三氧化二砷（As2O3）对蚕豆根尖毒性效应的细胞遗传学研究

本文以蚕豆根尖为材料,研究不同浓度As2O3在不同的处理时间内对蚕豆胚根根尖的细胞遗传学毒性效应。结果表明：不同浓度的As2O3在不同处理时间内均能诱发较高的微核率和染色体畸变率,并能有效地积累中期分裂相,阻止其进入后期与末期。结论是As2O3对蚕豆根尖细胞具有明显的细胞遗传学毒性效应,并具有积累有丝分裂中期细胞的效应。 Abstract:The cytogenetic toxic effects of different concentration of As2O3 within different time on the cell of Vicia Faba root tip were studied.The results indicate that the different concentrations of As2O3 can induce high frequency of micronucleus and chromosome aberration.Besides,it can accumulate the metaphases in mitosis efficiently and prevent the cells from continuing their cell cycle.It shows that As2O3 has marked cytogenetic toxic effect on the root tip cells of Vicia Faba,and effect of accumulating the metaphases in mitosis.     

稀土多元复合肥和三种稀土元素的遗传毒性研究

采用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术,研究市售稀土多元复合肥和稀土元素镧、铈、铒的化合物对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传毒性和细胞毒性。结果表明,稀土复合肥和三种稀土元素均可诱发微核效应,在一定浓度下可损伤细胞,影响根尖的正常生长,其中稀土复合肥的微核效应表现出明显的剂量-效应关系。稀土复合肥和稀土元素镧、铈、铒的化合物对蚕豆根尖细胞具有一定的遗传毒性作用和细胞毒性作用,在施用稀土微肥和使用稀土制品时应引起重视。 Abstract：This paper presents the study of genetic toxicity and cell toxicity that is give n by rare earth multi-element compound fertilizer and a chemical compound of rar e earth elements-La3＋、Ce4＋、Er3＋ in root tip cells of Vicia faba.The technique used is micronucleus in root tip cells of Vicia faba.The experiment statistical result shows that both the rare earth compound fertilizer and the three kinds of rare earth elements can cause micronucleus ef fect and under certain concentration,they can hurt cells, affect root tip gro wth .The micronucleus effect of the rare earth compound fertilizer shows a clear relation of dosage-effect. The conclusion is that rare earth compound fertilize r and the chemical compound of rare earth elements La3＋、Ce4＋、E r3＋cause certain genetic toxicity and cell toxicity effect to root tip cells of Vicia faba.Therefore a close attention should be paid when the rar e earth multi-fertilizer and other things made by rare earth are used.     

NaCl胁迫对大麦细胞分裂及染色体行为的影响

NaCl溶液培养导致大麦幼苗根尖细胞有丝分裂指数下降,细胞姐妹染色单体交换(SCE)频率增高,且诱发包括染色体断片、后期染色体桥、不均等分裂及间期细胞微核等的染色体行为异常。细胞平均SCE频率及异常分裂细胞的比率与NaCl浓度和作用时间呈正相关。结果提示：NaCl浓度高或作用时间较长时对大麦细胞具有遗传学毒性。 Abstract：The effects of NaCl solution on chromosome behavior and sister chromatid exchanges(SCE)of barley were studied.Abnormal chromosome behavior including chromosome fragmentation,micronuclei,anaphase bridges and unequal split was found in root tip cells of Hordeum vulgare seedlings.Mitotic index decreased but SCE frequency increased significantly when barley incubated with NaCl solution.The effects of NaCl solution depended on its concentration and treatment duration.The higher the treated concentration was,the higher the ratio of chromosomal aberration was.The longer the treatment duration was,the higher the degree of the effects was.The results showed that NaCl solution was genotoxic when the concentration was higher and the treated time was longer.     

重铬酸钾对蚕豆根尖细胞致畸效应的研究

以蚕豆根尖为材料,研究重铬酸钾对蚕豆根尖细胞的致畸效应。采用蚕豆根尖细胞的微核试验和染色体畸变试验方法,以不同浓度的重铬酸钾为诱变剂,测定蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率和染色体畸变率。结果表明:重铬酸钾能诱发较高频率的微核率,即在一定浓度范围内,其微核率随重铬酸钾处理浓度的升高而增加,但高于一定浓度后反而呈下降趋势;不同浓度的重铬酸钾均使蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数增大;重铬酸钾还能诱导蚕豆根尖细胞产生较高频率的染色体畸变,且产生多种类型的染色体畸变。结论是重铬酸钾对蚕豆根尖细胞具有明显的致畸效应。     

辐照大麦M~1花粉母细胞染色体畸变及其与M~2 性状变异的关系

大麦种子经5种不同剂量γ射线辐照后, M1植株的花粉母细胞出现多种染色体畸变类型,例如后Ⅰ、后Ⅱ中出现桥、落后,后Ⅰ中出现不对称分裂,后Ⅱ中出现不同步分裂,中期Ⅰ出现环状四价体,末期Ⅰ中有三极分裂和微核,四分体中出现微核且有的微核独立于四分体,从而形成多分体。花粉母细胞的染色体畸变率随剂量的增高而升高,二者呈极显著直线相关关系。 M1花粉母细胞的染色体畸变率与M2的叶绿素突变率及农艺性状变异率呈显著或极显著指数函数关系。 M2花粉母细胞的染色体畸变率低于M1。 Abstract:Barley seeds were irradiated with five different doses of 60 Co-γ ray.There were many kinds of chromosome aberration in pollen mother cells,such as bridge,laggards in anaphase I and anaphase II,asymmetrical division in anaphase I and asynchronous division in anaphase II,ring quadrivalent in metaphase I,three pole division and micro-nuclei in telophase I,micro-nuclei in tetrad and some micro-nucleus separates from the tetrad to form polyad.The frequency of chromosome aberration in pollen mother cells of M1 increased with the increase of dose.There was a significant linear relationship between them.The frequencies of agronomic character mutation and chlorophyll mutation in M2 significantly correlated with the frequencies of chromosome aberration in pollen mother cells of M1 and showed an exponential function.The chromosome aberration frequency in pollen mother cells of M2 was lower than that of M1.     

乙酸铜对蚕豆根尖细胞致畸效应

采用蚕豆根尖细胞的微核试验和染色体畸变试验方法,以不同浓度的乙酸铜为诱变剂,选择不同的处理时间,测定蚕豆根尖细胞的有丝分裂指数、微核率和染色体畸变率。结果表明：乙酸铜能诱发较高频率的微核率,处理6h、12h时微核率均随着乙酸铜浓度的升高而增加,具有明显的剂量效应;处理24h时在实验浓度范围内,其微核率随乙酸铜浓度的升高而增加,但高于一定浓度后反而呈下降趋势。不同浓度的乙酸铜在不同处理时间均使蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数增大。乙酸铜还能诱导蚕豆根尖细胞产生较高频率的染色体畸变,且产生多种类型的染色体畸变。因此,乙酸铜对蚕豆根尖细胞具有明显的致畸效应。     

葡萄花药三倍体植株的倍性鉴定

用卡宝品红染色法检查格列那什二倍体葡萄(Vitis vinifera var. Cre nache)花药再生植株的染色体, 并用UNICHRO软件对其数目及长度进行了测量。结果表明,这些花药植株根尖中染色体组型为2n=3x=57的细胞平均占观察细胞总数的86.5%,来自不同花药的再生殖株均为三倍体。讨论了这些植株的可能来源。 Abstrart:The chromosome number in the root tip of triploid plants regenerated from anther culture of diploid Vitis vinifera var.Grenache were examined with Carbolfuchsin staining method and the length of chromosomes were measured with UNICHRO package.The results show that average pecentage of cells which have a karyotype for 2n=3x=57 in root tip of pollen plants were 86.5% in the total number of cells observed,the plants regenerated from different anthers are triploid.Their possible origin is discussed.     

褐藻寡糖抗环磷酰胺诱导蚕豆根尖的细胞遗传毒性

采用蚕豆根尖细胞的微核试验和染色体畸变试验方法,测定不同浓度的褐藻寡糖对环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CP)诱导的蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率、有丝分裂指数和染色体畸变率的影响。结果表明:褐藻寡糖能有效抑制环磷酰胺诱导的蚕豆根尖细胞微核的产生,即在一定浓度范围内,微核率随褐藻寡糖处理浓度的降低而减少,但低于一定浓度后反而呈上升趋势;不同浓度的褐藻寡糖均可使蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数增大;褐藻寡糖还能有效降低蚕豆根尖细胞染色体畸变率。因此,褐藻寡糖对蚕豆根尖细胞具有明显的诱抗活性和调节细胞分裂生长的效应。     

硫酸铜对蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响

以蚕豆根尖为材料,研究硫酸铜对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传毒性效应。采用蚕豆根尖细胞的微核试验方法和染色体畸变试验方法,以不同浓度的硫酸铜为诱变剂,测定蚕豆根尖细胞的有丝分裂指数、微核率和染色体畸变率。结果表明:不同浓度的硫酸铜均能使蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数明显增加,即5个实验组的分裂指数均明显高于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.001);不同浓度的硫酸铜对蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂各期百分数的影响有异;能诱发较高频率的微核率,即在一定浓度范围内,其微核率随硫酸铜处理浓度的升高而增加,但随着硫酸铜浓度的进一步升高而呈下降趋势;硫酸铜还能诱导染色体产生多种类型的畸变,染色体畸变率随硫酸铜处理浓度的升高而增加,随着硫酸铜浓度的进一步升高而呈下降趋势,但均明显高于对照组(P<0.001)。结论是硫酸铜对蚕豆根尖细胞具有明显的遗传毒性效应。     

应用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术研究 黑叶猴染色体易位

本文应用染色体荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术,利用人9号和14号染色体特异探针,对深低温冻存和长期传代的黑叶猴细胞株染色体畸变进行了分析。确定在长期冻存和传代过程中,一些黑叶猴细胞在No.12和No.17染色体之间发生了易位,一条 No.17染色体发生断裂,断裂点在17q13,断裂片段17q13-17qter易位到一条 No.12染色体长臂末端,形成一条小的中着丝粒的和一条具较长长臂的衍生染色体即 der(17) 和 der(12)。结果表明,荧光原位杂交技术用人染色体特异探针不仅能检测出人类染色体畸变,也能有效地检测灵长类动物染色体畸变。 Abstract　In this paper,the chromosome aberration of long-term cryopreserved and subcultured Francois' monkey (Semnopithecus francoisi) cell line(KCB 92008) was analyzed by fluoresence in situ hybridizaton (FISH) using human 9 and 14 chromosome DNA probes. After compared the hybridization pattern with the G-banding pattern on the same metaphase,a translocation between Nos.12 and 17 chromosomes was identified. In some Francois'monkey cells,one of chromosome No.17 was broken into two at the breakpoint 17q13,the segment(17q13-17qter) without centromere transfered to the long arm terminal of one chromosome No.12. Thus,two derivant chromosomes der(12) and der(17) were formed,the long arm of der(12) was longer than the normal partner,while the long arm of der(17) was shorter than the normal one. The result indicated that the technique of FISH using human whole chromosome probes was not only a powerful tool to detect human chromosome rearrangements,but also a usefulmethod to study the primate chromosome aberration.