腹腔镜胆总管探查术在内镜取石失败后的临床应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查术治疗内镜取石失败的胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院2005年-2013年实施腹腔镜胆总管探查术(LCBDE)的患者共89例,分为两组,其中A组为患者在内镜取石失败后再行LCBDE术(n=47),B组为诊断胆总管结石后立即行LCBDE术(n=42),比较两组之间手术时间、中转开腹率、结石残留率、术后并发症率(包括胆瘘、胰腺炎以及其他)、住院时间、结石复发率。结果:A组和B组相比在手术时间、中转开腹率、结石残留率、术后并发症率、住院时间、结石复发率上并没有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:针对内镜取石失败的胆总管结石患者,腹腔镜胆总管探查术是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

胆总管结石取石术后复发的临床特征及其危险因素分析

目的:探讨胆总管结石取石术后复发的临床特征并分析其危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2005年1月~2016年7月在我院手术的胆总管结石患者730例的病例资料,其中接受开腹胆道探查取石术550例定义为开腹组,腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术(LCBDE)30例定义为LCBDE组,经内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石术(EST)150例定义为EST组,对比三组复发率;按照有无复发分为复发组(n=227)和未复发组(n=503),采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析复发患者的临床特征和危险因素。结果:EST组复发率为38.67%,显著高于LCBDE组的26.67%和开腹组的29.27%(P0.05);单因素分析结果为患者在年龄、HBV感染史、黄疸、总胆红素异常、乳头旁憩室、胆道感染、胆道狭窄、乳头狭窄、Oddis括约肌功能障碍、胆道手术史、胆囊切除、胆总管直径≥15 mm、胆管角≤120°、手术类型、结石数量≥2粒、结石直径≥10 mm、有无胆囊结石具有统计学差异(P0.05);Logistic多因素回归分析结果为患者的年龄、有乳头旁憩室、有胆道手术史、胆总管直径≥15 mm、结石数量≥2粒、手术类型为EST均是胆总管结石取石术后复发的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:胆总管结石取石术后复发的危险因素较多,临床应当根据患者的结石大小、数量及患者体质等综合考虑手术方式,并加强预防措施,力求控制胆总管结石取石术后的复发。     

腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗胆囊及胆总管结石的应用价值.方法:90例胆囊结石合并胆管结石患者按手术方式随机分为腹腔镜胆道探查术组(简称:腹腔镜组)和常规开腹胆道探查T管引流术组(简称:常规开腹组).观察两组手术切口大小、并发症、胃肠道功能恢复时间和平均住院时间等指标.结果:腹腔镜组术后并发症发生率为2.2%,显著低于常规开腹组(15.9%)(P<0.05);腹腔镜组手术切口显著小于常规开腹组(P<0.05);腹腔镜组术后胃肠道功能恢复时间和平均住院时间与对照组比较显著缩短,相比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:应用腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石是一种安全、有效、可行的微创手术方式.     

LC+LCBDE+PS治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的效果分析

本研究主要是探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)联合胆总管探查(LCBDE)联合一期缝合(PS)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床效果。选取我院(2014年1月至2016年1月)手术治疗的85例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者进行回顾性分析,根据手术方法分为A组41例(LC+LCBDE+PS治疗)、B组44例采用内镜逆行性胆管造影/内镜下括约肌切开取石术(ERCP/EST)联合LC治疗,对比两组患者的手术效果。A组和B组患者的手术时间差异无统计学意义(P <0. 05); A组患者的出血量、住院时间、手术费用均低于B组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P <0. 05);术后1天,两组患者的血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP、ALT、AST、TBIL较本组术前均显著的提高(P <0. 05);术后3天,两组患者的血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP较本组术前显著的提高(P <0. 05);手术后,A组患者手术并发症率12. 20%(5/41)与B组的22. 73%(10/44)比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结果表明,LC+LCBDE+PS治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石效果与ERCP/EST联合LC效果相当,但是具有术后恢复较快、费用更低的特点。     

多镜联合治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊结石的技术优势

目的探讨十二指肠镜、胆道镜、腹腔镜等多镜联合治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊结石的技术优势。方法采用腹腔镜胆总管探查术+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LCBDE+LC)和内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影术+内窥镜下括约肌切开取石术+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(ERCP+EST+LC)两种术式治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊结石患者。结果有两组病例,其中LCBDE+LC组36例,本组术后胆道残余结石2例,后经T管窦道行胆道镜取石治愈。ERCP+EST+LC组54例,本组术后并发一过性高淀粉酶血症3例,发生急性轻型胰腺炎2例。结论多镜联合治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊结石具有创伤小、效果好、并发症少、恢复快的优点,多镜联合发挥出其独特技术优势,避免了因接受传统开腹手术而造成较大创伤的不合理治疗模式。     

老年胆石症的手术治疗疗效分析

目的:探讨老年人胆石症的临床表现,以及手术适应证、手术方法和手术时机的选择,分析老年胆石症的临床特征,总结外科治疗的经验.方法:采用回顾性分析的方法对我院2002-2012年357例65岁以上的老年胆石症患者的病历资料进行统计,经腹腔镜下胆囊切除术134例(A组),经腹胆囊切除术172例(B组),根据是否行胆总管探查分为术中未行胆总管探查58例(B1组),术中行胆总管探查114例(B2组),经腹胆囊切除术+胆总管探查术51例(C组).针对其临床表现、手术方式、手术时机以及疗效进行统计分析.结果:老年胆石症患者症状往往不典型,多以腹痛为主,但疼痛不剧烈,诊断需要影像学检查的辅助.C组手术时间较长,与A组、B1组相比具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).C组术后住院时间相较A、B1、B2组显著延长,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).B1组术后并发症的发生率显著高于A、B2组(P＜0.05),C组术后并发症的发生率高于A、B2组,有统计学意义(P＜0.05).C组术后复发率明显低于A、B1组,有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:老年胆石症诊断需要影像学检查支持,应积极进行围手术期处理,对于不同的人群选择合适的手术方式,外科手术治疗可使高龄胆石症患者获得满意疗效.     

腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法:收集我院肝胆科2012年6月到2014年3月住院的胆结石合并胆总管结石60例,按照随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,各30例,试验组给予腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗,对照组给予传统的开腹胆囊切除以及胆总管探查取石,观察对比两组的临床疗效。结果:试验组手术时间、住院时间、术后恢复时间及术中出血量明显的短于或少于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05),试验组治愈率为96.7%明显的高于对照组的66.7%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组主要不良反应有:结石残留、感染、十二指肠穿孔、恶性呕吐及伤口疼痛等,试验组不良反应发生率为16.67%明显的低于对照组总的73.33%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆结石合并胆总管结石较传统的开腹手术治疗的效果好、恢复时间短、手术创伤小,且具有一定的安全性,不良反应发生少,值得临床推广使用。     

腹腔镜和开腹手术在卵巢癌二次探查术中的应用效果比较

目的:比较腹腔镜和开腹手术在卵巢癌二次探查术中的应用效果和安全性。方法:选择2012年1月至2015年10月于我院就诊的卵巢癌患者58例,根据二次探查术的方式分成两组,腹腔镜组(28例)和开腹手术组(30例),观察比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、肛门首次排气时间、并发症发生率及二次探查的阳性率。对两组患者进行随访,比较两组患者二探术后的复发率及生存时间。结果:腹腔镜组肛门首次排气时间明显短于开腹组患者,术中出血量也均明显少于开腹组患者,具有非常显著性差异(P0.05),而两组的手术时间、并发症发生率和二探阳性率相近,两组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。二次探查术阳性和二次探查术阴性的患者中,腹腔镜组和开腹组的中位生存时间比较,差异无显著性(P0.05)。二次探查术阴性的患者中,腹腔镜组和开腹组患者随访期间的复发率比较,差异也无显著性(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜二次探查术具有创伤小、并发症少、患者恢复快、患者易于接受等微创优势,且能取得与开腹二次探查术相当的安全性和准确性,可以作为卵巢癌二次探查术的手段之一。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜微创手术与开腹手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管 结石的疗效比较

目的:比较分析腹腔镜联合胆道镜微创手术与开腹手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效。方法:将2009年10月-2011年5月因胆囊结石合并胆总管结石行手术治疗的100例患者,分为微创手术组和开腹手术组,分析比较微创手术组与开腹手术组之间患者的手术时间、术后通气所需时间与镇痛药使用情况、住院时间与完全康复时间。结果:与开腹组相比:微创组患者的手术时间之间无明显差异;但微创组术后通气时间。住院时间与完全康复时间、镇痛药的使用率均明显短于或低于开腹组(P<0.05)。结论:对合适的患者,腹腔镜联合胆道镜微创手术入路治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石能够获得良好的效果,值得借鉴。     

腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与开腹手术对子宫肌瘤患者内分泌状态、免疫功能和预后的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与开腹手术对子宫肌瘤患者内分泌状态、免疫功能和预后的影响。方法:选取2014年1月～2019年1月期间我院收治的子宫肌瘤患者90例,根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组(n=44)和B组(n=46),A组予以开腹手术,B组予以腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术,比较两组患者临床指标、内分泌状态、免疫功能、并发症及预后。结果:两组手术时间对比未见统计学差异(P0.05);B组术中出血量少于A组,住院时间、术后肛门排气恢复时间短于A组(P0.05)。两组术后1个月卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体生成激素(LH)均较术前升高,雌二醇(E2)较术前降低(P0.05);B组术后1个月FSH、LH低于A组,E2则高于A组(P0.05)。两组术后1 d CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均较术前降低,但B组高于A组(P0.05);CD8~+较术前升高,但B组低于A组(P0.05)。B组的并发症发生率低于A组(P0.05)。两组子宫形态正常率、复发率、月经转归正常率对比无差异(P0.05)。结论:与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术可明显减轻对子宫肌瘤患者机体内分泌状态、免疫功能的损害,促进患者术后恢复,减少并发症发生情况,同时还可获得与开腹手术相当的近期预后。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细