吲跥乙酸及椰子乳汁对向日葵离体胚生长的影响

五、摘要根据向日葵胚(约5毫米长)的离体培养试验,我们得出下列结论: 1.IAA(0.05—20ppm)对于生长有促进作用,表现在鮮重的显著增加。IAA有引起胚愈伤组织形成的作用,1ppm IAA约有1/4的胚长愈伤组织,5ppm的约2/3,10ppm以上的100％胚长愈伤组织。IAA在低浓度时(0.05—0.1ppm)对根的形成与生长有促进作用,在高浓度时(10—20ppm)对根的形成与生长有明显抑制作用。 2.椰子乳汁(经高压消毒)对苗的生长有显著促进作用,对于根的生长有抑制作用,这种现象在培养前两周差别特别明显,在后期差别逐渐缩小。高浓度的椰子乳汁(20％以上)也可以引起愈伤组织的形成,但不如IAA有效。 3.当IAA和椰子乳汁混合处理时,对于生长的影响及愈伤组织的形成表现得更为明显。而椰子汁与IAA的作用有某些类似之处,但不能表明椰子乳汁中起作用的物质只是一种IAA。     

银杏再生根和不定根的形成及其中银杏内酯的产生

附加０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ的ＤＣＲ２基较适合愈伤组织再生根的形成,子叶上能直接诱发不定根,根培养物的生长速度远比愈伤组织慢,但共合成银杏内酯的能力却较愈伤组织强。     

条叶龙胆根培养物中龙胆苦苷的产生和含量

条对龙胆愈伤组织中龙胆苦苷含量较低,根的分化可以提高龙胆苦苷的含量。培养的离休根中龙胆苦苷的含量则更高。随着继代次数的增加,愈伤组织中龙胆苦苷含量下降快,而分化根的愈伤组织和离体培养根中龙胆苦苷含量下降较慢。在愈伤组织的液体培养中,1/2MS培养基附加低浓度的植物激素,龙胆苦苷含量有所提高。植物激素配比促进愈伤组织中分化根的形成,也促进龙胆苦苷的产生;但促进愈伤组织的生长时,不利于龙胆苦苷产生。在离体根培养中,添加 1mg/L的金雀花碱,促进龙胆苦苷的产生,含量可达1.48％,明显高于愈伤组织(0.52％)和分化根的愈伤组织(0.65％),也高于试管苗根的龙胆苦苷含量(1.01％)。     

软紫草愈伤组织的初步培养

外植体来源不同的软紫草愈伤组织产生紫草色素的能力各异。６０Ｃｏ－ｒ射线辐照处理后的Ｈ２无性系愈伤组织生长量和色素产生均属上乘。改良ＭＳ基本培养基添加１毫克／升ＫＴ,０．５毫克／升ＩＡＡ,５％（Ｗ／Ｖ）蔗糖对愈伤组织培养较为适宜。马铃薯提取液对愈伤组织生长有明显的促进作用。     

八角莲组织培养的器官发生途径研究

为探究小檗科植物八角莲组织培养的器官发生方式,该研究以八角莲离体叶片、叶柄在MS培养基上诱导产生的愈伤组织、不定芽、不定根为对象,用连续石蜡切片技术分析八角莲组织培养的器官发生途径。结果表明:八角莲愈伤组织形成的解剖学特征是靠近表皮的薄壁细胞经激素刺激恢复分裂能力,继续培养形成拟分生组织。拟分生组织可形成许多分化中心。通过对八角莲组织培养产生的不定芽细胞组织学观察发现芽原基起源于愈伤组织外侧的几层薄壁细胞,芽原基背离愈伤组织中央生长形成不定芽,故八角莲脱分化形成的芽起源方式为外起源。而八角莲的根原基起源于组织深处髓部薄壁细胞和部分维管形成层细胞,进而形成类似球形或楔形并朝韧皮部突起的根原基轮廓,根原基继续发育会突破表皮生成不定根,起源方式为内起源。八角莲离体再生途径为器官发生型,在组培苗生长过程中先诱导形成不定芽,再诱导形成不定根,在愈伤组织上形成维管组织将不定芽和不定根连接成完整植株。     

印楝愈伤组织开矿及其印楝素含量测定

取印楝不同器官作外植体,研究培养基和继代次数对愈伤组织生长及其印楝素生物合成的影响。印楝的不同器官（根、叶、茎及皮）均能诱导出愈伤组织,这些愈伤组织均有合成印楝素的能力。其中以叶诱导的愈伤组织生长速率及印楝素含量为最高。含有较低铵盐的Ｂ５培养基有利于细胞生长,含有较高铵盐的ＭＳ培养基有利于印楝素积累,不含铵盐的Ｗｈｉｔｅ培养基对两者均不利。愈伤组织继代２－３代,有利于愈伤组织生长和印楝素合成。     

胡萝卜愈伤组织伸展蛋白纯化及某些生化特性的研究

本文报道了胡萝卜愈伤组织伸展蛋白的柱色谱纯化,电泳性质,氨基酸组成及其电镜观察结果。用CM-cellulose柱色谱纯化胡萝卜愈伤组织伸展蛋白时,仅发现有一个组分;它的电泳性质与胡萝卜根产生的第一种类型伸展蛋白相同;它的羟脯氨酸/絲氨酸克分子数比例大约为4/1(羟脯氨酸,42.1mol％;丝氨酸,12.8mol％);此外,在电子显微镜下观察,伸展蛋白具有典型棒状分子结构。     

蔗糖与激素对小麦幼穗体细胞无性系形成及生长特性的影响研究

通过在诱导培养基中添加不同浓度的蔗糖和激素,研究了蔗糖与激素对小麦幼穗体细胞无性系形成及生长特性的影响。结果表明;较高浓度的2,4-D有利于小麦幼穗愈伤组织的形成与生长,但低浓度的2,4-D更有利于胚性愈伤组织的形成,低浓度的KT能显著促进小麦幼穗愈伤组织的生长和胚性愈伤组织的形成,而高浓度的KT不利于小麦幼穗体细胞无性系的形成和生长;蔗糖有利于小麦幼穗胚性愈伤组织的形成,在2.5%-5.5%浓度范围内,随蔗糖浓度的提高,胚性愈伤组织的形成率也随之提高。     

朱砂根愈伤组织诱导及其岩白菜素含量的测定

取朱砂根(Ardisia crenota Sims．)幼苗不同部位作外植体,研究不同激素组合对愈伤组织诱导的影响,利用薄层层析(TLC)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测愈伤组织中岩白菜素含量。实验结果表明朱砂根幼苗的不同部位(胚根、下胚轴、茎及叶)均能诱导出愈伤组织,最高诱导率都在45％以上,以MS基本培养基添加2,4—D0．5mg L^-1和KT0．01mg L^-1时愈伤组织的诱导和生长最好。这些愈伤组织均有合成岩白菜素的能力,其中以胚根诱导的愈伤组织中岩白菜素含量最高,为干重的0．076％,相当于原植物根中含量的1／9。高效液相色谱定量测定法精密度高,专一性好,能准确检测朱砂根愈伤组织中岩白菜素的含量。     

不同理化因子对雪莲培养细胞中黄酮类形成的影响

研究了不同理化因子对水母雪莲(Saussurea medusa Maxim)愈伤组织生长及黄酮类化合物生物合成的影响。结果表明,有利于细胞生长及黄酮形成的合适温度为25℃。白光对愈伤组织生长无促进作用,但有利于黄酮的形成。培养基中添加1mg／L NAA和O．2mg／L的KT组合对细胞的生长较有促进作用。5％蔗糖和1％葡萄糖的组合有利于细胞的生长和黄酮的形成。用⁶⁰C0-γ射线辐照愈伤组织,在剂量为4000Gy的条件下,获得一个合成黄酮能力高于原愈伤组织70％的细胞系。用高效液相和紫外分光光度法,测定离体培养光照条件下干细胞总黄酮的含量为3．2％,是暗培养的4．4倍。培养温度25℃时干细胞黄酮的含量为2．02％,分别为20℃,35℃时的5倍和3．2倍。     

LPS诱导乳鼠心肌细胞p38蛋白激酶的激活与转位

探讨p38蛋白激酶信号传导通路在细胞中的特异性作用机制。应用共聚焦激光扫描技术观察心肌细胞中p38蛋白激酶的分布及LPS对其分布的影响。结果提示未受刺激静止的及EGF刺激的心肌细胞中,p38在胞浆和胞核中荧光强度呈散性分布。LPS刺激30分钟后,细胞核区的荧光强度明显增强,而胞浆区域的荧光强度降低,心肌细胞受LPS刺激激活后,其p38蛋白激酶由胞浆转位到胞核。     

夜蛾复眼转化速度与光暗适应的时间关系

夜行蛾类的复眼,随光、暗适应时间而逐步转化,这种转化是可逆的.以屏蔽色素分布范围的大小为指标来判断复眼的转化速度得以下结果:1.从亮眼到暗眼:亮眼进入暗适应后其屏蔽色素随暗适应时间的增加而逐步向远心端方向集中.屏蔽色素的移动是减速进行的.暗适应开始后的前3分钟,每分钟移动百分率为10.7,当暗到10—15分钟时每分钟移动百分率为4.6,再暗到60—150分钟时每分钟移动百分率为0.7.屏蔽色素移动的速度个体间差异较大,完成全过程大多数个体需150分钟,少数个体只需60分钟,另有个别个体经过270分钟暗适应仍尚未完成全过程.2.从暗眼到亮眼:暗眼受光后,其屏蔽色素随光适应时间的增加而向近心端方向扩散,色素移动速度随时间的增加而减缓.转化全过程约需60分钟.     

THE INCORPORATION AND FATE OF H3-TYROSINE IN THE HAIR CORTEX OF RATS OBSERVED BY RADIOAUTOGRAPHY

The incorporation of H³-tyrosine into the protein of the cells in the cortex of rat hair has been investigated by radioautography. In growing hairs, radioactivity is found in the matrix, the upper bulb, and the whole of the keratogenous zone up to the fully keratinized part of the shaft, 10 and 30 minutes after an injection of labelled tyrosine. This is unequivocal evidence of protein synthesis at these sites. There is a very precise relationship between the end of protein synthesis and the hardening of the cortical cells at the top of the keratogenous zone. The way in which the silver grains of the radioautographs are clustered indicates that at 30 minutes after the injection the isotope is distributed more evenly in the matrix and upper bulb than in the top of the keratogenous zone. Possibly this reflects a difference, at these sites, in the cell components engaged in protein synthesis, or in the proteins being synthesized. The fully keratinized and hardened part of the hair was not radioactive at 10 and 30 minutes after the injection of H³-tyrosine. The rate at which the radioactivity moves into this region shows that the hair of rats grows 0.9 mm/24 hours. Comparison of the degree of radioactivity along the growing hair in the 30-minute, 12-hour, and 36-hour materials shows conclusively that protein accumulates in the cortical cells during their keratinization. An injection of a labelled amino acid does not behave as an ideal pulse dose; consequently, the grain density over the hair cortex at 36 hours is 100 per cent larger than would be expected if an ideal pulse dose situation existed.     

激光生物效应的生化分析与机理研究──激光对大豆作用的生化分析与作用机理的初步探讨

比较分析研究红宝石、Ｎ＿２、ＣＯ＿２激光对大（青）豆单独或复合辐照的作用,观察到激光软应对生物大分子的含量和生物活住的影响因激光种类和剂量不同而异,特别是不同激光效应对大（青）豆系列种子蛋白中的组份氢基酸含量的影响各具类型。尤以Ｇｌｕ,Ｍｅｔ含量变化显著而特异。     

THE DARK ADAPTATION OF THE EYE OF THE HONEY BEE

Bees which are held in a fixed position so that only head movements can be made, respond to a moving stripe system in their visual field by a characteristic motion of the antennae. This reflex can be used to measure the bee''s state of photic adaptation. A curve describing the course of dark adaptation is obtained, which shows that the sensitivity of the light adapted bee''s eye increases rapidly during the first few minutes in darkness, then more slowly until it reaches a maximum level after 25 to 30 minutes. The total increase in sensitivity is about 1000 fold. The adaptive range of the human eye is about 10 times greater than for the bee''s eye. The range covered by the bee''s eye corresponds closely to the adapting range which is covered by the rods of the human eye.     

THE PROBING AND FEEDING PROCESS OF THE GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY, TRIALEURODES VAPORARIORUM WESTWOOD

Abstract  The preference of greenhouse whiteflies varies with different species of host plants and leaves of different age. They prefer young leaves of tobacco, cucumber, broadbean and cowpea significantly more than the young leaves of paprika and old leaves of broadbean and cowpea. Behavioural studies indicated that the leaf-time and total probing time were significantly longer on preferred leaves than on non-preferred leaves. On non-preferred leaves, probing may continue about 2 minutes but not longer than 5 minutes. On preferred leaves, there were both frequent probing for short intervals and probing (+feeding) which continued for 10 minutes or more. Morphological studies indicated that, in general, it needed 10 to 15 minutes for the stylet to reach the phloem and feed. The probing process takes no more than 10 to 15 minutes. Probing can be divided into test probing which takes less than 2 minutes to reach depths of 20 to 50 pm, and exploratory probing which surpasses 5 minutes. Test probing is the key process for determining host plant selection, and the chemical composition of the leaf surface wax may play an important role.     

THE ANTIPROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF SERUM : III. PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE. THE INFLUENCE OF TRYPSIN AND OF ANTIPROTEASE ON BACTERIAL GROWTH AND SULFONAMIDE ACTION

1. Heating diluted serum at 80° C. for 10 minutes made it a better medium for bacterial growth. This is believed to have been at least partly due to destruction of the serum antiprotease. 2. Growth was accelerated, and proceeded further, in the presence of trypsin. 3. Growth was somewhat retarded in the presence of pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. 4. The bacteriostatic action of sulfathiazole in serum was reduced by heating the serum at 80° C., and much more markedly (in any of the media studied) by adding trypsin. It was greater in serum and albumen than in peptone and meat infusion. 5. The significance of the experimental results was considered in relation to the possible influence of leucoprotease and of serum antiprotease on bacterial growth and sulfonamide action.     

激发子诱发小麦叶肉细胞原生质体微管骨架排列格局与[Ca2+]cyt的变化

以小麦叶肉细胞原生质体-激发子互作为研究体系,通过免疫荧光标记和Ca~(2 )荧光染料的装载并结合药理学试验,借助激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察,探讨小麦抵抗叶锈菌侵染过程中微管骨架和Ca~(2 )之间的内在联系。试验结果表明,激发子处理可引起抗性品种原生质体[Ca~(2 )]_(cyt)的升高并诱发微管骨架的解聚,预解聚微管骨架,再用激发子处理,可使抗性品种原生质体[Ca~(2 )]_(cyt)的升高幅度增加。     

不同处理对海甘蓝种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响

由于受种子生理休眠作用的影响和硬而厚的种皮所产生的抑制作用,使海甘蓝（ＣｒａｍｂｅｍａｒｉｔｉｍａＬ．）种子发芽慢,发芽率低。为探索加快海甘蓝种子发芽和提高种子发芽率的有效方法,我们先后进行了８种不同的种子预处理试验和６种不同次氯酸钠溶液浸种的发芽试验。结果发现：（１）种子剥皮处理可以很大程度地促进发芽和提高发芽率;（２）用浓度为０．０５％的赤霉酸溶液浸种１８ｈ对海甘蓝种子发芽也有很好的促进作用;（３）用０．２０％的代森锰锌４５Ｍ（Ｄｉｉｔｈａｎｅ４５Ｍ）溶液浸种２０ｍｉｎ的消毒处理对海甘蓝种子发芽产生一定程度的抑制作用,但可减少海甘蓝幼苗死亡率;（４）适宜浓度的次氯酸钠漂白水（法文名１＇ＥａｕｄｅＪａｖｅｌ）的溶液（１０％）浸种５ｍｉｎ对促进海甘蓝种子发芽和减少幼苗死亡均有良好效果;浓度低于１０％时．不足以腐蚀种子硬而厚的种皮而促进种子发芽,也不足以杀死种子携带的病菌而减少幼苗死亡率;浓度大于１０％时,对种子的胚和种子内的酶活性产生不良影响,从而抑制种子发芽和影响幼苗的正常生长。     

光钳操纵生物活体的动态监测技术的研究

采用摄像、录像和视屏监控系统及显色偏振装置与光钳系统耦合,从空间分辨、色分辨和时间分辨多方面改善系统品质,实现了光钳捕获与操纵生物活体的动态监测、实时记录、资料保存和屏幕再现的功能,并能测量光钳操纵细胞的位移量和由此计算操纵速度,提高了光钳的自我调整和光钳操纵细胞的精细度。本研究为激光光钳技术在细胞工程等方面的应用研究提供了行之有效的技术手段。