,另外还含有少量的苯衍生物,占1.08％.     

Omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of lauric acid and arachidonic acid by rat renal cytochrome P-450

We resolved four cytochrome P-450s, designated as P450 K-2, K-3, K-4, and K-5, from the renal microsomes of untreated male rats by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and investigated the lauric acid and arachidonic acid hydroxylation activities of these fractions. P450 K-4 and K-5 had high omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation activities toward lauric acid. The ratio of the omega-/(omega-1)-hydroxylation activity of P450 K-4 and K-5 was 3 and 6, respectively. Also, P450 K-4 and K-5 effectively catalyzed the omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of arachidonic acid. P450 K-3 was not efficient in the hydroxylation of either lauric acid or arachidonic acid. P450 K-2 had low omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation activities toward arachidonic acid, and efficiently catalyzed the hydroxylation of lauric acid at the (omega-1)-position only, not at the omega-position.     

神农香菊花的化学成分研究

用溶剂萃取及层析法,从神农香菊花中分得七个成分,其中六个化合物的结构波谱方法分别鉴定为:樟脑(camphor),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),刺槐素(acacetin),棕榈酸(palmitic acid),月桂酸(lauric acid),β-胡萝卜甙(daucosterol)。,另一化合物因含量甚微,结构待定。月桂酸为首次从菊属植物中分得。     

The lipid binding site of the phosphatidylcholine transfer protein from bovine liver

The phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PC-TP) from bovine liver has a binding site for phosphatidylcholine (PC). Structural and molecular characteristics of this site were investigated by binding PC-analogues carrying photolabile, fluorescent and short-chain fatty acids. Analysis of the photolabeled PC/PC-TP adduct showed that the hydrophobic peptide segment Val171-Phe-Met-Tyr-Tyr-Phe-Asp177 is part of the lipid binding site for the 2-acyl chain. This site was further studied by binding PC carrying cis-parinaric acid at the sn-2-position. Time resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements indicated that the 2-acyl chain was immobilized following the rotation of PC-TP. Similar experiments with PC carrying cis-parinaric acid at the sn-1-position demonstrated that the 1-acyl chain was immobilized as well but at a site distinctly different from that of the 2-acyl chain. Binding sites for the 1- and 2-acyl chain were then explored by use of PC-isomers carrying decanoic, lauric and myristic acid at the sn-1- (or sn-2-)-position and oleic acid at the sn-2- (or sn-1-)-position. Incubation with vesicles prepared of these PC-species indicated that binding to PC-TP diminished with decreasing acyl chain length but more so for species with short-chain fatty acids on the sn-2-position than on the sn-1-position. Transfer experiments confirmed that PC-TP discriminates between PC-isomers of apparently equal hydrophobicity favouring the transfer of these species carrying oleic acid at the sn-2-position.     

Studies on phospholipases from Streptomyces. III. Purification and properties of Streptomyces hachijoensis phospholipase C.

1. Phospholipase C [EC 3.1.4.3] found in the growth medium of Streptomyces hachijoensis was purified about sixty-fold by dialysis and column chromatography on Sephadex G-50. 2. The active fraction was separated by isoelectric focusing into two fractions, phospholipase C-I (pI 6.0) and phospholipase C-II (pI 5.6). 3. Both purified phospholipases C were homogeneous by immunodiffusion and were not differentiated as regards antigencity. 4. Phospholipase C-I had maximal activity at pH 8.0 and the optimal temperature was 50degree. Phospholipase C-I was stable at 50degrees for 30 min and was stable at neutral pH. 5. The activity of phospholipase C-I was inhibited by high concentrations of various detergents such as Triton X-100, sodium, cholate, SDS and was also inhibited by Ca2+, Ba2+, Al3+, and EDTA, but was stimulated by Mg2+, and ethyl ether. 6. The Km value of phospholipase C-I was 0.9 mM, using phosphatidylcholine as a substrate. 7. By the gel filtration procedure, the molecular weights of phospholipase C-I and -II were both determined to be 18,000. 8. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, cardiolipin, sphingomyelin, and lysophosphatidylcholine were hydrolyzed by phospholipase C-I, but phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine were hydrolyzed with difficulty under the same conditions, Phospholipase C-I also hydrolyzed phosphatidic acid.     

Comparison of the hydrolytic degradation and deformation properties of a PLLA-lauric acid based family of biomaterials

Addition of lauric acid to PLLA results in a significantly increased rate of hydrolytic degradation, with the time-to-loss of tensile strength directly related to the concentration of lauric acid. In this study, the hydrolytic degradation profiles of four materials were studied: amorphous PLLA, amorphous PLLA containing 1.8 wt % lauric acid, amorphous PLLA containing 4.5 wt % lauric acid, and pre-crystallized PLLA containing 1.8 wt % lauric acid. Hydrolytic degradation was monitored through mass profiles, molecular weight profiles, crystallinity and the development of mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms (through simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering and tensile testing), and a "phase diagram" of properties suggested. The key factor in determining the development of properties was found to be the time at which crystallization occurred in relation to the loss of molecular weight, with the two factors most affecting this being the lauric acid content and the pre-degradation annealing treatment.     

Thf complete amino acid sequence of C-I (apoLp-Ser), an apolipoprotein from human very low density lipoproteins.

C-I was prepared from very low density lipoproteins of patients with familial type V hyperliporproteinemia. Peptides from tryptic digests of unmodified and succinylated C-I, chymotryptic peptides, and the products of cayanogen bromide cleavage were isolated and characterized. Sequence analysis of tryptic peptides was performed by the dansyl (5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl) technique and hydrolytic regeneration of the amino acid residues from the phenylthiocarbamyl derivatives. Alignment of the tryptic fragments within the cyanogen bromide and succinyl-tryptic peptides was confirmed by the overlap chymotryptic peptides. The complete amino acid sequence of C-I, 57 residues in length, does not reveal any obvious basis for its lipophilic properties.     

Although it is rapidly metabolized in cultured rat hepatocytes, lauric acid is used for protein acylation

This study was designed to examine the metabolic fate of exogenous lauric acid in cultured rat hepatocytes, in terms of both lipid metabolism and acylation of proteins. Radiolabeled [14C]-lauric acid at 0.1 mM in the culture medium was rapidly taken up by the cells (94.8 +/- 2.2% of the initial radioactivity was cleared from the medium after a 4 h incubation) but its incorporation into cellular lipids was low (24.6 +/- 4.2% of initial radioactivity after 4 h), due to the high beta-oxidation of lauric acid in hepatocytes (38.7 +/- 4.4% after the same time). Among cellular lipids, lauric acid was preferentially incorporated into triglycerides (10.6 +/- 4.6% of initial radioactivity after 4 h). Lauric acid was also rapidly converted to palmitic acid by two successive elongations. Protein acylation was detected after metabolic labeling of the cells with [11,12-3H]-lauric acid. Two-dimensional electrophoresis separation of the cellular proteins and autoradiography evidenced the incorporation of radioactivity into 35 well-resolved proteins. Radiolabeling of several proteins resulted from covalent linkage to the precursor [11,12-3H]-lauric acid or to its elongation product, myristic acid. The covalent linkages between these proteins and lauric acid were broken by base hydrolysis, indicating that the linkage was of the thioester or ester-type. Endogenous myristic acid produced by lauric acid elongation was used for both protein N-myristoylation and protein S-acylation. Therefore, these results show for the first time that, although it is rapidly metabolized in hepatocytes, exogenous lauric acid is a substrate for the acylation of liver proteins.     

Two coding regions closely linked to the rat apolipoprotein E gene: nucleotide sequences of rat apolipoprotein C-I and ECL cDNA.

Restriction fragments isolated from a 17-kb rat genomic DNA clone containing the gene for apolipoprotein (apo) E were radiolabeled and used to screen a rat liver cDNA library. A cDNA clone hybridizing to a 6-kb genomic DNA fragment was isolated and the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA insert determined. The sequence was homologous to the sequence for human apo C-I and was used to derive the corresponding amino acid sequence. Unlike human apo C-I, mature rat apo C-I contains histidine, lacks valine, and has alanine at the C terminus and aspartate as the N terminus. Screening the rat liver cDNA library with a radiolabeled 1.9-kb restriction fragment from the genomic DNA clone containing the rat apo E gene identified another cDNA clone (ECL cDNA). Nucleotide sequencing yielded a derived 75-amino-acid sequence for the ECL protein with a hydrophobicity profile similar to that of rat apo C-I. Northern analysis demonstrated a 0.50-kb band for ECL mRNA. The tissue-specific expression of the gene is similar to that of rat apo C-I. This study indicates that the rat apo C-I and ECL genes are closely linked, about 4.5 and 12 kb downstream of the apo E gene, respectively.     

Cytochrome P-450-Dependent omega-Hydroxylation of Lauric Acid by Microsomes from Pea Seedlings

Microsomes from apical buds of pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Téléphone à rames) seedlings hydroxylate lauric acid at the ω-position. This oxidation is catalyzed by a cytochrome P-450 enzyme which differs from laurate hydroxylases previously described in microorganisms and mammals by its strict substrate specificity and the ability of low NADH concentrations to support unusually high oxidation rates. The apparent K_m for lauric acid was 20 micromolar. NADPH- and NADH-dependent laurate hydroxylation followed non-Michaelian kinetics with apparent K_m values ranging from 0.2 to 28 micromolar for NADPH, and 0.2 to 318 micromolar for NADH. When induced by the photomorphogenic photoreceptor phytochrome, the time course for the enhancement of laurate ω-hydroxylase was totally different from that of the cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, providing evidence for the existence of multiple cytochrome P-450 species in pea microsomes.