PCI术后是否抗凝治疗的临床疗效比较

目的：研究PCI术后是否应用依诺肝素抗凝治疗对患者临床疗效的影响。方法：于2011年5月至2012年1月间,连续入选在我院行冠状动脉造影并置入了支架的患者158例,将符合标准的患者随机分为非抗凝组或抗凝组两组各79名。非抗凝组术后常规应用阿司匹林和氯吡格雷。抗凝组术后加用依诺肝素。对入选患者进行院内随访记录其主要心脏不良事件及出血事件。结果：支架植入成功率100%。术后抗凝组113处病变共置入支架135枚;非抗凝组109处病变置入支架115枚。院内随访：主要心脏不良事件和严重出血差异无统计学意义。小出血事件抗凝组多于非抗凝组（P=0.007）。结论：冠状动脉支架置入术后非抗凝治疗组缺血不良事件发生率较抗凝组无明显增加,小出血并发症明显减少。该研究结果表明,对PCI术无特殊并发症的患者术后无需常规抗凝治疗。     

血小板生成素与白介素-11治疗胃癌术后辅助化疗后血小板减少症时效及安全性的比较

目的:比较血小板生成素与白介素-11治疗胃癌患者术后化疗血小板减少症的时效和安全性。方法:术后辅助化疗出现血小板计数低于75×109/L的进展期胃癌患者68例,将其分为TPO组与IL-11组,分别为35例和33例。分别皮下注射rhTPO 15000U,每日1次;rhIL-11 1.5 mg,每日1次,当血小板计数125×109/L或比用药前上升50×109/L,即停止给药,疗程最长为14天。每3天抽取外周静脉血2 m L,通过全自动血液分析仪测定血小板计数,密切观察出现的不良反应并记录。比较两组患者不同临床病理资料、血小板计数、血小板计数升至75×109/L和125×109/L的时程、药物不良反应。结果:两组患者年龄、性别、化疗方案、血小板最低值出现的化疗周期及临床病理分期的比较均没有统计学差异(P值均0.05)。TPO组与IL-11组血小板动态值的比较,第9天出现显著差异(P=0.032)。TPO组与IL-11组血小板计数恢复至75×109/L和125×109/L所需的时间,有显著差异(P=0.041,P=0.013)。TPO组中,有3例(8.6%)患者发生不良反应,IL-11组中,有13例(39.4%)患者发生不良反应,TPO组患者出现的不良反应少且较轻微(P=0.006)。结论:rhTPO治疗胃癌患者术后化疗血小板减少症时效快,安全性好。     

HIT抗体检测对下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症患者的临床意义

目的:探讨HIT抗体在HIT中的诊断价值.方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测HIT抗体,进一步观测应用肝素的患者HIT抗体的产生情况,临床观察血管外科应用普通肝素治疗49名下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症(ASO)患者.采用自身对照,实验组为应用肝素治疗后的49名患者血清,对照组为应用肝素治疗前该49名患者血清,分别进行HIT抗体检测.结果:实验组中HIT抗体阳性例数为21例,对照组为3例.实验组与对照组差异有统计学意义.实验组中9例患者血小板下降(血小板下降范围23.3％～63.8％),其中8例HIT抗体阳性,1例抗体阴性.该9例患者后经功能性检查确诊为HIT患者.其中2例患者血小板下降早于HIT抗体的出现,其余6例患者血小板下降时间比HIT抗体出现时间晚.HIT发病率为18.37％.结论:HIT抗体检测的实验敏感性较高,且不涉及放射性,操作简单,快捷.与临床表现、血小板计数检测结合可对应用肝素的下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症患者进行初筛.     

脾动脉结扎联合肝癌切除术治疗肝癌并门静脉高压症临床研究

目的:探讨脾动脉结扎联合肝癌切除术对肝癌并门静脉高压症的治疗效果和临床应用的价值。方法:对2008年10月至2013年10月期间我院收治的84例肝癌并门静脉高压症患者的资料进行回顾性分析,其中脾动脉结扎联合肝癌切除手术的患者50例为研究组,患者34例行肝癌切除及脾切断流术为对照组。比较两组治疗效果及患者术前、术后情况。结果:研究组术前白细胞计数、血小板计数、红细胞计数为(3.1±0.9)×109/L、(58.6±12.7)×109/L、(3.4±0.4)×109/L,术后2周白细胞计数、血小板计数、红细胞计数分别为(5.9±1.5)×109/L、(140.3±50.1)×109/L、(3.6±0.7)×109/L;对照组为术前白细胞计数、血小板计数、红细胞计数为(2.8±1.2)×109/L、(45.8±20.5)×109/L、(3.4±0.4)×109/L,术后2周白细胞计数、血小板计数、红细胞计数为(6.2±0.7)×109/L、(172.5±32.7)×109/L、(3.6±0.3)×109/L。研究组与对照组相比,术后2周白细胞计数、红细胞计数相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但术后2周血小板计数研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组术前与术后的白细胞计数、血小板计数、红细胞计数相比,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组有17例患者出现术后并发症,占16.0%;对照组有20例患者出现术后并发症,占38.2%;两组对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:根据病情合理选择使用脾动脉结扎联合肝癌切除术治疗肝癌并门静脉高压症,可以有效治疗肝癌和脾功能亢进,促进肝功能恢复,对延长原发性肝癌合并肝硬化脾功能亢进患者的生存时间,提高生活质量,具有重要意义。     

不稳定型心绞痛患者血小板计数对低分子肝素抗凝有效性的影响

目的:通过检测抗Xa因子活性,探讨不稳定型心绞痛患者血小板计数(PLT)对低分子肝素抗凝有效性的影响。方法:入选不稳定型心绞痛患者63例,分为两组,A组(n=24):PLT≥240×109/L,B组(n=39):PLT240×109/L。首先比较两组患者之间一般情况有无差异,而后在两组患者皮下注射那曲肝素前及注射后8 h两个时间点分别进行抗Xa因子活性检测并记录结果,分析两组患者抗Xa因子活性水平并比较活性低于0.5 IU·mL-1患者所占比例。结果:两组患者之间一般情况无显著性差异,抗Xa因子活性治疗前后差异在两组中均有统计学意义,A组治疗后抗Xa因子活性均值低于B组,抗Xa因子0.5 IU·mL-1的患者比率高于B组,组间比较差异显著。结论:在低分子肝素抗凝治疗中,血小板计数≥240×109/L的患者抗Xa因子活性较低,提示不稳定型心绞痛患者在应用低分子肝素后的抗凝力度不足与血小板计数偏高相关。     

主动脉内球囊反搏对重症急性心肌梗死患者血小板的影响及相关因素分析

目的:探讨主动脉内球囊反搏(Intra-aortic balloon pump,IABP)对重症急性心肌梗死患者血小板的影响及其相关影响因素。方法:选择2015年6月至2017年5月南京市第一医院心血管内科59例在IABP辅助下行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(Percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)的重症急性心肌梗死患者及同期行单纯PCI治疗的58例患者为研究对象,比较其术前和术后不同时间点血小板的变化情况。进一步通过Logistic回归分析PCI+IABP治疗组患者血小板减少的影响因素。结果:术后第1天和第3天,IABP+PCI组血小板计数均显著低于单纯PCI组(P0.05),且血小板最低值出现在术后第3天。术后第7天,两组血小板均恢复至接近术前水平。Logistics回归分析表明患者年龄和IABP留置时间是IABP辅助PCI治疗患者血小板减少的危险因素。结论:重症急性心肌梗死患者接受IABP辅助下PCI治疗时血小板的显著减少,与患者年龄及IABP留置时间密切相关。     

阿加曲班与葛根素联合治疗糖尿病下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床研究

目的:研究阿加曲班与葛根素联合治疗糖尿病动脉硬化闭塞症的临床效果。方法:选择糖尿病动脉硬化闭塞症患者124例。随机分为观察组与对照组,各62例。观察组给予阿加曲班与葛根素联合治疗,对照组单用阿加曲班治疗。治疗前使用降糖和降压药物使血糖和血压保持稳定。观察治疗前后临床症状改善的情况,检测治疗前后足背动脉血流量及踝/肱动脉压比值。结果:单用阿加曲班组及联合葛根素组在改善糖尿病动脉硬化闭塞症的临床症状方面均有良好的效果,但联合葛根素组比单用阿加曲班组的治疗效果更佳(P<0.01)。在足背动脉血流量,踝/肱动脉压比值治疗前后各项指标的改善方面,联合葛根素组比单用阿加曲班组的治疗效果更佳,差异亦有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。两组治疗期间和治疗后均无明显不良反应,耐受性好。结论:糖尿病动脉硬化闭塞症患者经使用阿加曲班与葛根素联合治疗,效果良好,二者具有协同作用。     

PCI围术期消化道出血患者抗血小板治疗调整及近期疗效

目的:探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)围术期发生消化道出血(GIB)患者抗血小板治疗的调整,评价其安全性及近期疗效。方法:回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年12月PCI围术期发生GIB的40例患者的临床资料,其中急性心肌梗死(AMI)22例(55%),不稳定型心绞痛18例(45%)。PCI围术期发生GIB的患者,除扩容、输血、抑酸、保护胃粘膜等支持疗法外,依据临床情况调整抗血小板药物。观察住院期间及术后3个月后主要不良心脑事件(MACCE:包括心绞痛、非致死性心肌梗死、心性死亡、再次血管重建、支架内血栓形成、缺血性卒中)及消化道再次出血的发生率。结果:40例患者PCI成功39例(病例成功率97.5%),1例慢性完全闭塞(CTO)病变导丝未通过,1例(2.5%)AMI患者PCI术后第5天发生支架内亚急性血栓(SAT)。出院后3月内,2例未完全血运重建的患者有心绞痛发作,无死亡,所有患者均无消化道再次出血,MACCE发生率(7.5%)。结论:PCI围术期发生GIB的患者,依据临床情况调整抗血小板药物,不增加MACCE风险及消化道再次出血发生率。     

低分子肝素与普通肝素在介入手术中安全性与疗效的比较

肝素已经普遍用于冠状动脉介入术中,但是由于在应用过程中抗凝效果个体差异大、出血风险相对较高、并发症等问题的日益显现,已经引起了医生们的注意。相对而言,低分子肝素具有抗凝作用强、出血风险低、并发症发生率相对较低、无需实验室监测等优点,进而越来越广泛的在冠状动脉介入术中担当重要角色。普通肝素与低分子肝素在冠状动脉介入术中的有效性与安全性的比较是值得我们去探讨的,知道普通肝素与低分子肝素的优缺点后,可使我们在冠状动脉介入术中更好的选择抗凝药物,使手术的成功率大大提高,降低术后并发症的发生,减轻患者的痛苦。本文结合普通肝素与低分子肝素的药理作用及相关临床研究的结果,分析比较了普通肝素与低分子肝素在冠状动脉介入术中的有效性与安全性。     

不稳定型心绞痛患者血小板计数对低分子肝素抗凝有效性的影响

目的：通过检测抗Xa因子活性,探讨不稳定型心绞痛患者血小板计数（PLT）对低分子肝素抗凝有效性的影响。方法：入选不稳定型心绞痛患者63例,分为两组,A组（n=24）：PLT≥240×10^9／L,B组（n=39）：PLT〈240×10^9／L。首先比较两组患者之间一般情况有无差异,而后在两组患者皮下注射那曲肝素前及注射后8h两个时间点分别进行抗Xa因子活性检测并记录结果,分析两组患者抗Xa因子活性水平并比较活性低于0．5IU·mL^-1患者所占比例。结果：两组患者之间一般情况无显著性差异,抗Xa因子活性治疗前后差异在两组中均有统计学意义,A组治疗后抗Xa因子活性均值低于B组,抗Xa因子〈0．5IU·mL-1的患者比率高于B组,组间比较差异显著。结论：在低分子肝素抗凝治疗中,血小板计数≥240×10^9／L的惠者抗Xa因子活性较低,提示不稳定型心绞痛患者在应用低分子肝素后的抗凝力度不足与血小板计数偏高相关。     

半量瑞替普酶溶栓后行转运PCI与直接转运PCI对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死临床疗效的对比研究

目的:比较急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)使用半量瑞替普酶溶栓后行转运经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)与直接转运两种救治策略的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2015年6月～2018年2月我院收治的100例STEMI患者的病历资料,根据救治方案不同分为易化PCI组(先在基层医院经半量瑞替普酶溶栓后再转运至我院行PCI,58例)、直接转运PCI组(拒绝在基层医院接受溶栓治疗而要求直接转运PCI,42例)。比较两组PCI前后血管再通率、PCI后无复流发生率和ST段回落率(STR)、住院期间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)及治疗期间出血并发症的发生情况及随访1年主要终点事件的发生情况。结果:入院后首次冠脉造影显示易化PCI组PCI前TIMI 3级血流者占32.7%(19/59),显著高于直接转运PCI组[14.3%(6/42),P0.05]。PCI后14 d时,易化PCI组TIMI 3级血流者占93.1%(54/58),较直接转运PCI组[90.5%(38/42)]差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PCI后即刻冠脉造影显示易化PCI组无复流发生率为6.9%(4/58),较直接转运PCI组[21.4%(9/42)]显著降低(P0.05)。PCI后24 h时,易化PCI组STR值为(61.53±11.27)%,显著高于直接转运PCI组[(52.40±12.63)%,P0.05]。住院期间,易化PCI组MACE发生率为10.3%(6/58),较直接转运PCI组[14.3%(6/42)]差异无统计意义(P0.05)。治疗期间,易化PCI组出血并发症总发生率为19.0%(11/58),与直接转运PCI组的14.3%(6/42)相比差异亦无统计学意义(P0.05)。随访1年,易化PCI组主要终点事件发生率为19.0%(11/58),显著低于直接转运PCI组[40.5%(17/42),P0.05]。结论:与直接转运PCI相比,STEMI患者应用半量瑞替普酶溶栓后行转运PCI有利于早期开通梗死血管,提高介入干预效果,PCI后获得优异的心肌灌注水平,从而改善远期预后,且安全性相当。     

Impact of Triple Therapy in Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background and Purpose

Selecting an ideal antithrombotic therapy for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can be challenging since they have a higher thromboembolic and bleeding risk than younger patients. The current study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of triple therapy (TT: oral anticoagulation plus dual antiplatelet therapy: aspirin plus clopidogrel) in patients ≥75 years of age with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

A prospective multicenter study was conducted from 2003 to 2012 at 6 Spanish teaching hospitals. A cohort study of consecutive patients with AF undergoing PCI and treated with TT or dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) was analyzed. All outcomes were evaluated at 1-year of follow-up.

Results

Five hundred and eighty-five patients, 289 (49%) of whom were ≥75 years of age (79.6±3.4 years; 33% women) were identified. TT was prescribed in 55.9% of patients at discharge who had a higher thromboembolic risk (CHA₂DS₂VASc score: 4.23±1.51 vs 3.76±1.40, p = 0.007 and a higher bleeding risk (HAS-BLED ≥3: 88.6% vs 79.2%, p = 0.02) than those on DAPT. Therefore, patients on TT had a lower rate of thromboembolism than those on DAPT (0.6% vs 6.9%, p = 0.004; HR 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01–0.70, p = 0.004). Major bleeding events occurred more frequently in patients on TT than in those on DAPT (11.7% vs 2.4%, p = 0.002; HR 5.2, 95% CI: 1.53–17.57, p = 0.008). The overall mortality rate was similar in both treatment groups (11.9% vs 13.9%, p = 0.38); however, after adjustment for confounding variables, TT was associated with a reduced mortality rate (HR 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12–0.86, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

In elderly patients with AF undergoing PCI, the use of TT compared to DAPT was associated with reduced thromboembolism and mortality rates, although a higher rate of major bleeding.     

A comparison of aspirin and anticoagulation following thrombolysis for myocardial infarction (the AFTER study): a multicentre unblinded randomised clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare aspirin with anticoagulation with regard to risk of cardiac death and reinfarction in patients who received anistreplase thrombolysis for myocardial infarction. DESIGN: A multicentre unblinded randomised clinical trial. SETTING: 38 hospitals in six countries. SUBJECTS: 1036 patients who had been treated with anistreplase for myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to either aspirin (150 mg daily) or anticoagulation (intravenous heparin followed by warfarin or other oral anticoagulant). The trial was stopped earlier than originally intended because of the slowing rate of recruitment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Cardiac death or recurrent myocardial infarction at 30 days. RESULTS: After 30 days cardiac death or reinfarction, occurred in 11.0% (57/517) of the patients treated with anticoagulation and 11.2% (58/519) of the patients treated with aspirin (odds ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.69 to 1.50, P = 0.92). Corresponding findings at three months were 13.2% (68/517) and 12.1% (63/519) (0.91, 0.63 to 1.32, P = 0.67). Patients receiving anticoagulation were more likely than patients receiving aspirin to have had severe bleeding or a stroke by three months (3.9% v 1.7% (0.44, 0.20 to 0.97, P = 0.04)). CONCLUSION: No evidence of a difference in the incidence of cardiac events was found between the two treatment groups, though the trial is too small to claim treatment equivalence confidently. A higher incidence of severe bleeding events and strokes was detected in the group receiving anticoagulation, suggesting that aspirin may be the drug of choice for most patients in this context.     

Prospective register of primary percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with acute myocardial infarction

The present study has evaluated the immediate angiographic results of primary percutaneous interventions (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction, as well as hospital and 6-month clinical outcomes. The analysis covered a total of 265 patients (females (23%) and males (77%)); their mean age was 57+/-11 years. The mean time before the first balloon dilatation during PCI was 278+/-135 minutes after the development of the pain syndrome or 109+/-94 minutes after hospital admission. PCI proved to be effective in 96% of the patients, as evidenced by angiography. TIMI 3 blood flow was achieved in 83% of cases during PCI. After primary PCI, hospital mortality was 98.9% and 95% survived 6 months. At 6-month follow-up, 22% patients had positive exercise tests, recurrent angina pectoris and/or more than 50% luminal stenosis of the infarct-related artery. Control angiography made less than 6 months later showed 11% restenosis. This prospective study has demonstrated the high immediate and long effectiveness and safety of primary interventions in acute myocardial infarction.     

肝肾不足型骨质疏松症患者体液免疫水平的变化及骨愈灵的疗效观察

目的：观察肝肾不足型骨质疏松症患者体液免疫水平的变化及骨愈灵的治疗效果。方法：选择2011年3月至2012年6月来我院行治疗的肝肾不足型骨质疏松症患者100例,将其作为研究组另选择同期来我院行健康体检者100例,将其作为对照组。患者在钙剂、降钙素、维生素D等常规药物治疗的基础上给予骨愈灵片,观察两组治疗前后骨密度（BMD）、淋巴细胞亚群、白细胞、免疫球蛋白等变化。结果：与对照组比较,观察组治疗前BMD（0.504±0.054）g/cm2、CD3（55.4±5.6）%、CD4（33.6±1.6）%、CD8（25.2±4.1）%、LYM（2.013±0.412）×109/L、LYM%（28.310±6.354）%、LgG（9.55±0.23）、LgM（1.26±0.05）均降低明显（P〈0.01）,WBC（7.621±1.023）×109/L、NEU（5.023±1.230）×109/L、NEU%（60.321±8.231）%升高（P〈0.01）,观察组BMD、CD3、CD4、CD8、WBC、LYM、LYM%、NEU、NEU%及各免疫指标水平与对照组相当（P〉0.05）。结论：肝肾不足型骨质疏松症患者特异性免疫功能较正常人受到抑制,炎性反应被激活;骨愈灵片能显著提高肝肾不足型骨质疏松症患者的BMD值,增强细胞和体液免疫功能。     

Prosthetic heart valve thrombosis, anticoagulation and pregnancy: a case report and review of literature

In pregnant patients with a prosthetic heart valve (PHV), anticoagulation with warfarin is associated with embryopathy, foetal loss early in pregnancy and maternal bleeding complications in the delivery period. The optimal anticoagulation strategy in the pre-pregnancy period and during pregnancy itself is controversial and a matter of debate. We describe a patient with PHV in the pre-pregnancy period and in a subsequent pregnancy. The optimal anticoagulation treatment strategy in women in their reproductive years with mechanical valve thrombosis is discussed. (Neth Heart J 2007;15: 306-9).     

替格瑞洛在急性冠脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后的应用价值

目的:评价替格瑞洛在急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后的应用价值。方法:将我院收治的565例成功行PCI的急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者随机分为2组:氯吡格雷组253例,术后口服氯吡格雷75 mg、QD;替格瑞洛组312例,术后口服替格瑞洛首剂180 mg,维持量90mg、BID。两组患者术后常规口服阿司匹林100 mg、QD。研究主要终点为主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE),包括全因死亡、靶血管血运重建和脑梗塞;次要终点为TIMI主要出血(定义为血红蛋白下降50 g/L或颅内出血有关的临床显著出血事件)。结果:565例患者平均随访12个月,替格瑞洛组MACE发生率低于氯吡格雷组(3.8%vs.8.7%,P0.05),两组TIMI主要出血事件发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(2.9%vs.3.2%,P0.05)。结论:替格瑞洛能明显减少PCI术后主要不良心血管事件,并不增加主要出血。