老年脑梗死患者急性期全脑血管造影及脑动脉狭窄的危险因素分析

目的:探究老年脑梗死患者急性期全脑血管造影(DSA)及脑动脉狭窄的危险因素。方法:选择2010年1月~2016年9月期间我院收治的562例老年脑卒中患者为研究对象。经DSA造影观察脑血管动脉造影脉狭窄情况,并收集患者一般资料,采用单因素分析及多因素logistics回归分析脑动脉狭窄的危险因素。结果:562例脑卒中患者经DSA检查共发现469例患者出现脑动脉狭窄,中度狭窄301例,血管重度狭窄168例;颅内段发生率显著高于颅外段(P0.05);高龄(OR=1.434,P0.05)、高血压(OR=2.084,P0.05)、糖尿病(OR=2.235,P0.05)及吸烟(OR=2.734,P0.05)是老年脑卒中患者脑血管狭窄的危险因素。结论:DSA显示老年人脑卒中患者多存在脑血管动脉狭窄的发生,年龄、高血压、糖尿病及吸烟是老年脑卒中患者脑血管狭窄的危险因素。     

老年原发性高血压患者脉搏波传导速度与心脑血管危险因素关系的研究

目的:探讨老年原发性高血压患者脉搏波传导速度与心脑血管危险因素关系。方法:随机选取2012年5月至2012年8月在我院体检的160例新诊老年原发性高血压患者及120例健康个体,所有个体均未接受治疗,采用动脉硬化检测仪测定患者肱踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV),同时测量身高、腰围、体重、血压、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、空腹血糖(FBS)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、尿酸(UA)、肌酐(Cr)等指标,探讨老年原发性高血压患者高脂血症、吸烟、肥胖、糖尿病等危险因素与baPWV指标变化的关系。结果:不同血压分级的老年原发性高血压患者之间肱踝脉搏波传导速度值存在显著差异(P0.01)。合并冠心病、肥胖、糖尿病、吸烟、高脂血症等危险因素的高血压患者baPWV值显著高于单纯性原发性高血压患者(P0.01)。多元回归分析表明:吸烟史(P0.01)、冠心病史(P0.01)、糖尿病史(P0.01)、年龄(P0.01)、腰围(P0.01)、血压(P0.01)、HDL-C(P0.01)、TC(P0.01)、FBS(P0.01)、LDL-C(P0.01)、Cr(P0.01)是baPWV升高的独立风险因素。结论:老年原发性高血压患者存在不同程度的的动脉僵硬增高,常见心脑血管风险因素同样影响老年原发性高血压患者僵硬度。     

老年主动脉瓣钙化与冠心病合并心律失常的相关性探讨

目的:探讨老年患者主动脉瓣钙化与冠心病合并心律失常的相关性。方法:纳入解放军总医院疑诊为冠心病的老年住院患者276例,行冠状动脉造影,同期行超声心动图和24 h动态心电图检查,详细记录患者病史。根据超声结果,将患者分成主动脉瓣钙化(AVC)组和非主动脉瓣钙化(NAVC)组,比较两组冠心病合并心律失常的检出率,评价老年患者主动脉瓣钙化对冠心病合并心律失常的预测价值。结果:AVC组和NAVC组的年龄、吸烟史、高血压史、糖尿病史存在显著性差异(P0.05);AVC组冠心病的确诊率为93.7%,而NAVC组为80.6%,两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.002);AVC组冠心病合并心律失常检出率也显著性高于NAVC组(59.2%vs 35.1%,P=0.043)。结论:主动脉瓣钙化与冠心病合并心律失常密切相关,有望作为冠心病合并心律失常的高危患者有效的筛查指标。     

高脂血症合并高血压患者临床特征及疾病严重程度的危险因素分析

摘要 目的：分析高脂血症合并高血压患者临床特征及疾病严重程度的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2021年12月-2022年12月我院收治的高血压和高脂症患者共532例,依据其血压和血脂水平分为高血脂组（n=240）和高血脂合并高血压组（n=292）。比较两组临床资料,采用二分类Logistic回归分析影响高脂血症合并高血压患者病情严重程度的独立危险因素。结果：高血脂合并高血压组的吸烟史、家族史、患有糖尿病史、高血脂病史一年以上人数占比及血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、血尿酸（UA）、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平均与高血脂组有差异（P<0.05）。高血脂合并高血压重度组有吸烟史、家族史、患有糖尿病、高血压病及血清UA、CRP水平均高于中度组（P<0.05）。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,有吸烟史、家族史、患有糖尿病、高血压病及血清UA、CRP水平升高是影响高脂血症合并高血压患者病情严重程度的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：吸烟史、家族史、患有糖尿病、高血压病,UA含量以及CRP水平升高是影响高脂血症合并高血压患者病情严重程度的独立危险因素,可作为临床提示高脂血症合并高血压病情发展的指标。     

早发冠心病患者的危险因素及冠脉病变特点研究

目的:探讨早发冠心病(PCAD)患者的危险因素及冠脉病变特点。方法:收集2014年8月至2015年2月北京安贞医院急诊科行冠状动脉造影的1000例患者为研究对象,根据冠状动脉造影结果和临床资料分为早发冠心病(PCAD)组(男55岁,女65岁,n=340)、晚发冠心病组(n=300)和对照组(非冠心病者,n=360)。对三组患者的临床资料进行统计学分析,采用logistic回归分析PCAD患者的危险因素,并比较PCAD组与晚发冠心病组的冠状动脉病变特点。结果:Logistic回归分析结果提示:吸烟、早发冠心病家族史、高血压病及2型糖尿病是PCAD的独立危险因素(P0.001)。PCAD组单支病变比例显著高于晚发冠心病组(P0.05);回旋支、右冠状动脉病变比例低于晚发冠心病组(P0.05)。结论:吸烟、早发冠心病家族史、高血压病及2型糖尿病是PCAD的独立危险因素。早发冠心病患者冠脉病变主要累及前降支,单支病变多于晚发冠心病患者。     

老年高血压患者的动态脉压与冠心病并发症及颈动脉粥样硬化的关系研究

目的:探讨老年高血压患者的动态脉压(PP)与冠心病并发症及颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法:选取2010年5月至2013年6月在我院就诊的老年性高血压病患者328例,168例单纯性老年高血压患者设为高血压组,160例合并有冠心病的老年性高血压患者设为高血压合并冠心病组。根据厚度(IMT)是否增大将高血压组分为IMT增厚组94例和IMT正常组74例。对动态血压及颈动脉IMT进行测定。结果:与高血压组相比,高血压合并冠心病组的24 hAPP、dPP、nPP等指标以及24 hASBP、nSBP等指标均显著提高;而24hADBP、dDBP、nDBP等指标则明显下降;高血压合并冠心病组24hA PP艹60 mm Hg的发生率为57.50%,明显高于高血压组的39.29%;IMT增厚组患者的24hA PP、dPP及nPP水平均明显高于IMT正常组;艹60 mmHg组共89例,IMT为1.14±0.23 mm,明显高于60 mmHg组79例的平均厚度0.93±0.12 mm(P0.05)。结论:老年高血压患者的动态脉压在冠心病并发症及颈动脉粥样硬化预测方面具有显著的优越性。     

干休所健康体检人群糖尿病的发病率及相关危险因素分析

目的:探讨健康体检人群中糖尿病的发病率及相关危险因素,为糖尿病的预防提供参考。方法:对参加健康体检的500名离退休人员的空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(OGTT 2 h)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、体重指数(BMI)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度胆固醇(HDL-C)及甘油三脂(TG)进行检测。应用logistic分析糖尿病发生的相关危险因素。结果:500名参加体检的患者中,确诊糖尿病167例,糖尿病的发病率为33.4%,其中男性88例,占52.7%;女性59例,占47.31%。糖尿病患者的SBP、DBP、BMI、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C及TG水平与健康人群呈显著差异,数据具有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic分析结果显示血压、血脂异常、体重指数与糖尿病的发生呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:离退休人员发生糖尿病的比例较高,且高血压、高血脂、超重或肥胖等是糖尿病发生的危险因素,应引起临床的重视。     

比较老年与中青年二尖瓣腱索断裂的超声心动图特征和规律性

目的：比较老年二尖瓣腱索断裂（RMCT）患者与中青年RMCT患者的临床表现以及超声心动图特点,为老年RMCT患者的诊断和治疗提供依据。方法：选择年龄〉60岁的老年RMCT患者53例定义为老年组,年龄〈60岁的中青年RMCT患者57例定义为中青年组,使用经胸超声心动图（TTE）和经食道超声心动图（TEE）测量各组的心腔尺寸,观察二尖瓣活动形态以及腱索断裂的部位和程度,记录瓣膜的返流情况。结果：老年组中风心病仅占5．66％,而中青年组风心病患者占50．88％,差异有统计学意义（X2=27．221,P=0．000）。老年组多合并有多种慢性疾病,其中合并高血压者占83．02％,合并冠心病者占60．38％,合并2型糖尿病者占37．74％,均高于中青年组,其中合并高血压的差异有统计学意义（X2=-31．459,P=0．000）。老年组中心功能Ⅳ级的比例远高于中青年组,差异有统计学意义（X2=10．489,P=0．001）。老年组全心扩大、肺动脉高压的例数显著高于中青年组,差异有统计学意义（全心扩大：XZ=11．376,P=0．001;肺动脉高压：X2=-20．362,P=0．000）。老年组中二尖瓣细小腱索断裂的例数多于中青年组,差异有统计学意义（x2=9．799,P=0．002）,粗大腱索断裂的例数少于中青年组,差异有统计学意义（x2=11．118,P=0．001）。结论：合并有高血压、冠心病以及糖尿病等基础疾病的老年RMCT患者,应定期进行超声心动图的检查,同时给予合理的治疗,以降低心衰的发病率。     

血尿酸对2型糖尿病动脉粥样硬化的影响

2型糖尿病患者发生大血管并发症的主要病理基础为动脉粥样硬化,且发生早、进展快、预后差、死亡率高,其引发的心脑血管疾病是糖尿病患者致死致残的主要原因之一.血尿酸是动脉粥样硬化的危险因素,与代谢综合征的多种成分,如肥胖、血脂异常、糖尿病、高血压、冠心病、胰岛素抵抗等密切相关.本文阐述2型糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化发生中血尿酸的作用机制.     

老年高血压合并高脂血症并发缺血性心脏病患者的相关危险因素分析

摘要目的：探究老年高血压合并高脂血症并发缺血性心脏病患者的相关危险因素。方法：对我院2008年5月一2011年11月收治的老年高血压患者进行回顾分析,将合并高脂血症及缺血性心脏病患者纳入观察组,其余患者纳入对照组,对年龄、家族史等临床资料进行危险因素回归分析,总结其相关危险因素。结果：单因素分析发现,年龄、家族史、肥胖、糖尿病等9项因素存在统计学差异,将其纳入多因素COX模型分析,发现年龄、吸烟史、高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症、高水平C反应蛋白及高尿酸血症是影响老年高血压合并高脂血症并发缺血性心脏病的独立危险因素。结论：年龄、吸烟史、高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症、高水平C反应蛋白及高尿酸血症是影响老年高血压合并高脂血症并发缺血性心脏病的独立危险因素,对于存在危险因素的患者应及时进行早期干预,防止严重并发疾病的出现。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

2017年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2017年中国植物科学继续保持高速发展态势, 重大成果频出, 具体表现在中国植物学家在国际顶级学术期刊发表的文章数量平稳上升。中国植物科学领域的研究工作者成果精彩纷呈, 如新型广谱抗病机制的发现、水稻广谱抗病遗传基础及机制和疫霉菌诱发病害成灾机制研究等。2017年中国生命科学领域十大进展评选中, 有两项植物科学领域的研究成果入选。水稻生物学、进化与基因组学和激素生物学等领域学科发展突出。另外, 值得一提的是, 长期从事高等植物与代谢途径调控分子网络研究和水稻品种设计育种的李家洋院士的研究成果“水稻高产优质性状形成的分子机理及品种设计”荣获2017年国家自然科学一等奖。这一具有重大国际影响的开创性贡献标志着中国植物科学在该领域的国际科学前沿居于引领和卓越地位。该文对2017年中国本土科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了系统梳理, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域发展的最新前沿动态, 与广大读者共同分享我国科学家所取得的辉煌成就。     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望.     

Morphine-potentiated platelet aggregation in in vitro and platelet plug formation in in vivo experiments

The detailed mechanisms underlying morphine-signaling pathways in platelets remain obscure. Therefore, we systematically examined the influence of morphine on washed human platelets. In this study, washed human platelet suspensions were used for in vitro studies. Furthermore, platelet thrombus formation induced by irradiation of mesenteric venules with filtered light in mice pretreated with fluorescein sodium was used for an in vivo thrombotic study. Morphine concentration dependently (0.6, 1, and 5 microM) potentiated platelet aggregation and the ATP release reaction stimulated by agonists (i.e., collagen and U46619) in washed human platelets. Yohimbine (0.1 microM), a specific alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, markedly abolished the potentiation of morphine in platelet aggregation stimulated by agonists. Morphine also potentiated phosphoinositide breakdown and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in human platelets stimulated by collagen (1 microg/ml). Moreover, morphine (0.6-5 microM) markedly inhibited prostaglandin E(1) (10 microM)-induced cyclic AMP formation in human platelets, while yohimbine (0.1 microM) significantly reversed the inhibition of cyclic AMP by morphine (0.6 and 1 microM) in this study. The thrombin-evoked increase in pH(i) was markedly potentiated in the presence of morphine (1 and 5 microM). Morphine (2 and 5 mg/g) significantly shortened the time require to induce platelet plug formation in mesenteric venules. We concluded that morphine may exert its potentiation in platelet aggregation by binding to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in human platelets, with a resulting inhibition of adenylate cyclase, thereby reducing intracellular cyclic AMP formation followed by increased activation of phospholipase C and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. This leads to increased intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and finally potentiation of platelet aggregation and of the ATP release reaction.     

Changes in aquatic vegetation in Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace in relation to disturbance

Abstract. Changes are described in aquatic vegetation in oligotrophic, groundwater-fed Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace (eastern France), resulting from disturbance. Disturbance factors include changes in nutrients, either permanent ones - effluent from a waste water treatment plant or trout hatcheries - or periodic ones: flooding. Regular inputs of high levels of phosphate and ammonia modified the macrophyte vegetation in these streams. The floristic composition, which was characteristic of oligotrophic waters upstream of the eutrophicated sector, changed to that of a eutrophic situation as originally found downstream. Periodic disturbance by floods which normally occur once a year, irregularly eutrophicates the small streams, causing the development of a mixture of eutrophic and oligotrophic species. Six macrophyte communities are distinguished, indicating different trophic levels. The aquatic vegetation is adapted to the variations of phosphate and ammonia levels. Hence, aquatic macrophytes can be used as bio-indicators of fluctuations in water nutrient levels in relation to the type of disturbance.