棉花离体培养纤维的研究进展

从试管棉纤维的诱导条件、影响试管棉纤维分化和伸长的因子以及其发育机制等方面进行了综述.试管棉纤维主要是通过胚珠及愈伤组织诱导形成,其影响因子主要是植物生长调节物质及外界环境.同时总结了目前棉花离体培养纤维中存在问题,并展望了棉花离体培养的前景和应用价值.     

棉花组织培养研究的现状和前景

对棉花组织培养中胚珠（幼）培养和杂种植株获得,体细胞无性系变异和抗性突变体筛选,花药培养和单倍体育种,体细胞胚发生和人工种子的制作,离体棉纤维诱导和超级棉生产,原生质体培养和植株再生等研究进展,问题和前景作了概述。     

温度对棉花花蕾离体培养下纤维细胞分化、突起效应的研究

温度对棉花花蕾离体培养下纤维细胞分化、突起效应的研究徐楚年,李海燕,陈湛波,贾君镇,柏长青（北京农业大学,北京１０００９４）棉纤维是纺织工业的重要原料,提高棉花的产量和品质成为各国棉花科技工作者的首要目标。从前人的工作已知,棉纤维是棉花胚珠单个表皮细...     

魔芋试管气生球茎的诱导研究

以谢君魔芋无菌试管苗为试材研究离体条件魔芋试管气生球茎的形成,利用正交试验设计对培养基及培养条件进行优化选择。结果表明叶片插入培养基7d后开始形成愈伤,并在复叶叶脉处形成1-2个气生球茎。培养基、培养温度、光照强度、碳源是魔芋试管气生球茎诱导的主要限制因子。改良MS培养基中添加NAA、Kt、碳源分别为0.5mg/L、0.5mg/L、4%S 4%M为最佳诱导培养基;最佳培养条件为温度28℃,光周期8/16,光照强度800lx。     

人工棉纤维

人工棉纤维张宝红，丰嵘（中国农业科学院棉花研究所河南安阳４５５１１２）人工棉纤维，又叫试管棉纤维、超级棉纤维，是指将棉株任意部分的单细胞放入特定培养基中进行培养而形成的、与天然棉纤维相似的纤维。美国路易斯安娜州新奥尔良美农业南方地区研究中心比较了人工...     

梳唇石斛试管开花诱导和离体保存

对珍稀濒危药用植物梳唇石斛（Dendrobidium strongylanthum Rchb. f.）离体开花诱导和保存进行试验、观察和分析,研究基本培养基和植物生长调节剂对诱导离体开花的影响以及培养条件对离体保存的影响。结果显示,试管丛芽培养在MS＋6-BA 2 mg/L＋NAA 0.2 mg/L的培养基上,培养20 d试管开花的诱导率高达96%以上。试管丛芽接种在花宝1号3 g/L＋NAA 1 mg/L＋活性炭0.5 g/L培养基上,在12 ℃和HR 60%条件下保存,继代周期可延长至2年。该物种快速繁殖方法和保存技术的成功,为濒危植物梳唇石斛持续利用提供了技术支持。     

花生叶片离体培养花器官分化及其开花结果研究

以花生幼叶为外植体进行离体培养,研究BA浓度对花器官分化的影响并进一步观察试管内花器官的发育.结果表明:经MSB 1mg/LBA 0.5mg/LKIN 2mg/LIAA培养基诱导的愈伤组织,转接到附加1～3mg/LBA的MSB培养基上培养,均能直接诱导分化花器官,但2mg/LBA的诱导效率最高达21.13%;诱导分化的花器官转接到MSB培养基继续培养,部分花器官可以在试管内开花、受精、成针、结实.试验实现了以花生幼叶为外植体,在试管内完成诱导花芽、开花、受精、形成果针、子房膨大,直至形成荚果等过程,为离体条件下研究花生花器官分化、荚果及种子发育提供了技术体系和材料.     

蝴蝶兰离体培养及其相关生物技术研究进展

对蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis)的离体培养、褐化及控制、物理化学诱变、转基因研究进展进行了综述,包括蝴蝶兰离体培养中的外植体选择、体细胞胚胎及类原球茎诱导、培养基及培养条件、培养方式、褐化控制等关键因素,并概括了生物反应器、转基因、诱变育种等相关生物技术研究进展。成体植株的花梗、茎尖和种子以及试管苗的叶片、茎尖、根尖等均可作为外植体;影响外植体褐化的主要因素有培养基的种类、pH值、温度、外植体的生理状况等;蝴蝶兰诱变育种及转基因研究尚处于初步阶段。     

影响棉纤维分化和发育的因素

影响棉纤维生长发育的主要因素是：基因型、激素、温度、水分、光照、授粉受精状况等。基因型决定棉纤维分化发育方式，内源或外源激素调控纤维分化、伸长、次生壁形成等发育过程。温度对纤维分化发育也有很大程度的影响。离体纤维生长发育除了受上述因素影响外，还受微量元素、维生素、ＮＨ４＾＋、ＣＯ２浓度等影响。     

桃叶杜鹃组织培养技术研究

选用桃叶杜鹃试管苗的芽苗、叶片进行离体培养,通过正交试验设计并结合方差分析、多重比较从中选出了不同中间繁殖体的最佳培养基配方.试验结果表明:改良MS和6-BA及KT不适合桃叶杜鹃的组织培养,相对较低浓度的TDZ却能诱导植株分化,建立起桃叶杜鹃的离体培养体系,达到保护名贵杜鹃的种质资源,加速繁殖的目的.     

试管棉纤维与天然棉纤维超微结构的差异（简报）

Native cotton fiber and in vitro cotton fiber that was induced from cotton ovule callus by suspension culture were observed using transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The ovule surface on the first day preanthesis was quite smooth. On the anthesis, it had a lot of protuberances. Two kinds of callus, smooth and rough were found. The microfibrils of callus was vertical to the cell long axis and they changed their orientations with the development of the in vitro cotton fiber: from the vertical to shallow spiral and then to parallel to the cell long axis. So was the native cotton fiber. It suggests that in vitro cotton fiber and native cotton fiber have similar development process. Compared with the ovule surface cell, most callus cells had smaller nuclear. During the development of the fiber, the plasm of native cotton fiber was denser than that of in vitro fiber, and it has more cellular organ than in vitro fiber. The cell wall of native cotton fiber was thicker and denser than that of the in vitro cotton fiber too. It suggests that the physiological activity of in vitro cotton fiber was less active than native cotton fiber.     

试管棉纤维与天然棉纤维超微结构的差异(简报)

棉纤维由棉胚珠表皮细胞分化生长而成,是研究细胞分化、细胞伸长等机理的良好材料。为了更好地研究它的分化和发育,人们建立了多种实验系统:离体胚珠培养系统、胚珠来源的单细胞悬浮培养系统、胚珠愈伤组织细胞来源的细胞悬浮培养系统,并对这些实验系统的特点对纤维细胞分化和生长,如培养基的配方、激素配比、pH值、抑制剂或促进剂的影响等进行了较为系统的研究。发现棉纤维的发育     

Effects of abscisic acid on in vitro growth of cotton fiber

Summary Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits in vitro growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber and is effective only when applied during the first four days of culture started on the day of anthesis. Abscisic acid causes a small increase in potassium uptake by the ovules and also enhances leakage of potassium from them. During their period of rapid growth, fibers produced by ABA-treated ovules have a higher potassium content and a lower malate content as compared to fibers on untreated control ovules. Results are discussed in the light of earlier reports on the in vitro growth of cotton fiber and effects of abscisic acid on other plant tissues. It is suggested that ABA inhibits fiber growth, in part, by interfering with malate metabolism.Abbreviations ABA abscisic acid - GA₃ gibberellic acid - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - TFU total fiber units     

Adding gelling agents to cotton ovule culture media leads to subtle changes in fiber development

Summary Young cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) ovules will produce fiber in vitro when floated on a defined culture medium. Our laboratory is interested in examining the effects of altered gravity environments on fiber development as a model for the effects of gravity on cell expansion and cellulose biosynthesis. Since liquid culture media are unsuitable for altered gravity experiments, addition of gelling agents to cotton ovule culture media is necessary. In this study we have systematically examined the effects of four gelling agents at several concentrations on fiber production in culture. A rapid screening method using toluidine blue O staining indicated that after 3 wk in culture, fiber growth on 0.15% (wt/vol) Phytagel™ medium was similar to fiber growth on liquid medium. More detailed analysis of fiber development revealed that fiber length was not influenced by the addition of Phytagel™. Accumulation of cellulose, however, was reduced 50–60% compared with fibers produced in liquid media after 3 wk in culture. The fiber cellulose content rose with additional time in culture for both solid and liquid media treatments. By 4 wk in culture, the difference in cellulose content of fiber cell walls grown on solid versus liquid media was less than 20%. This variance in growth response on gelled media could be due to differences in media matric potential, to the immobility of ions trapped within the gel, or to toxicity of contaminants copurifying with Phytagel™. By identifying why ovule growth and fiber cellulose biosynthesis are reduced in cultures grown on gelled media, it will be possible to reveal new information about these processes in system that is less complicated than physiological systems at the whole plant level. Names of companies or commercial products are given solely for the purpose of providing specific information; their mention does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others not mentioned.     

Digital image analysis of expansion growth of cultured cotton ovules with fibers and their responses to ABA

Cotton ovule cultures have obvious advantages over whole plants when experimental protocols call for inhibitors, radio-labeled precursors or controlled environmental conditions to be tested. The responses of ovule expansion growth and attached fiber elongation to external factors require accurate measurement techniques. This paper presents a new method for digital image analysis of the growth area of cotton ovules with fibers at high resolution. The method was characterized under constant conditions and during dynamic responses to different levels of ABA (abscisic acid) treatment. The growth area was treated as area occupied within the outline of the Petri dish image of the growing ovule with fibers. Growth area increase showed the same trends as fiber length increase and was significantly correlated with the fiber length increase under different levels of ABA treatment (r ² = 0.97). This new analysis method provides a simple, noninvasive, and more accurate approach for growth analysis in the cotton ovule culture system. Using this method, the effects of ABA on expansion growth of ovule with fibers were characterized.     

外源阿魏酸对离体培养棉纤维生长发育的影响

通过建立新疆陆地棉品种'新陆早36号'的体外胚珠培养棉纤维体系,利用图像数字化处理技术和电镜切片观察,探索体外培养条件下不同浓度外源阿魏酸(FA)对棉纤维生长发育的影响.结果表明:(1)随着培养时间的延长,培养棉胚珠的体积、棉纤维长度、纤维团生长面积和纤维细胞壁厚度均显著增加.(2)FA的影响在培养15 d后达到显著水...     

影响棉纤维分化和发育的因素

概述了棉纤维细胞分化和发育的过程,对影响棉纤雏分化和发育的因素进行了探讨,并对今后棉纤维的研究发展趋势进行了展望．     

棉纤维分化起始的分子生物学研究进展

棉纤维的分化起始是棉纤维形态建成的初始阶段,对棉纤维的产量和质量有重要影响。本文对棉纤维细胞起始分化的时空顺序、影响因素以及近年来棉纤维分化起始在分子水平上的研究进展进行了综述,以阐明细胞分化的内在机理,为通过遗传工程途径人为控制棉纤维生长发育、选育优良农艺性状的新种质提供依据。