HepaCAM联合藏红花素抑制前列腺癌细胞PC3迁移活性的研究

为研究肝细胞黏附分子(hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule,hepa CAM)联合藏红花素(crocin)对前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)细胞PC3上皮间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)及侵袭转移的影响,采用细胞免疫荧光观察迁移相关蛋白的表达情况;划痕实验检测细胞侵袭转移能力;Transwell实验检测细胞体外迁移能力;实时荧光定量PCR、Western blotting检测EMT相关分子及基质金属蛋白酶-2(matrix metalloproteinase 2,MMP-2)和MMP-9的表达变化。实验显示,hepaCAM过表达腺病毒与藏红花素均可有效抑制PC3细胞的侵袭转移(p0.01),两者联用比单独应用效果更加明显(p0.01)。Q-PCR显示,过表达hepaCAM联合藏红花素组与单独处理组相比,MMP-2、MMP-9及波形蛋白(vimentin,VIM)mRNA表达水平下调更显著(p0.01);E-钙粘蛋白(E-cadherin,E-CA)m RNA水平上调更加明显(p0.01)。Western blotting显示,与过表达hepa CAM组或藏红花素组相比,两者联用组MMP-2、MMP-9、VIM蛋白表达量明显降低(p0.01),同时E-CA蛋白水平上调更加明显(p0.01)。因此得出以下结论,hepaCAM过表达腺病毒联合藏红花素可显著抑制PC3细胞的侵袭转移,作用机制或与EMT和MMPs的表达有关。     

果蝇组蛋白去乙酰化酶HDAC1和HDAC3选择性调控形态发生素靶基因转录

在真核细胞中,组蛋白的乙酰化状态对于基因转录的正常进行具有重要的调控作用。组蛋白的乙酰化修饰由组蛋白乙酰转移酶(histone acetyltransferases,HATs)执行,这种修饰是动态的、可逆的,负责去乙酰化修饰的酶是组蛋白去乙酰化酶(histone deacetylases,HDACs),推测HDACs可能通过影响组蛋白的乙酰化状态在基因的转录过程中发挥调控作用。该文以组蛋白去乙酰化酶HDAC1和HDAC3为对象,研究了它们在果蝇翅膀发育过程中对Wg(Wingless)、Hh(Hedgehog)以及Dpp(Decapentaplegic)信号通路下游靶基因转录的调控作用。结果发现,HDAC1功能缺失可导致Dpp下游靶基因Omb(optomotor-blind)和Hh下游靶基因Ptc(patched)的表达上调。Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-q PCR)结果显示,在HDAC1基因敲除的果蝇中,Ptc、Ci(cubitus interruptus)以及Omb的转录水平增加。HDAC3缺失导致Sal(spalt)的表达上调。RT-q PCR结果证实了HDAC3基因敲除果蝇的Sal转录增加,同时发现Vg(vestigial)的转录下降。而过表达HDAC1或HDAC3对下游靶基因的表达则没有影响。综上所述,该研究表明,HDAC1和HDAC3可以选择性地调控形态发生素下游靶基因的转录。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)及其在植物中的作用

组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)是一个在真核生物(包括酵母、哺乳动物和植物)中广泛存在的超基因家族。HDACs与组蛋白乙酰基转移酶(HATs)共同作用来调节组蛋白乙酰化的状态,从而影响染色体的结构和功能,调节基因的转录和细胞的多种功能。目前,人们对植物HDACs的研究逐渐增多,很多HDAC基因在不同植物中得到鉴定和研究。综述了HDACs的分类以及在植物生长发育和胁迫反应中的作用,旨在为进一步研究HDAC在植物中的表观遗传调控机理以及培育抗逆新品种奠定理论基础。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶6抑制剂治疗缺血性脑卒中的研究进展

组蛋白乙酰化酶(histone acetyltransferases,HATs)和组蛋白去乙酰化酶(histone deacetylases,HDACs)主导的蛋白质乙酰化修饰在神经系统的发育、成熟中具有重要地位。HDAC6属于Ⅱ类HDACs,能够调节神经细胞的存活、分化和成熟,参与脑认知和情绪调控,在神经系统发育中具有重要作用,并且参与脑缺血损伤的多个病理环节。本文总结了近年来国内外最新研究成果,阐述了HDAC6抑制剂通过降低细胞兴奋性毒性、减轻氧化应激损伤、抑制炎症介质释放、抑制神经细胞凋亡以及促进神经再生和血管新生等多种方式对缺血性脑卒中发挥有效的神经保护作用。     

组蛋白7通过抑制基质金属蛋白10维持血管完整性

心血管系统的发生及其稳态的维持需要内皮细胞及平滑肌细胞形成紧密连接、相互作用、相互调节。组蛋白的乙酰化可改变染色体结构,调节基因表达,组蛋白脱乙酰基酶（HDACs）是其重要调节分子。Chang等发现在胚胎发育早期,HDAC7特定表达于血管内皮中。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDAC）在间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成脂分化过程中的表达及HDAC11的作用

组蛋白去乙酰化酶（histone deacetylase, HDAC）通过参与调节组蛋白乙酰化修饰调控基因表达. 研究发现多种HDAC参与成脂分化,但其机制尚不清楚. 本研究旨在探讨间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2成脂分化过程中组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDAC）的表达变化及其对成脂分化的影响. 本研究首先建立了C3H10T1/2体外成脂分化的模型并以油红O染色鉴定成功诱导成脂分化. PCR检测C3H10T1/2细胞成脂分化过程中11种HDAC的变化趋势,发现成脂分化过程中,HDAC1、2、5、9和10的mRNA表达量下降而HDAC3、6、8和11的mRNA表达量明显上升,其中HDAC11上升最为显著. 进一步通过RNA干扰沉默HDAC11表达, PCR检测成脂分化的关键转录因子PPARγ2和成脂标志物Perilipin、Adipoq 的mRNA表达量下降,但Fabp4表达变化不明显. 油红O染色结果表明,诱导C3H10T1/2成脂分化过程中,干扰HDAC11表达,胞浆内脂滴形成数量减少,成脂分化受到抑制. 总之,我们实验的结果提示C3H10T1/2细胞成脂分化伴随着多种HDAC表达的变化,其中HDAC11的增加最显著,干扰HDAC11的表达可以抑制C3H10T1/2细胞的成脂分化.     

Ⅱa类组蛋白去乙酰化酶及抑制剂在胰岛素抵抗与糖尿病中的潜在作用

Ⅱ类组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)包括HDAC4、5、7和9,它们能够发生磷酸化作用和介导核质转位。HDACs在肝、脂肪组织中的糖脂代谢中发挥作用,可加重胰岛素抵抗程度和糖尿病进展。Ⅱ类HDACs抑制剂目前已成为研究热点,旨在抑制酶活性,改善代谢和胰岛素敏感性。     

Ⅱa类组蛋白去乙酰化酶及抑制剂在胰岛素抵抗与糖尿病中的潜在作用（英文）

Ⅱ类组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)包括HDAC4、5、7和9,它们能够发生磷酸化作用和介导核质转位。HDACs在肝、脂肪组织中的糖脂代谢中发挥作用,可加重胰岛素抵抗程度和糖尿病进展。Ⅱ类HDACs抑制剂目前已成为研究热点,旨在抑制酶活性,改善代谢和胰岛素敏感性。     

阿糖胞苷通过抑制HDAC6促进白血病细胞K562凋亡的机制研究

为了探讨阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)通过组蛋白乙酰化酶6(HDAC6)影响人红白血病K562细胞株凋亡作用及可能的机制。采用CCK-8法检测不同浓度的Ara-C作用24h后检测细胞活力;流式细胞术(FCM)检测细胞凋亡率;Hoechest染色观察细胞核染色质的形态;RT-PCR检测HDAC1-6基因的表达变化;Western blotting检测HDAC6、p38和p-p38的蛋白表达。CCK-8检测显示不同浓度的Ara-C能抑制K562细胞的活力,并呈浓度依赖性;FCM检测显示Ara-C能增加细胞的凋亡率;Hoechest染色发现Ara-C组细胞呈凋亡形态学改变;RT-PCR检测显示Ara-C能降低HDAC1、HDAC2和HDAC6的表达;FCM和Hoechest染色发现HDAC抑制能增强Ara-C诱导K562细胞凋亡;Western blotting检测发现Ara-C能降低HDAC6,增加磷酸化p38和激活型Caspase-3表达。可见Ara-C能够通过抑制HDAC6激活p38,诱导K562细胞发生凋亡。     

三氧化二砷对MRL/lpr狼疮鼠脾脏淋巴细胞组蛋白乙酰化的影响

观察三氧化二砷(arsenic trioxide,ATO)对MRL/lpr狼疮鼠脾脏淋巴细胞组蛋白H3乙酰化水平的影响以及对组蛋白乙酰基转移酶(histone acetyltransferases,HATs)和组蛋白去乙酰化酶(histone deacetylases,HDACs)活性的影响。将20周龄MRL/lpr狼疮鼠和正常C57BL/6J小鼠无菌条件下取出脾脏,配制成脾脏淋巴细胞悬液。体外经PHA-P(20μg/ml)和IL-2(1000 U/ml)常规刺激48 h后,随机分为3组:ATO组;曲古抑菌素(Trichostatin A,TSA)组;RPMI 1640组。继续培养24 h。免疫印迹法测定乙酰化组蛋白H3的表达量;酶活性试剂盒分别测定HAT和HDAC活性。结果显示在MRL/lpr狼疮鼠中RPMI 1640组、ATO组、TSA组组蛋白H3乙酰化水平分别为0.46±0.06、O.87±0.02、1.6±0.13(n=3),且差异具有显著的统计学意义(P0.01);ATO和TSA能明显降低HDAC活性(P0.01);而对于HAT,三组间两两相比差异无统计学意义;ATO组和TSA组HDAC/HAT的比值明显低于RPMI 1640组。而在C57BL/6J小鼠中,ATO组和RPMI 1640组之间以上指标均无差异。研究结果表明AT0能明显抑制MRL/lpr狼疮鼠脾脏淋巴细胞的HDAC活性,下调HDAC/HAT的比值,提高组蛋白H3的乙酰化水平,而对正常小鼠并无明显影响。     

The Antiparasitic Clioquinol Induces Apoptosis in Leukemia and Myeloma Cells by Inhibiting Histone Deacetylase Activity

The antiparasitic clioquinol (CQ) represents a class of novel anticancer drugs by interfering with proteasome activity. In the present study, we found that CQ induced blood cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs). CQ accumulated the acetylation levels of several key proteins including histone H3 (H3), p53, HSP90, and α-tubulin. In the mechanistic study, CQ was found to down-regulate HDAC1, -3, -4, and -5 in both myeloma and leukemia cells. Computer modeling analysis revealed that CQ was well docked into the active pocket of the enzyme, where the oxygen and nitrogen atoms in CQ formed stable coordinate bonds with the zinc ion, and the hydroxyl group from CQ formed an effective hydrogen bond with Asp-267. Moreover, co-treatment with CQ and zinc/copper chloride led to decreased Ac-H3. Furthermore, CQ inhibited the activity of Class I and IIa HDACs in the cell-free assays, demonstrating that CQ interfered with HDAC activity. By inhibiting HDAC activity, CQ induced expression of p21, p27, and p53, cell cycle arrest at G₁ phase, and cell apoptosis. This study suggested that the HDAC enzymes are targets of CQ, which provided a novel insight into the molecular mechanism of CQ in the treatment of hematological malignancies.     

Role of class I and class II histone deacetylases in carcinoma cells using siRNA

The role of the individual histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation was investigated using siRNA-mediated protein knockdown. The siRNA for HDAC3 and HDAC1 demonstrated significant morphological changes in HeLa S3 consistent with those observed with HDAC inhibitors. SiRNA for HDAC 4 or 7 produced no morphological changes in HeLa S3 cells. HDAC1 and 3 siRNA produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of HeLa cell proliferation; whereas, HDAC4 and 7 siRNA showed no effect. HDAC3 siRNA caused histone hyperacetylation and increased the percent of apoptotic cells. These results demonstrate that the Class I HDACs such as HDACs 1 and 3 are important in the regulation of proliferation and survival in cancer cells. These results and the positive preclinical results with non-specific inhibitors of the HDAC enzymes provide further support for the development of Class I selective HDAC inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.     

Complementary roles for histone deacetylases 1, 2, and 3 in differentiation of pluripotent stem cells

Abstract In eukaryotic cells, covalent modifications to core histones contribute to the establishment and maintenance of cellular phenotype via regulation of gene expression. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) cooperate with histone deacetylases (HDACs) to establish and maintain specific patterns of histone acetylation. HDAC inhibitors can cause pluripotent stem cells to cease proliferating and enter terminal differentiation pathways in culture. To better define the roles of individual HDACs in stem cell differentiation, we have constructed "dominant-negative" stem cell lines expressing mutant, Flag-tagged HDACs with reduced enzymatic activity. Replacement of a single residue (His→Ala) in the catalytic center reduced the activity of HDACs 1 and 2 by 80%, and abolished HDAC3 activity; the mutant HDACs were expressed at similar levels and in the same multiprotein complexes as wild-type HDACs. Hexamethylene bisacetamide-induced MEL cell differentiation was potentiated by the individual mutant HDACs, but only to 2%, versus 60% for an HDAC inhibitor, sodium butyrate, suggesting that inhibition of multiple HDACs is required for full potentiation. Cultured E14.5 cortical stem cells differentiate to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes upon withdrawal of basic fibroblast growth factor. Transduction of stem cells with mutant HDACs 1, 2, or 3 shifted cell fate choice toward oligodendrocytes. Mutant HDAC2 also increased differentiation to astrocytes, while mutant HDAC1 reduced differentiation to neurons by 50%. These results indicate that HDAC activity inhibits differentiation to oligodendrocytes, and that HDAC2 activity specifically inhibits differentiation to astrocytes, while HDAC1 activity is required for differentiation to neurons.     

Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) 10 Suppresses Cervical Cancer Metastasis through Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 Expression

Aberrant expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is associated with carcinogenesis. Some HDAC inhibitors are widely considered as promising anticancer therapeutics. A major obstacle for development of HDAC inhibitors as highly safe and effective anticancer therapeutics is that our current knowledge on the contributions of different HDACs in various cancer types remains scant. Here we report that the expression level of HDAC10 was significantly lower in patients exhibiting lymph node metastasis compared with that in patients lacking lymph node metastasis in human cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Forced expression of HDAC10 in cervical cancer cells significantly inhibited cell motility and invasiveness in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, HDAC10 suppresses expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 genes, which are known to be critical for cancer cell invasion and metastasis. At the molecular level, HDAC10 binds to MMP2 and -9 promoter regions, reduces the histone acetylation level, and inhibits the binding of RNA polymerase II to these regions. Furthermore, an HDAC10 mutant lacking histone deacetylase activity failed to mimic the functions of full-length protein. These results identify a critical role of HDAC10 in suppression of cervical cancer metastasis, underscoring the importance of developing isoform-specific HDAC inhibitors for treatment of certain cancer types such as cervical squamous cell carcinoma.     

Down-regulation of human DAB2IP gene expression mediated by polycomb Ezh2 complex and histone deacetylase in prostate cancer

Human DAB2IP (hDAB2IP), a novel GTPase-activating protein modulating the Ras-mediated signaling and tumor necrosis factor-mediated apoptosis, is a potent growth inhibitor in human prostate cancer (PCa). Loss of hDAB2IP expression in PCa is due to altered epigenetic regulation (i.e. DNA methylation and histone modification) of its promoter region. The elevated polycomb Ezh2, a histone methyltransferase, has been associated with PCa progression. In this study, we have demonstrated that an increased Ezh2 expression in normal prostatic epithelial cells can suppress hDAB2IP gene expression. In contrast, knocking down the endogenous Ezh2 levels in PCa by a specific small interfering RNA can increase hDAB2IP expression. The association of Ezh2 complex (including Eed and Suz12) with hDAB2IP gene promoter is also detected in PCa cells but not in normal prostatic epithelial cells. Increased Ezh2 expression in normal prostatic epithelial cells by cDNA transfection facilitates the recruitment of other components of Ezh2 complex to the hDAB2IP promoter region accompanied with the increased levels of methyl histone H3 (H3) and histone deacetylase (HDAC1). Consistently, data from PCa cells transfected with Ezh2 small interfering RNA demonstrated that reduced Ezh2 levels resulted in the dissociation of Ezh2 complex accompanied with decreased levels of both methyl H3 and HDAC1 from hDAB2IP gene promoter. We further unveiled that the methylation status of Lys-27 but not Lys-9 of H3 in hDAB2IP promoter region is consistent with the hDAB2IP levels in both normal prostatic epithelial cells and PCa cells. Together, we conclude that hDAB2IP gene is a target gene of Ezh2 in prostatic epithelium, which provides an underlying mechanism of the down-regulation of hDAB2IP gene in PCa.