石荠苧精油的GC-MS分析及其抑菌活性的研究

利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取石荠芋（Mosla scabra（Thunb．）C．Y．Wu et H．W．Li]精油,得油率为1．2％。采用GC—MS方法分析了该挥发油的化学组成,检测到125个峰,共鉴定出其中67个化学成分并测定其相对含量。占总含量的95．25％。其中,（R）侧柏酮（26．11％）、（M）侧柏酮（13．66％）、石竹烯（8．89％）、桉叶油素（7．99％）、（R）-α-石竹烯（6．45％）、芹菜脑（5．43％）和β-荜澄茄油烯（4．51％）为主要成分。体外抑菌实验表明,该精油对7种供试细菌均有抑制作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus Roenbach）、普通变形杆菌（Proteasv ulgarisHauser）、甘薯青枯假单胞菌（Ralstonia soanacearum E．F．Smith）、大肠杆菌（Esckrichia coli Castellani et Chalmers）和短小芽孢杆菌（Bacillus pumilus Meyer et Gottheil）的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为2％,对枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis Cohn）和藤黄八叠球菌（Sarcina lutea Schroeter）的MIC为1％。     

呼吸科住院患者耐碳青霉烯鲍曼不动杆菌抗菌药物敏感性及其分子特征

目的调查深圳市人民医院呼吸科住院患者耐碳青霉烯鲍曼不动杆菌（CRAB）的抗菌药物敏感性和耐药分子机制,以及克隆流行情况。方法收集2010年深圳市人民医院呼吸科住院患者临床分离CRAB29株,琼脂稀释法测定亚胺培南等15种抗菌药对CRAB的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）,PCR和DNA测序分析CRAB碳青霉烯酶基因型,脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分析菌株同源性。结果多粘菌素B对29株CRAB抗菌活性最强,敏感性100％,MIC50／MIC90为1／1μg/mL,其次米诺环素,敏感性96．6％,MIC50／MIC90为4／4μg/mL,替加环素中介率高达96．6％,MIC50／MIC90为4／4μg/mL。96．6％（28／29）CRAB携带ISAba1—blaOXA-23-like,对亚胺培南和美罗培南高度耐药,亚胺培南和美罗培南的MIC集中分布在32—64μg／mL;1株携带ISAba1—blaOXA-51-like CRAB,对亚胺培南和美罗培南中度耐药,亚胺培南和美罗培南的MIC分别为4μg/mL和8μg/mL。29株CRAB未发现blaOXA-24-like、blaOXA-143-like、金属酶基因及KPC酶基因。29株CRAB经PFGE分型共分2型,以A型28株（96．6％）为主要流行克隆,均携带ISAba1-blaOXA-23-like。结论2010年我院呼吸科临床分离CRAB主要携带ISAba1—blaOXA-23-like基因,并以克隆播散流行。     

口服脂质体包裹Ag85A DNA疫苗诱导抗体的产生

制备脂质体包裹的Ag85A口服DNA疫苗,并观察小鼠口服后所诱生的抗体产生情况。用脂质体包襄重组质粒pcDNA3．1／mye—HisA—Ag85A制备口服DNA疫苗,并用脂质体包裹空质粒pcDNA3．1／myc—HisA作为对照。将C57BL／6小鼠随机分为3组,即生理盐水组、空质粒组和重组质粒DNA疫苗组。分别将生理盐水、空质粒和重组质粒DNA疫苗以灌胃方式投给各组小鼠,共免疫3次,每次间隔14d,末次免疫后14d处死小鼠,ELISA法检测血清中Ag85A特异性抗体水平,放射免疫法测定肠组织中分泌型IgA（sIgA）含量。重组质粒组血清中Ag85A特异性抗体滴度为1：160,空质粒组和生理盐水组血清中均未捡出Ag85A特异性抗体。重组质粒组肠组织中slgA含量（0．3761±0．0456）μg／mL较空质粒组（0．2374±0．0414）μg／mL和生理盐水（0．1993±0．0899）μg／mL组显著增高（P〈0．05）,而空质粒组和生理盐水组未见有意义的变化（P〉0．05）。口服脂质体包裹Ag85ADNA疫苗可诱导外周特异性抗体的产生和肠道黏膜局部sIgA的水平的升高。     

广州地区74株淋球菌耐药性结果分析

目的了解广州地区淋球菌对抗生素的耐药性及PPNG和TRNG的流行状况。方法用琼脂稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）;用纸片碘量法检测β-内酰胺酶。结果74株淋球菌检出PPNG31株（41．9％）、TRNG19株（25．7％）、环丙沙星耐药率达97．3％,高度耐药株（MIC≥16mg／L）22株（29．7％）,未发现对头孢三嗪、壮观霉素耐药的菌株,且抗菌活性最强。结论持续监测淋球菌的耐药性十分重要。     

海栖热袍菌胞外α-淀粉酶在E.coli中的高效表达

为解决密码子偏好性差异造成的表达水平低下问题,采取了3种手段提高海栖热袍菌胞外α-淀粉酶在E．coli中的表达水平。用PCR方法从海栖热袍菌（Thermotoga maritima）基因组DNA中扩增出胞外α-淀粉酶A的完整基因amyA,插入表达载体pET-20（b）中构建成质粒pET—amyA;运用基因工程手段将amyA基因富含稀有密码子的信号肽进行切除,将不含信号肽的amyAⅠ基因插入pET-20（b）中构建成质粒pET—amyAⅠ;用PCR法从大肠杆菌基因组中扩增出argU基因,插入pET—amyAⅠ中构建成质粒pET—amyAⅡ。将重组质粒分别转化到E．coli JM109（DE3）,并将重组质粒pET—amyAⅠ转化E．coli BL21-Codon Plus（DE3）-RIL。通过IPTG诱导测酶活性：在E．coli JM109（DE3）中表达的重组酶（pET—amyA）、（pET—amyAⅠ）、（pET—amyAⅡ）的酶活分别是1658．0U／mL、6721．7U／mL、8904．5U／mL,在E．coil BL21-CodonPlus （DE3）-RIL中表达的重组酶（pET—amyAⅠ）的酶活是13867．7U／mL。表明通过这些手段能大幅提高T.maritima胞外α-淀粉酶在E．coli中的表达水平。     

果寡糖对银鲫非特异性免疫功能的影响

为研究果寡糖（Fructooligosaccharides）对银鲫（Carassius auratus）非特异性免疫功能的影响,以50g左右的银鲫为实验对象,在其基础饲料中分别添加浓度为0．5g／kg（A。组）、1g／kg（A：组）、2g／kg（A,组）、4g／kg（A。组）的果寡糖,另设基础饲料为对照组（A。组）,分别于7d、14d、21d、28d、42d、56d检测银鲫血液中白细胞吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活力、血清SOD酶活性和补体C3的含量。结果表明,A2组的白细胞吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活力、血清SOD酶活性和补体C3的含量显著高于A0组（P〈0．05）,分别于第28、第21、第14、第14天达到最大值;A,组的白细胞吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活力、血清SOD酶活性和补体C3的含量显著高于A0组（p〈0．05）,分别于第14、第14、第7、第14天达到最大值。A3组的补体C3的含量显著高于A2组（P〈0．05）,白细胞吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活力、血清SOD酶活性与A2组相比差异不显著,但其活性高于A2组。A1组、A4组与A0组之间的白细胞吞噬活性、血清溶菌酶活力、血清SOD酶活性和补体C3的含量在各时间点均无显著差异。     

VEGF—C和VEGFR-3在大肠癌中的表达及与淋巴结转移的关系

目的研究大肠癌患者癌组织中VEGF—C和VEGFR-3的表达及其相互之间的关系,以探讨VEGF—C和VEGFR-33大肠癌发生发展中的作用及与临床预后的关系。方法运用原位杂交方法及免疫组化SP法检测69例大肠癌组织中VEGF—CmRNA和VEGF—C的表达,同时运用免疫组化法分析相同组织中VEGFR-3表达状况。结果VEGF—CmRNA及VEGF—C在大肠癌组织中的表达阳性率分别为52．17％（36／69）和49．27％（34／69）,VEGF—C基因和蛋白表达基本相符合。VEGFR-3表达阳性率为43．48％（30／69）,正常黏膜未见VEGFR-3表达（P〈0．05）;大肠癌组织中VEGF—C与VEGFR-3蛋白表达之间存在显著的相关性（P〈0．01）。在伴有淋巴结转移的大肠腺癌中,VEGF—C与VEGFR～3的阳性表达率分别为67．74％（21／31）和64．52％（20／31）,转移组与非转移组相比较均有显著性差异（P〈0．01）;VEGF—C及VEGFR-3表达与Duke’s分期呈负相关（P〈0．05）,与组织分化、性别、年龄、肿瘤大小等临床病理因素无关（P〉0．05）。结论VEGF—C与VEGFR-3表达可增加大肠癌淋巴道转移和侵袭能力,其检测有助于大肠癌恶性程度评价及预后的判断,两者在大肠癌的发展中起重要作用。     

三个家猪品种和rob易位群染色体分带多态性的比较

对家猪不同品种及家系间的染色体组型、C－带、Ag－NORs多态性进行的研究表明：杜洛克猪、约克夏猪、长白猪体细胞染色体数2n＝38,核型2n＝10sm＋12m＋4st＋12t,而13／17易位纳合子猪（36,rob．13／17）的体细胞染色体数2n＝36,核型2n＝10sm＋12m＋6st＋8t;13／17易位杂合子猪（37,rob．13／17）的体细胞染色体数目为2n＝37,核型为2n＝10sm＋12m＋5st＋10t。5种家猪的C－带在13～18号染色体上存在大、中、小三种类型,且呈多态性分布。杜洛克猪、约克夏猪、长白猪、13／17易位纳合子猪、13／17易位杂合子猪的Ag－NORs均数分别为2．05、2．062．00、1．99、1．98,说明Ag－NORs在品种、个体及细胞间具有多态性.     

FISH-FCM方法检测酵母-细菌二元体系中微生物数量

以废水生物处理系统和生物发酵系统出现的酵母-细菌二元体系作为研究对象,探讨了二元体系生物样品的最佳超声分散条件以及同时检测酵母和细菌数量时荧光原位杂交（FISH）-流式细胞术（FCM）技术的测量精度。染色-FCM检测表明：同时适用于混合酵母样品（酵母假菌丝）和混合细菌样品（活性污泥絮体）的最佳超声分散条件为100W、60～90s,但过强超声条件（120s）对酵母Candida tropicalis纯培养物（或细菌Escherichia coli纯培养物）的超声粉碎效果完全不同于混合酵母样品（或混合细菌样品）。在此基础上,以C．tropicalis和E．coli分别作为酵母和细菌的模式微生物,采用双探针杂交的FISH—FCM技术检测了背景微生物（C．tropicalis或Ecoll）浓度为10^7个／ml时二元体系中目标微生物（10^2～10^7个／ml）的数量。流式细胞仪能够明显区分噪音和二元体系中的酵母和细菌,因而一次进样时能够同时分析两种微生物数量,并且目标微生物浓度可以精确到10^4个／ml,此时微生物含量仅为0．1％,其中细菌浓度甚至可以精确到10^3个／ml（相应含量仅为0．01％）。然而,当二元体系中目标微生物浓度过低时（〈10^4个酵母／ml或〈10^4个细菌／ml）,背景微生物的存在会严重影响FISH—FCM技术的测量准确性。     

酸马奶提取Kluyveromyces marxianus代谢抗菌复合物对致病性大肠杆菌的抑菌和细胞表面特性的影响

【目的】探究酸马奶提取马克斯克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)代谢产生的抗菌复合物K.marxianus p H 2.0和K.marxianus p H 8.0(简称为K2和K8)对致病性大肠杆菌Escherichia coli O8的抑菌效果和细胞表面特性的影响。【方法】乙酸乙酯萃取法制备K2和K8,牛津杯法测定其对E.coli O8的抑菌圈,高效液相色谱法测定其有机酸的组成,试剂盒测定其毒素蛋白浓度,肉汤稀释法测定其对E.coli O8的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),酶标比浊法测定其对E.coli O8生长曲线的影响,微生物粘附法测定其对E.coli O8细胞表面疏水性的影响,邻硝基苯β-D-半乳吡喃糖苷(ONPG)法测定其对E.coli O8细胞膜渗透性的影响。【结果】乙酸乙酯萃取法获得抗菌复合物溶液,其中p H 2.0水相与p H 8.0水相抑菌圈最大,冻干得K2和K8,主要组分为丙酸等有机酸和毒素蛋白。K2和K8对E.coli O8的MIC分别为0.025 g/m L和0.100 g/m L,MBC分别为0.100 g/m L和0.200 g/m L。K2和K8能影响E.coli O8的生长曲线,增加E.coli O8的疏水性和渗透性,且K2优于K8。【结论】酸马奶提取K.marxianus代谢抗菌复合物K2和K8能抑制致病性E.coli O8生长,影响其细胞表面特性。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.