^1HMRS在定性诊断乙肝后早期肝硬化中的初步研究

目的：研究慢性乙型肝炎后早期肝硬化患者的氢质子磁共振波谱图像特点,旨在探讨^1HMRS成像技术诊断慢乙肝后早期肝硬化的可行性,为早期肝硬化的定性诊断提供新的方法。方法：首先,筛选出15例健康志愿者及15例慢乙肝后早期肝硬化患者。并将15例患者依据肝穿结果分为S2期、S3期和S4期三组;然后,对15例健康志愿者及15例慢乙肝后肝硬化组患者进行常规MRI扫描,包括三平面定位,横断面T1加权像（T1WI）、T2加权像（T2WI）,于T2WI上选取感兴趣区进行单体素氢质子波谱扫描。分别采集各化合物峰,通过GE公司波谱分析软件校正,测量各波峰峰值和峰下面积,分析正常组和病例组各波峰和峰下面积变化特征。结果：正常组均得到谷氨酸和谷氨酰氨复合物（glumatic acid and glutamylamnnia complex,GIX）峰与胆碱／磷酸肌酸（choline／phosphoric creatine acid,Cho／Pcr）峰,病例纽除上述两峰外,还得到乳酸（Lactate,Lac）峰和脂质（Lipid,Lip）峰。经统计学分析正常组与病例组Glx、Cho／Pcr峰值及峰下面积无明显差异（P〉0．05）,而Lac、Lip峰值及峰下面积有差异统计学意义（P〈0.05）。病例组内的S2、S3及S4期三组各自的Glx、Cho／Pcr、Lac、Lip峰值及峰下面积差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：1H磁共振波谱成像技术是一种非创伤性定性检测慢乙肝后早期肝硬化的方法。     

1H-MRS评估慢性肝病脑部代谢异常与肝硬化的相关性

目的:利用~1H-MRS研究慢性肝病脑部代谢改变,并探讨~1H-MRS评估慢性肝病脑部代谢异常与肝硬化Child-Pugh分级的相关性。方法:选取经临床确诊为慢性肝炎肝硬化患者42例(child A 19例,child B14例,child C 9例)及健康志愿者15例(对照组),行磁共振平扫及磁共振单体素~1H-MRS检查,计算相关代谢物N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、谷氨酰胺复合物(Glx)、胆碱(Cho)、肌醇(mI)和肌酸(Cr)的峰下面积及前四项指标与Cr的比值(NAA/Cr、Glx/Cr、Cho/Cr、mI/Cr),并进行统计学分析,同时对相关代谢物的变化与肝硬化Child-Pugh分级及肝硬化Child-Pugh分级与肝性脑病的关系进行相关性分析。结果:~1HMRS分析显示与正常对照组相比,慢性肝炎肝硬化组Glx/Cr值升高,Cho/Cr与mI/Cr值降低,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);不同程度肝硬化病例组对比显示,Glx/Cr值均随着肝硬化程度加重而增大,且Glx/Cr值的差异在child A、child B、child C组中均有统计学意义(P0.05);肝性脑病(HE)组与非肝性脑病组脑代谢物峰下面积比值Glx/Cr、Cho/Cr、mI/Cr比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Child-Pugh分级与Glx/Cr呈正相关,与Cho/Cr、mI/Cr呈负相关;随着肝硬化程度加重,肝性脑病出现概率越高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:~1H-MRS作为一种无创性的评价手段,能够反映慢性肝硬化及肝性脑病患者存在脑代谢物浓度异常改变,可作为早期诊断肝硬化、肝性脑病及评价肝硬化、肝性脑病严重程度的一项指标,在一定程度上评估肝性脑病与肝硬化分级具有相关性。     

兔实验性肝性脑病1H磁共振波谱初步研究

目的:研究兔实验性肝性脑病1H磁共振波谱(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)变化。方法:将24只兔子随机分三组:对照组,肝硬化组,肝性脑病组,各8只。肝性脑病组采用四氯化碳(CCl4)联合内毒素方法制作肝性脑病兔子模型,肝硬化组采用CCl4制作肝硬化模型。分别在第4、6、8、10、12周取肝脏病理活检,第12周测量血氨值,并进行兔子脑组织的MRS扫描。计算N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(N-acetyl asparte,NAA)、肌酸(creatine,Cr)、胆碱(choline,Cho)、肌醇(myo-inositol,mI)和谷氨酰胺复合物(glutamine and glutamate,Glx)的峰下面积,计算NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、mI/Cr、Glx/Cr。结果:与对照组及肝硬化组相比,肝性脑病组兔血氨上升,脑部MRS显示Glx/Cr升高,Cho/Cr降低,差异显著(P0.05)。与对照组相比,肝硬化组血氨以及MRS改变无统计学意义。结论:兔实验性肝性脑病1H磁共振波谱存在变化。     

3.0T 1H-MRS对脑胶质瘤及脑转移瘤的鉴别诊断

目的：利用3.0T氢质子磁共振波谱对胶质瘤和转移瘤的肿瘤组织区、瘤周水肿区进行细胞代谢物水平的检测,试图找出胶质瘤和脑转移瘤的鉴别诊断的依据,以及胶质瘤高、低级别组间的差别。方法：对经病理证实的20例高级别胶质瘤组、16例低级别胶质瘤组和19例脑转移瘤组患者,先行MRI平扫及增强扫描,波谱均在增强扫描的基础上获得,使用MR点分辨波谱序列,检测肿瘤组织区、瘤周水肿组织区NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho、NAA、Cho、Cr、Lip/Lac等值,进行比较。结果：（1）高级别胶质瘤与转移瘤在肿瘤组织区NAA/Cr代谢物浓度的比值有统计学意义。（2）高、低级别胶质瘤肿瘤组织内Cho/Cr比值有统计学意义。（3）转移瘤与高、低级别胶质瘤在瘤周水肿区NAA/Cr,以及低级别胶质瘤与转移瘤Cho/Cr代谢物浓度的比值有统计学意义;高级别胶质瘤与转移瘤瘤周区NAA代谢物浓度有明显差异。（4）胶质瘤高、低级别组间在肿瘤周围区NAA峰、Cho峰及NAA/Cho Cho/Cr代谢物浓度比值有统计学意义。（5）高级别胶质瘤和转移瘤分别与低级别胶质瘤在肿瘤组织区及瘤周水肿区Lip/Lac有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论：利用氢质子波谱可对胶质瘤和转移瘤进行鉴别诊断;Cho/Cr及NAA/Cho比值可对胶质瘤进行分级;Lip/Lac峰的出现与肿瘤的恶性度呈正相关,但不特异。     

弥散加权成像联合磁共振波谱分析在脑梗死中的应用研究

目的探讨脑梗死弥散加权成像（DWI）和磁共振波谱分析（MRS）的特点和影响因素,及二者对评估脑梗死的临床价值。方法采用Philips Achieva 1.5T双梯度超导磁共振扫描仪,对72例临床疑是脑梗死患者行常规T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR、DWI、MRS检查,在工作站上测定梗死核心区、内缘区、外缘区、周围区和镜像区的ADC值和代谢物Lac、NAA、Cr、Cho、NAA/Cr、Lac/Cr、Lac/NAA值。结果 DWI显示的梗死灶范围较常规MRI像更加准确、清晰;超急性期、急性期、亚急性期和慢性期梗死核心区的Lac/Cr值和Lac/NAA值高于对侧镜像区,ADC值和NAA/Cr值低于对侧镜像区,存在统计学差异（P〈0.05）;DWI的影响因素有b值、扩散系数、T2穿透效应和各向异性等,MRS的影响因素有磁场均匀性、压水压脂性能、体素、TE与TR、组织代谢物浓度和波谱采集链等。结论 DWI结合MRS能更加全面地评估缺血半暗带,更精确地对脑梗死进行分期和定位。     

中度以上抑郁症患者额叶扣带回~1H-MRS分析

目的:探讨1.5T磁共振1H-MRS波谱成像技术在中度以上抑郁症患者诊断中的临床价值。方法:选取经1H-MRS扫描的124例中度以上抑郁症患者和100名健康志愿者(对照组),采用MRS分析软件分别测量患者组和对照组额叶扣带回灰质的胆碱(Cho)峰下面积和Cho/Cr(肌酸)比值。结果:中度以上抑郁症患者组Cho峰下面积(9702±1000)明显高于对照组(7040±500)(P0.01),Cho/Cr比值分别为2.11±0.26和1.57±0.32,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:1H-MRS分析能够揭示额叶扣带回细胞膜磷脂代谢的异常,对中度以上抑郁症患者具有客观诊断价值。     

木腐菌氧化酶系检定及漆酶产生的研究

采用丁香醛连氮、苯胺蓝平板脱色等4种方法,定性检测了27种真菌的木素氧化酶系组成。结果表明5个菌种同时具有漆酶(Lac)、木素过氧化物酶(Lip)和锰过氧化物酶(Mnp)3种酶的活性,5个菌种同时具有Lac和Lip2种酶的活性,8个菌种具有1种酶的活性;12个菌种具有Lac活性。选择其中生长速度快、Lac活性高的5个菌种进行Lac产生的研究,发现木蹄层孔菌Fomes fomentarius诱导、静止培养条件下产生的Lac酶活峰值高达9496U/mL,远远高于其它已报道过的菌种;静止培养条件下贝形刺革菌Hymenochaete badio-ferruginea和乳白耙菌Irpexlacteus产Lac,其峰值也分别达到了652和292U/mL,均明显高于其它培养方式,说明木蹄层孔菌等3种真菌静止培养可代替振荡培养进行Lac产生、制备等相关的后续研究。木蹄层孔菌等5种真菌对刚果红等染料脱色作用研究表明,各菌种对4类染料均具有高效广谱的脱色作用。     

磁共振波谱分析与帕金森病患者Hoehn&Yahr分级的相关性研究

目的:探讨磁共振波谱分析(MRS)与帕金森病(PD)HoehnYahr分级之间的相关性。方法:选择2016年9月-2017年8月我院收治的60例PD患者为研究对象,根据HoehnYahr分级将患者分为早期PD组32例、中期PD组18例、晚期PD组10例,并选择同时期在门诊进行健康体检的20例志愿者作为对照组。对各组研究对象的双侧基底节、双侧额叶、双侧丘脑区进行MRS,并分析PD患者HoehnYahr分级与MRS的关系。结果:晚期PD组双侧基底节、双侧额叶、双侧丘脑区NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho、Cho/Cr比值均低于中期PD组、早期PD组、对照组,且中期PD组低于早期PD组、对照组,早期PD组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。通过Spearman相关性分析显示,MRS检测出PD患者NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho、Cho/Cr比值与HoehnYahr分级间呈负相关性(P0.05)。结论:MRS与PD患者的HoehnYahr分级具有负相关性,并且可通过MRS预测患者疾病的严重程度,以对其进行相应的治疗以及预后评估。     

300例慢乙肝病情轻重的相关危险因素临床分析

目的探讨慢乙肝病情轻重程度与相关临床因素的相关性。方法选择300例慢乙肝患者,按照标准分为慢乙肝轻度、中度、重度,慢乙肝重型,肝炎肝硬化五个观察组,分析乙肝病毒DNA载量、中草药干预、饮酒、合并症用药,HBeAg＋/HBeAg-及年龄等因素在不同观察组中的分布情况。结果以上相关因素在慢乙肝重度、肝硬化观察组的分布与轻、中度观察组相比有明显差异;相关因素并存越多,病情越重。结论乙肝病毒DNA载量、中草药干预、饮酒、合并症用药,HBeAg＋/HBeAg-及年龄等与慢乙肝病情轻重之间存在一定的相关性。     

eNOS基因（894G／T）多态性与HBV感染

为探讨HBV感染临床转归与eNOS基因多态性的关系,选择传染科门诊及住院部2002.2-2004.2诊治的无亲缘关系的重庆地区汉族居民2400人,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)及限制性内切酶技术检测eNOS exon7位点894G/T多态性,应用SPSS软件χ2检验进行统计学处理:首先Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验Pa>0.01,表明拟合度优良,收集病例有良好的代表性;其次乙肝病毒携带与其余任何组比较(急乙肝与肝癌组因例数太少除外)等位基因频率与基因型频率Pb<0.05,乙肝病毒携带 慢乙肝组与肝硬化 重症肝炎组等位基因频率与基因型频率比较Pb<0.05。以非条件logistic回归校正年龄及性别因素进行分层分析,在隐性模式和共显性模式下,eNOS基因位点894G/T SNP与HBV感染后疾病的携带状态显著关联。与894G/T和T/T基因型相比,G/G基因型的个体发展为携带状态的易感性显著增高(隐性模式:OR=1.428 95%CI=1.050-1.942;共显性模式:OR=1.310 95%CI=1.025-1.676)。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细