乳酸杆菌代谢产物对一些常见菌黏附阴道上皮细胞的抑制作用的初步探讨

目的 探讨乳酸杆菌代谢产物对大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌黏附阴道上皮细胞的抑制作用.方法 刮取健康妇女阴道上皮细胞进行体外培养,观察在乳酸杆菌代谢产物的干预下大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌黏附阴道上皮细胞的情况.结果 和结论 乳酸杆菌代谢产物能够明显抑制大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌对阴道上皮细胞的黏附.     

片球菌素PediocinPA-1抑菌活性检测

目的检测通过基因工程获得的片球菌素Pediocin PA-1抑菌活性。方法采用琼脂扩散法检测片球菌素Pediocin PA-1对单核细胞增生李斯特杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、沙门菌和大肠埃希菌O157的抑菌活性。结果片球菌素Pediocin PA-1对单核细胞增生李斯特杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌O157等均有抑制作用。其中对单核细胞增生李斯特杆菌、沙门菌、大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用效果明显,对铜绿假单胞菌有微弱的抑制作用。结论通过基因工程获得的片球菌素Pediocin PA-1具有抑菌活性。     

2009年度宁波市妇儿医院主要病原菌的临床分布及耐药性分析

目的了解宁波市妇儿医院主要病原菌的临床分布及耐药性分析。方法血液培养采用法国生物梅里埃公司的BacT/Alert3D,菌株鉴定采用法国生物梅里埃公司的VITEK 60分析仪,药敏试验采用K-B法,纸片扩散确证试验检测ESBLs。结果前10位细菌构成比依次是大肠埃希菌(13.4%)、白色念珠菌(8.7%)、阴道加德纳菌(7.8%)、表皮葡萄球菌(6.9%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(5.6%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(4.9%)、鲍曼复合醋酸钙不动杆菌(3.9%)、粪肠球菌(D群)(3.1%)、铜绿假单胞菌(2.7%)和溶血葡萄球菌(2.0%)。大肠埃希菌539株中产ESBLs阳性率为52.5%,肺炎克雷伯菌195株中产ESBLs阳性率为45.2%。大肠埃希菌主要分离于尿液,其次是脓液/切口。肺炎克雷伯菌在痰及咽拭子中所占比例最高。46株铜绿假单胞菌和11株鲍曼复合醋酸钙不动杆菌对亚胺培南耐药。结论对产ESBLs的肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)、耐亚胺培南的鲍曼复合醋酸钙不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌,应加强隔离预防,控制在医院内的扩散,减少耐药菌株产生。     

医院感染病原菌及耐药性监测报告

从３９０４ 例住院病人标本中分离出医院内感染病原菌７８１ 株,结合临床常用的１４ 种抗菌药物药敏试验结果进行整理分析。结果,革兰阳性球菌所占比例呈上升趋势,革兰阴性杆菌呈下降趋势。引起医院感染的主要病原菌为真菌、大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌、肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌。２ 年间金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素的耐药率已＞ ９３ ％ ,对第三代喹诺酮类的耐药率下降了１６．６６ ％ ～４０．８３ ％ 。肠球菌对万古霉素的耐药率上升了２７．５９ ％ 。克雷伯菌、沙雷菌、大肠埃希菌对头孢菌素类、第三代喹诺酮类的耐药率呈上升趋势。金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肠杆菌属、铜绿假单胞菌对阿米卡星的耐药率呈下降趋势。     

中药野菊花和山楂核提取液对 宫颈常见病原体抑菌效果的比较

目的了解中药野菊花和山楂核提取液对宫颈常见病原体大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的抑菌效果,比较野菊花和山楂核提取液抑菌作用的效果。方法采用二倍稀释法药敏试验测定抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果野菊花、山楂核提取液对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌有不同程度的抑菌效果,三种菌的总抑菌效果差异具有统计学意义(χ2=21.781,P=0.00000.05),四种浓度药物的实验,两两比较后得出山楂核提取液的抑菌效果更好,抑菌率明显高于野菊花组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.6660,P=0.00300.05)。结论野菊花、山楂核提取液对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌有不同程度的抑菌效果,山楂核提取液的抑菌效果更好。     

蛇毒抗菌的比较性研究

目的 研究蛇毒粗毒的抗菌作用,并比较不同蛇毒对不同细菌的抑制效果.方法 采用抑菌环法测定蛇岛蝮、江浙蝮和短尾蝮蛇毒粗毒对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌以及白色念珠菌的抗菌作用,比较不同蛇毒粗毒的抗菌效果;加入过氧化氢酶(catalase),考察蛇毒抗菌作用的变化.结果 (1)3种蛇毒粗毒对5种细菌均呈现不同程度的抑制作用.(2)3种蛇毒粗毒对5种细菌的抑制作用大小依次为:金黄色葡萄球菌＞白色念珠菌＞大肠埃希菌或铜绿假单胞菌＞枯草芽孢杆菌.(3)加入catalase后,蛇毒的抗菌作用明显减弱.结论 (1)3种蛇毒粗毒均具有一定的抗菌作用,并具有明显抑菌选择性.(2)3种蛇毒的抗菌效果不同,蛇岛蝮蛇抗菌作用最强.(3) catalase能显著降低蛇毒的抗菌活性,表明L-氨基酸氧化酶是蛇毒起抗菌作用的主要成分.     

肝硬化并发自发性腹膜炎患者腹水病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的探讨肝硬化并发自发性腹膜炎(SBP)患者腹水病原菌分布及耐药情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法回顾性分析本院2008年1月至2013年12月间SBP患者腹水病原菌162株,用VITEK32自动分析仪进行菌种鉴定,K-B纸片法进行药敏试验。结果共分离出病原菌162株,其中革兰阴性菌占70.37%,前四位为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌;革兰阳性菌占22.22%,前三位为表皮葡萄球菌、肠球菌属和金黄色葡萄球菌;真菌占7.41%,以白色假丝酵母菌为主。药敏结果显示,大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和阴沟肠杆菌对阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦较敏感,未检出耐亚胺培南菌株,铜绿假单胞菌的耐药率普遍较高。主要革兰阳性菌对青霉素的耐药率80%,未检出耐力奈唑胺、万古霉素和替考拉宁菌株。结论 SBP腹水病原菌以大肠埃希菌为主,临床应根据药敏结果合理使用抗生素,减少耐药株的产生。     

医院病原菌的分布及耐药趋势的调查分析

通过对我院１９９４年６月至１９９５年１２月间门诊及住院患者送检的２１６５例阳性标本分析中发现,病原菌感染以呼吸道及肺部感染为最多见,其次为尿路感染和创伤感染。感染菌以革兰氏阴性杆菌为主。病原菌检出率最多的顺序是：大肠埃希氏菌、肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、表皮葡萄球菌、变形杆菌、鲍曼氏不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、白色念珠菌等。而引起呼吸道感染的病原菌依次为：鲍曼氏不动杆菌（２７．９７％）、肺炎克雷伯氏菌（２５．６％）、铜绿假单胞菌（１３．５６％）、白色念珠菌（１３．２０％）、金黄色葡萄球菌（１１．２％）、大肠埃希氏菌（７．１％）等。药敏实验结果显示：革兰氏阴性杆菌（简称Ｇ－ｂ）对丁胺卡那和头孢呋新敏感率呈上升趋势（Ｐ＜５％）,头孢三嗪、青霉素、红霉素敏感率稳定,其余七种抗生素敏感率呈下降趋势。革兰氏阳性球菌中（简称Ｇ＋ｃ）首选药为去甲万古霉素,丁胺卡那敏感率稳定,头孢呋新敏感率呈上升趋势,其余抗生素敏感率呈下降趋势（Ｐ＜５％）。     

地衣芽胞杆菌对白色念珠菌等的拮抗作用

目的了解地衣芽胞杆菌在试管内与阴道正常菌群共生关系的情况。方法将地衣芽胞杆菌菌液分别与葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌、德氏乳杆菌混合培养,定量计数各菌在不同时间内单独培养和混合培养时各菌的活菌数。结果地衣芽胞杆菌生长不受金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌和大肠埃希菌的影响,金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌在有地衣芽胞杆菌存在的情况下,其生长受到明显的抑制（P〈0.05）;乳杆菌在12-48 h内,有显著的抑制地衣芽胞杆菌生长的作用,而乳杆菌的生长不受地衣芽胞杆菌的存在与否而正常生长。结论地衣芽胞杆菌对金黄色葡萄球菌及白色念珠菌在体外具有明显的拮抗作用,地衣芽胞杆菌对大肠埃希菌、乳杆菌无明显的体外拮抗作用。     

呼吸内科病原菌的分布及耐药情况

目的：对十堰市人民医院2011年呼吸内科病原菌的分布及耐药情况进行研究,为临床合理使用抗菌药物及控制医院感染提供依据。方法：采用临床流行病学调查方法回顾性收集分析2011年1月-2011年12月呼吸内科病原菌分布及主要病原菌耐药率,对分离鉴定出的病原菌选用常用抗生素进行药敏实验,实验采用K-B法按NCCLS标准进行。结果：病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,其中又以肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌为主,革兰阳性球菌以金黄色葡萄球菌为主。产酶和不产酶肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌及金黄色葡萄球菌耐药率有明显差异。铜绿假单胞菌对头孢噻肟、氨曲南耐药率较高。结论：应根据药敏结果合理使用抗生素,以提高治疗效果,减少耐药菌株产生,预防医院内感染。     

金樱子茎提取物体外抑菌活性研究

采用纸片扩散法和试管稀释法,研究金樱子茎不同溶剂粗提取物对临床常见病原细菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,金樱子茎水提取物对绿脓杆菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌无抑菌活性;对伤寒杆菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为20 mg（生药）/mL;对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为10 mg（生药）/mL。金樱子茎75%乙醇提取物对绿脓杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌无抑菌活性;对金黄色葡萄球菌MIC为10 mg（生药）/mL。金樱子茎乙酸乙酯、氯仿、石油醚提取物对绿脓杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌无抑菌活性。     

Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and QSAR studies of novel piperidin-4-yl-5-spiro-thiadiazoline derivatives

In an attempt to find a new class of antimicrobial agents, a series of new 1,3,4-thiadiazolines were synthesized from 2,6-diarylpiperidin-4-ones, via the corresponding 4'-phenylthiosemicarbazones. All the synthesized compounds (23-39) were virtually screened against bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi) and fungal strains (Candida albicans, Rhizopus sp, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) by serial dilution method. QSAR study indicated that the increase in weakly polar component of solvent accessible surface area will favour antibacterial activity while increase in polarizability and decrease in ionisation potential and hydrogen bond donor will favour antifungal activity.     

In-vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of some coumarins and their metal complexes

A series of new antibacterial and antifungal coumarin-derived compounds and their transition metal complexes [cobalt (II), copper (II), nickel (II) and zinc (II)] have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Bacillus cereus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes bacterial strains and for in vitro antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani, Candida glaberata. The results of these studies show the metal complexes to be more antibacterial and antifungal as compared to the uncomplexed coumarins. The brine shrimp bioassay was also carried out to study their in vitro cytotoxic properties.     

In-vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity of cobalt (II), copper (II), nickel (II) and zinc (II) complexes with furanylmethyl- and thienylmethyl-dithiolenes: [1, 3-dithiole- 2-one and 1,3-dithiole-2-thione

Some antibacterial and antifungal furanylmethyl-and thienylmethyl dithiolenes and, their Co(II), Cu(II), Ni (II) and Zn (II) complexes have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against four Gram-negative; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Shigella flexeneri, and two Gram-positive; Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains, and for in-vitro antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glaberata. All compounds showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. The metal complexes, however, were shown to possess better activity as compared to the simple ligands. The brine shrimp bioassay was also carried out to study their in-vitro cytotoxic properties.     

Design and synthesis of spiro[indole-thiazolidine]spiro[indole-pyrans] as antimicrobial agents

A series of novel spiro[indole-thiazolidine]spiro[indole-pyran] derivatives were synthesized from N-(bromoalkyl)indol-2,3-diones via monospiro-bisindole intermediates; the two indole nuclei being connected via N-(CH(2))(n)-N linker. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities in vitro against three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus epidermis), four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella pneumonia) as well as four fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Candida albicans) using Cup plate method. Bis spiro-indoles exhibited stronger antibacterial and antifungal efficiency than their corresponding mono spiro-indoles. Compound 10e, the most active derivative was shown to inhibit the growth of all bacterial strains and two fungal strains (A. niger and C. albicans).     

In-vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic properties of metal-based furanyl derived sulfonamides

A new series of antibacterial and antifungal furanyl-derived sulfonamides and their cobalt (II), copper (II), nickel (II) and zinc (II) metal complexes have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in-vitro antibacterial activity against four Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi) and two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains and, for in-vitro antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glaberata. The results of these studies revealed that all compounds showed significant to moderate antibacterial activity. However, the zinc (II) complexes were found to be comparatively much more active as compared to the others. For antifungal activity generally, compounds (22) and (24) showed significant activity against Escherichia coli (a), (6) against Shigella flexeneri (b), (16) and (22) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (c), (14) and (16) against Salmonella typhi (d), (9) against Staphylococcus aureus (e) and, (14) and (16) against Bacillus subtilis (f) fungal strains. The brine shrimp (Artemia salina) bioassay was also carried out to study their in-vitro cytotoxic properties. Only three compounds, (6), (10) and (23) displayed potent cytotoxic activity with LD50 = 1.8535 x 10(-4), 1.8173 x 10(-4) and 1.9291 x 10(-4) respectively.     

In vitro antibacterial, antifungal & cytotoxic activity of some isonicotinoylhydrazide Schiff's bases and their cobalt (II), copper (II), nickel (II) and zinc (II) complexes

Isonicotinoylhydrazide Schiff's bases formed by the reaction of substituted and unsubstituted furyl-2-carboxaldehyde and thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde with isoniazid and, their Co (II), Cu (II), Ni (II) and Zn (II) complexes have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Bacillus cereus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes bacterial strains and for in vitro antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glabrata. The results of these studies show the metal complexes to be more antibacterial and antifungal against one or more bacterial/fungal strains as compared to the uncomplexed compounds. The brine shrimp bioassay indicated Schiff's bases, L3 and L6 and, their Cu (II) and Ni (II) metal complexes to be cytotoxic against Artemia salina, while all other compounds were inactive (LD50 > 1000).     

Synthesis of organometallic-based biologically active compounds: In vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic properties of some sulfonamide incorporated ferrocences

Sulfonamides incorporated ferrocene (SIF) have been synthesized by the condensation reaction of sulfonamides (sulfanilamide, sulfathiazole or sulfamethaxazole) with 1,1'-diacetylferrocene. The synthesized compounds (SIF(1)-SIF(4)) have been characterized by their physical, spectral and analytical properties and have been screened for their in vitro antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacterial strains e.g., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi and for antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glaberata using Agar-well diffusion method. Most of the compounds showed good antibacterial activity whereas, all the compounds exhibited significant antifungal activity. Brine shrimp bioassay was also carried out for in vitro cytotoxic properties against Artemia salina.     

Antimicrobial activity of a series of thiosemicarbazones and their Zn<Superscript>II</Superscript> and Pd<Superscript>II</Superscript> complexes

Thirty-four thiosemicarbazones and S-alkyl thiosemicarbazones, and some of their Zn(II) and Pd(II) complexes were obtained and purified to investigate antimicrobial activity. MIC values of the compounds were determined by the disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Candida albicans. The thiosemicarbazones show antibacterial and antifungal effects in free ligand and metal-complex form. Picolinaldehyde-S-methyl- and -S-benzylthiosemicarbazones did not affect the tested microorganisms but their Zn(II) complexes showed selective activity. The antimicrobial activity is relatively high in Me2SO, but the antimicrobial potential is changed in a certain range with Me2SO, HCONMe2, EtOH and CHCl3.