苦荞转录因子FtMYBF的克隆、亚细胞定位及表达分析

R2R3-MYB转录因子SG7亚家族成员在植物黄酮醇生物合成中具有极其重要的调控作用。探究苦荞中SG7 R2R3-MYB转录因子在黄酮醇生物合成中的功能,为苦荞黄酮醇生物合成的分子调控机制研究奠定基础。采用RT-PCR技术从苦荞中克隆到一个前期经转录组与代谢组联合分析鉴定到的SG7 R2R3-MYB转录因子,命名为FtMYBF。利用生物信息学、亚细胞定位、基因共表达、基因表达量与总黄酮含量相关性对该基因进行了分析。结果表明,FtMYBF全长CDS序列为1119 bp,编码372个氨基酸。蛋白多序列比对和系统进化树分析表明,FtMYBF属于R2R3-MYB SG7亚家族成员。亚细胞定位显示,FtMYBF蛋白定位于细胞核。基因共表达分析表明,FtMYBF与多个苦荞黄酮醇生物合成结构基因共表达。基因表达量与总黄酮含量间相关性分析表明,FtMYBF在不同组织部位表达量与总黄酮含量高度正相关。FtMYBF属于R2R3-MYB SG7亚家族成员,是一个核定位转录因子,其可能通过正调控苦荞黄酮醇生物合成结构基因的表达来正调控苦荞黄酮和黄酮醇的生物合成。     

苦荞R2R3-MYB转录因子调控原花青素生物合成的研究

基于苦荞花期转录组数据,该研究筛选并克隆获得一个黄酮代谢相关的MYB类转录因子,并命名为FtMYB23。该基因ORF框长879bp,编码292个氨基酸;系统进化树分析显示,FtMYB23与SG5-MYB亚家族成员聚为一簇,属于典型的R2R3-MYB型转录因子。β-半乳糖苷酶滤纸分析表明,其具有转录激活活性。FtMYB23过表达转基因拟南芥株系的表型分析表明,3个阳性株系的种皮颜色均呈现出比野生型更深的褐色,其叶中原花青素含量均极显著增加(P 0.01),分别为野生型的4.68、3.5和2.8倍。qRT-PCR分析表明,转基因拟南芥中黄酮合成相关的AtCHS、AtCHI、AtF3H、AtF3′H、AtFLS、AtDFR和AtBAN等基因的表达量显著升高(P 0.05),而AtTT12的表达量极显著降低(P 0.01)。研究认为,FtMYB23作为典型的Subgroup5-MYB(SG5-MYB)激活型转录因子,通过促进黄酮合成途径早期关键酶基因的表达,从而提高原花青素的合成与积累。     

TrMYB308基因的克隆及在苦荞毛状根中的功能分析

MYB类转录因子广泛参与调控植物的生长发育过程,对植物次生代谢也具有重要调控作用。前期研究以V型紫斑白三叶为材料,通过RNA-Seq技术,筛选出与类黄酮合成相关的转录因子TrMYB308。在此基础上从V型紫斑白三叶中克隆出TrMYB308基因,该基因的ORF全长为921 bp,编码306个氨基酸。亚细胞定位结果表明,TrMYB308定位于细胞核。多序列比对和系统发育分析表明,TrMYB308属于典型的R2R3-MYB转录因子,且该蛋白与红三叶TaMYB308和苜蓿MtMYB308等蛋白亲缘关系较近。表达特性分析结果表明,Tr MYB308基因在紫斑白三叶各个组织中均有表达,且其表达量受JA的诱导。在苦荞毛状根中异源表达TrMYB308,结果发现转基因根系中的类黄酮代谢途径部分关键酶基因(如FtF3H和FtFLS)的表达量明显增加;转基因根系总黄酮的含量明显高于对照组。基于以上结果,推测TrMYB308可能参与类黄酮次生代谢生物合成调控。本研究为荞麦类黄酮合成分子机制探索及荞麦品质改良提供了理论依据。     

茶树CsMYB123转录因子的克隆及表达特性研究

该实验以茶树品种‘紫娟’为试验材料,利用RT-PCR方法,从茶树cDNA中克隆得到一个R2R3-MYB型基因(CsMYB123)。生物信息学分析显示,CsMYB123基因的开放阅读框为915bp,编码304个氨基酸,蛋白分子量约34.07kD,理论等电点为8.69,含有2个保守的MYB结构域,编码1个R2R3-MYB蛋白;CsMYB123蛋白与拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)MYB转录因子家族第五亚组的AtMYB123亲缘关系最近;CsMYB123属于亲水性蛋白,无N端信号肽,可能定位于细胞核上。荧光定量PCR分析表明,CsMYB123基因在茶树各组织的表达量大小依次为:一芽一叶第二叶第三叶第四叶老茎嫩茎,且在一芽一叶中的表达量是嫩茎的15.68倍;但CsMYB123的表达受IAA、ABA、ETH和GA3的抑制。花青素含量检测显示,茶树‘紫娟’各组织中花青素的含量高低依次为:第二叶一芽一叶第三叶第四叶嫩茎老茎,且第二叶和一芽一叶的含量分别为老茎的15倍和11倍。研究发现,CsMYB123基因在茶树‘紫娟’的新稍中高水平表达,且其表达模式与不同组织中的花青素含量呈较好的正相关关系,推测CsMYB123基因与茶树花青素合成的调控相关。     

拟南芥R2R3-MYB家族第22亚族的结构与功能

拟南芥R2R3-MYB转录因子在拟南芥生长发育、代谢及响应生物和非生物胁迫的调控网络中具有重要作用。根据保守的氨基酸序列,R2R3-MYB转录因子被分为25个亚族,其中第22亚族包含AtMYB44、AtMYB77、AtMYB73和AtMYB70 4个基因,主要响应生物和非生物胁迫。文章从基因功能的相似性、基因表达的一致性和基因结构的保守性3方面综述了第22亚族的4个基因,并综合讨论了其在结构与功能上的冗余性和多样性。     

马尾松R2R3-MYB基因特征及进化和表达分析

MYB类转录因子在植物生长发育、代谢、应答生物胁迫和非生物胁迫的响应等生物过程发挥重要作用。为探究马尾松R2R3-MYB基因结构及功能,该研究以转录组数据为研究区域,从中筛选获得了17个马尾松R2R3-MYB基因,利用生物信息学对基因进行理化性质、系统进化树等分析,同时利用荧光定量PCR技术分析基因的组织特异性以及在花发育时期和非生物胁迫下的表达模式。结果表明：(1)17个PmMYBs亚细胞定位于细胞核,均无跨膜结构,且均含有Motif1、Motif2保守基序。系统发育进化树将马尾松PmMYBs划分为9个亚家族,且与火炬松、白云杉等裸子针叶植物关系较近。(2)17个基因均属于组成型表达,但在不同组织的表达量不同;所有基因均参与了花发育和非生物胁迫,不同基因在花发育不同时期的表达存在差异,有7个基因可能参与了雌雄性状转变;大部分基因响应非生物胁迫上调表达,但响应胁迫的时间存在差异;少数基因在胁迫中下调表达,尤其是PmMYB11基因在所有胁迫中均明显下调表达。该研究较系统地分析了马尾松R2R3-MYB基因的结构特征、系统进化及其在花发育时期和非生物胁迫下的表达模式,为深入探究马尾松R2R3...     

丹参转录因子SmMYB7的克隆及表达模式分析

分析丹参转录组数据库(SRX021907),得到一条R2R3-MYB基因,blast比对发现该基因为丹参Sm MYB7(KF059361.1)。分别从g DNA和c DNA水平克隆该基因全长,测序结果表明该基因与公布序列一致,分析发现该基因无内含子序列,包含一个长为954 bp的开放读码框(ORF),编码317个氨基酸残基。多重序列比对和系统进化树分析显示Sm MYB7蛋白与拟南芥At MYB73同属R2R3-MYB第22个亚家族。已有丹参基因信息结合BD walking获得1 974 bp的启动子序列,分析结果表明多种顺式作用元件存在于该基因的启动子区。实时荧光定量PCR分析显示,该基因的表达为组成型,在丹参根、茎、叶、花中都表达;随着花的发育,该基因的表达量逐渐增加;此外,Sm MYB7在盐胁迫、水杨酸、茉莉酸甲酯和脱落酸处理下表达均上调,推测该基因参与调控植物防御和花的发育。     

小麦非生物胁迫相关基因TaAIM的表达分析

MYB转录因子是一个在植物的应激反应中起着核心作用的蛋白质家族.为了进一步研究小麦非生物胁迫诱导转录因子的表达特性,利用同源克隆的方法从小麦中获得了 1个R2R3-MYB转录因子基因TaAIM,采用生物信息学方法对TaAIM的序列进行分析,采用半定量RT-PCR方法研究TaAIM在不同组织以及不同非生物逆境胁迫条件下的表达.序列分析表明,TaAIM的全长cDNA序列为1 509 bp,开放阅读框为960 bp,编码319个氨基酸,蛋白质预测分子量约为35.207 kD,等电点为4.8,预测其蛋白质二级结构包含12个α-螺旋.系统进化树分析表明,TaAIM与二穗短柄草中的1个R2R3-MYB转录因子有较高的相似性.序列多重比对表明,TaAIM与其同源蛋白序列的MYB结构域均高度保守.半定量RT-PCR分析表明,TaAIM在小麦各个组织中均表达,在根和叶中的表达量较为明显;在盐、PEG、ABA和低温处理后均能够诱导TaAIM表达.这些结果表明,TaAIM基因参与了小麦对非生物胁迫的响应,可为进一步研究TaAIM的生物学功能提供理论基础.     

彩色马铃薯花青素生物合成相关microRNAs及其靶基因表达分析北大核心CSCD

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是植物中具有调控功能的非编码小RNA,可调节植物生长发育、次生代谢及胁迫响应。为挖掘彩色马铃薯花青素合成相关的miRNAs,本研究基于miRNA和降解组测序数据,对筛选出和花青素相关的miRNA及靶基因进行鉴定,分析其理化性质、蛋白质结构、调控关系及在不同彩色马铃薯品种的表达。结果表明:stu-miR156a_R-1_StSPL9、stu-miR828_StMYB3、stu-miR858_StMYB4、stu-miR5021_StMYB在马铃薯块茎的不同发育时期存在显著的负相关关系。不同彩色马铃薯品种中,stu-miR828负调控靶基因StMYB3,抑制花青素合成;stu-miR156a_R-1负调控靶基因StSPL9,促进花青素合成。stu-miR858负调控靶基因StMYB4,在紫色马铃薯中促进花青素合成,在红色马铃薯中抑制花青素合成。stu-miR5021负调控靶基因StMYB,在紫色马铃薯中抑制花青素合成,在红色马铃薯中促进花青素合成。     

葡萄风信子MaMYB114基因克隆及功能研究

MYB转录因子在植物花青素生物合成过程中发挥主要调控作用。为探究MYB转录因子在葡萄风信子(Muscari spp.)蓝色花色形成中的作用，研究以葡萄风信子‘亚美尼亚’为试验材料，基于课题组前期转录组数据库深度挖掘，经本地Blast比对分析，采用RT-PCR方法克隆获得1个R2R3-MYB基因，命名为MaMYB114(GenBank登录号：OQ615377),对其进行生物信息学分析和异源转化烟草功能验证。结果表明，(1)MaMYB114开放阅读框全长为714 bp,编码237个氨基酸；MaMYB114蛋白含有R2R3保守结构域，属于R2R3-MYB家族AN2亚家族。(2)亚细胞定位及转录自激活结果显示基因定位于细胞核，且具有转录自激活活性，符合转录因子一般特征。(3)实时荧光定量分析显示MaMYB114基因主要在花中高表达，表达模式具有组织特异性。结合不同时期花青苷含量变化模式，发现MaMYB114在着色期花青素含量高的花蕾中高表达，表明MaMYB114可能参与了葡萄风信子花青苷合成过程。(4)过表达MaMYB114促进烟草花青苷积累，表明MaMYB114正向调控花青素合成。本研究表明...     

Effects of MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, AFILA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA genes on leafblade architecture in Pisum sativum

In order to dissect the genetic regulation of leafblade morphogenesis, 16 genotypes of pea, constructed by combining the wild-type and mutant alleles of MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes, were quantitatively phenotyped. The morphological features of the three domains of leafblades of four genotypes, unknown earlier, were described. All the genotypes were found to differ in leafblade morphology. It was evident that MFP and TL functions acted as repressor of pinna ramification, in the distal domain. These functions, with and without interaction with UNI, also repressed the ramification of proximal pinnae in the absence of AF function. The expression of MFP and TL required UNI function. AF function was found to control leafblade architecture multifariously. The earlier identified role of AF as a repressor of UNI in the proximal domain was confirmed. Negative control of AF on the UNI-dependent pinna ramification in the distal domain was revealed. It was found that AF establishes a boundary between proximal and distal domains and activates formation of leaflet pinnae in the proximal domain.     

头花杜鹃、陇蜀杜鹃及杜鹃属植物叶绿体基因组比较分析

头花杜鹃(Rhododendron capitatum)和陇蜀杜鹃(R. przewalskii)是极具观赏价值的野生花卉和药用植物。为探讨头花杜鹃和陇蜀杜鹃叶绿体基因组的遗传结构及进化特征,该研究利用 Illumina HiSeq 4000 平台对头花杜鹃和陇蜀杜鹃的叶绿体全基因组进行测序,经组装和注释后,结合 7 个已发表的杜鹃属植物叶绿体全基因组进行比较基因组学分析和系统发育分析。结果表明:(1)头花杜鹃和陇蜀杜鹃叶绿体全基因组呈典型的环状四分体结构,均由一个大单拷贝区(105 990、109 191 bp)、一个小单拷贝区(2 617、2 606 bp)和一对反向重复区(45 825、47 516 bp)构成,全长分别为200 257、206 829 bp。(2)头花杜鹃和陇蜀杜鹃叶绿体基因组中共鉴定出 263 个SSR位点,大部分 SSR 偏好使用 A/T 碱基,密码子偏好使用 A/U 结尾。(3)杜鹃属植物叶绿体全基因组中普遍存在基因丢失以及基因组重排等结构变异现象。该研究丰富了杜鹃属植物的基因组资源,为头花杜鹃、陇蜀杜鹃的资源开发、遗传进化、育种及系统发育相关研究提供了理论参考。     

Presence of Rhizobium Etli bv . Phaseoli and Rhizobium Gallicum bv . Gallicum in Egyptian Soils

Seven bean rhizobial strains EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29 identified as Rhizobium etli, and EBRI 32 identified as Rhizobium gallicum, isolated from Egyptian soils and which nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris efficiently, were subjected to hybridization with a nifH probe in order to estimate the copy number of this gene. Seven strains (EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29) which were only able to nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris, contained three copies of the nifH gene, consistent with their identification as Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli. Only one strain (EBRI 32) which nodulated both Phaseolus vulgaris and Leucaena leucocephala, had one copy of nifH gene. This confirmed the classification of this strain as Rhizobium gallicum bv. gallicum.     

Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactans-proteins (AGPs) and phenolics of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola seeds

Many Cola plant species are endemic to West and Central Africa. Cola acuminata and Cola nitida are used as masticatory when fresh, while the dried nuts are used for beverages and pharmaceutical purposes in Europe and North America. Garcinia kola seeds, that serve as a substitute for the true kola nuts, are used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including colic, headache and liver cirrhosis. Seeds extracts of G. kola are also known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. To gain information on the chemical properties of the kolas, we have isolated and analyzed cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactan-proteins and phenolic substances from the seeds of the three kola species. The sugar composition of cell wall material of C. acuminata, C. nitida and G. kola revealed that Gal (up to 30%), Ara, GalA and Glc as the predominant monosaccharides, representing approximately 90% by mol of the total hydrolysable sugar present in this material. In Ammonium oxalate cell wall fraction, GalA was found to be the major sugar present in all kola species. In the alkali-soluble fraction, there were significant differences in the level of Glc and Gal. The level of Glc was high in C. acuminata and C. nitida while the level of Gal and Xyl were high in C. nitida and G. cola. Isolation and quantification of arabinogalactan-proteins demonstrate that G. kola seeds contained four to eight times more of these proteoglycans than the seeds of the other two species. Finally, analysis of soluble phenolic substances shows that caffeine and catechin were largely represented in C. acumina and C. nitida seeds, with caffeine accounting for 50% of all soluble phenolics. These findings indicate that the three Kola seeds are highly enriched in pectins and proteoglycans and that C. acuminata and C. nitida can be used as a possible source of caffeine and catechin.     

Genome Analysis inNeurospora crassa;Cloning of Four Lociarginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) and Associated Chromosome Walking

We have cloned fourNeurospora crassagenes by complementation analysis. Cloned genes include thearginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) loci. Chromosome walks were initiated in ordered cosmid libraries from the cloned loci. A total of about 700 kb of theNeurosporagenome is covered in these walks.     

中国黑粉菌属和利罗黑粉菌属

黑粉菌属是Roussel 1806年建立的,全世界记载有三百余种,主要寄生于禾本科,是经济作物及牧草的重要致病菌·长期以来,对黑粉菌的邢子使用过各种名称,如厚垣孢子,冬孢子及黑粉孢子等.本文采用黑粉孢子以区别锈菌的冬孢子. 芳’(1979)在《中国真菌总汇》中列出黑粉菌属五十种及一个变型.作者经过显微结构和超显微结构的研究,承认其中二十九种为正确名称,八种及一变型为异名,顶黑粉菌(Ustilago acrearus Berk.)由于错拼而被废弃.埃地黑粉菌(Ustilago emodensis Berk.)被转移至利罗粉菌属(Liroa).另有十一种黑粉菌因缺少标本留待今后订正.自1979年以后,杨信东(1983)增加黑粉菌属二种我国新纪录,K.范基和郭林(1986)描述一新种,四种新纪录.在本文中,作者描述一新种:鸢尾蒜黑粉(Ustilago ixiolirii Guo L) ,孢子堆生在蒴果内,不开裂,黑色,粉末状.黑粉孢子球形,近球形,稀椭圆形, 12.5-21×10-21μm,黑褐色,壁厚1-1.Sμm,纹饰脑状.是迄今生在石蒜科植物上唯一黑粉菌的种,其它几种黑粉菌均属条黑粉菌属.本文增加七种我国新纪录.共计四十九种,寄生于六科四十四属植物,主要是禾本科和蓼科.这仅是黑粉菌属研究的初步报告,在全国范围内大量采集黑粉菌标本后,作者相信会有更多新种和我国新纪录被发现.利罗黑粉菌属(Liroa)是从黑粉菌属(Ustaligo)分出的,此属为单种属.     

Nomenclatural changes resulting from the transfer of tropical African Sarcostemma to Cynanchum ( Apocynaceae : Asclepiadoideae )

Summary  Four species of tropical African Sarcostemma are transferred to Cynanchum together with two subspecies of S. viminale. In addition, Sarcostemma mulanjense is reduced to subspecific rank under C. viminale.     

The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited

Results of molecular studies regarding the phylogenetic placement of the order Ostropales and related taxa within Lecanoromycetes were thus far inconclusive. Some analyses placed the order as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, while others inferred a position nested within Lecanoromycetes. We assembled a data set of 101 species including sequences from nuLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and the nuclear protein-coding RPB1 for each species to examine the cause of incongruencies in previously published phylogenies. MP, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses were performed using the combined three-region data set and the single-gene data sets. The position of Ostropales nested in Lecanoromycetes is confirmed in all single-gene and concatenated analyses, and a placement as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes is significantly rejected using two independent methods of alternative topology testing. Acarosporales and related taxa (Acarosporaceae group) are basal in Lecanoromycetes. However, if the these basal taxa are excluded from the analyses, Ostropales appear to be sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, suggesting different ingroup rooting as the cause for deviating topologies in previously published phylogenies.