具核梭杆菌对结直肠癌细胞增殖、迁移及上皮间质转化作用的影响

【目的】评估具核梭杆菌对人结直肠癌细胞HCT116和人正常结肠上皮细胞HCoEpiC的增殖、黏附、凋亡、迁移、侵袭和上皮间质转化的影响。【方法】本研究用不同感染复数(MOI)Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 23726感染人结直肠癌细胞HCT116和人正常结肠上皮细胞HCoEpiC,建立感染模型;用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide,MTT]、平板克隆、细胞划痕及侵袭(transwell)实验检测两组细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭的变化;用流式细胞仪检测两组细胞凋亡情况;通过Western blotting检测两组细胞上皮标记物上皮细胞钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、Catenin δ-1蛋白、间充质标记物N-钙粘蛋白(N-cadherin)和波形蛋白(vimentin)表达水平的变化。【结果】F.nucleatum可促进HCT116细胞增殖,诱导HCT116细胞的迁移和侵袭,但不能引起细胞凋亡;可抑制HCoEpiC细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,并加速其凋亡;对HCT116和HCoEpiC细胞表现出很强的粘附能力,致细胞分散和拉长,细胞间粘附减少;使HCT116和HCoEpiC细胞上皮标记物E-cadherin与Catenin δ-1的表达量减少,间充质标记物N-cadherin与vimentin的表达量上升,E-cadherin由细胞膜向细胞质转移。【结论】F.nucleatum可诱导结直肠癌细胞和人正常结肠上皮细胞发生上皮间质转化,但抑制人正常结肠细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,表现出与结直肠癌细胞相反的作用。     

ATAD3A在结直肠癌组织中的表达及其对细胞生长的影响

目的:探讨三磷酸腺苷酶家族蛋白3A(ATAD3A)在结直肠癌组织中的表达情况,并验证其对结直肠癌细胞RKO和HCT116生长的影响。方法:收集结直肠癌患者配对癌与癌旁组织115例,通过免疫组化方式验证ATAD3A在结直肠癌组织与癌旁的表达差异。采用慢病毒转染和si-RNA干涉的方式构建ATAD3A过表达和敲低肠癌细胞系,并采用MTS,流式检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡等方法验证ATAD3A对结直肠癌细胞系RKO和HCT116的影响。结果:ATAD3A在结直肠癌组织中表达较癌旁组织显著升高(P0.001)。在结直肠癌细胞系RKO和HCT116中过表达ATAD3A后,细胞增殖能力明显增强,处于S期的细胞比例明显增加,而且细胞凋亡数量明显减少。反之,在上述肠癌细胞中干涉ATAD3A后,细胞增殖能力减弱,细胞大部分停滞于G1期,而且凋亡细胞数量明显增多。结论:ATAD3A在结直肠癌组织中表达升高,且ATAD3A通过促进细胞增殖、细胞周期进程和抑制细胞凋亡等方式促进肠癌细胞的生长。     

miR-155-TP53INP1调节轴在结直肠癌化疗药物敏感性中的作用机制

摘要 目的：初步揭示miR-155通过靶向调节TP53INP1表达水平影响结直肠癌细胞对5-FU化疗敏感性。方法：将人结肠直肠癌细胞系HCT116进行培养,提取细胞总RNA后,采用miR-155逆转录特异性引物构建反转录体系进行PCR扩增,通过qRT-PCR检测miR-155在5-FU耐药细胞HCT116/FU及敏感细胞株HCT116中的表达情况;取对数生长期细胞,分别转染miR-155mimics、miR-155抑制剂、miR-155阴性对照后,采用CCK-8法检测miR-155对细胞5-FU药物敏感性的影响,双荧光素酶报告基因系统验证miR-155与TP53INP1的靶基因关系,Western blot检测miR-155对 TP53INP1表达的影响。结果：miR-155在HCT116 /Fu细胞中的表达量是HCT116细胞的7.25倍;在相同5-FU浓度时,HCT116+阴性对照的细胞生长抑制率均高于HCT116+mimics、半数抑制浓度显著低于HCT116+mimics,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);TP53INP1是miR-155的靶基因,能显著降低野生型TP53INP1 3''-UTR的荧光素酶活性;转染miR-155 mimics后,TP53INP1的相对表达量显著下降,转染miR-155抑制剂后,TP53INP1的相对表达量显著升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：miR-155水平升高使HCT116细胞对5-FU的敏感性降低,miR-155可能通过靶向调节TP53INP1的表达水平,从而影响结直肠癌细胞对5-FU的敏感性。     

具核梭杆菌通过调节肠道代谢产物丁酸钠上调Cdk1促进结直肠癌发展

该文探讨了肠道微生物具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum,Fn)通过调节代谢产物丁酸钠(NaB)对结直肠癌(CRC)发生发展的影响及其分子机制。提取临床组织RNA和蛋白,RT-qPCR和Western blot检测肿瘤组织与正常/癌旁组织Cdk1的mRNA及蛋白表达,同时检测具核梭杆菌的mRNA的相对水平,并分析其与Cdk1的相关性。具核梭杆菌处理结直肠癌细胞24 h后检测周期相关蛋白Cdk1和P21的表达水平,核磁共振检测培养基上清差异代谢物。不同浓度差异代谢物NaB处理结直肠癌细胞DLD-1、SW480、HCT116,使用MTT和克隆形成实验检测DLD-1、SW480、HCT116增殖能力。流式细胞术检测NaB对结直肠癌细胞SW480周期阻滞位点,Western blot检测周期相关蛋白Cdk1、P21、C-myc的表达水平。流式细胞术检测NaB处理后结直肠癌细胞SW480凋亡率变化情况,Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白Cleaved-Casepase3、Cleaved-PARP、Bcl-2的表达水平。采用MTT实验检测不同MOI具核梭杆菌作用结直肠癌细胞4、8、24 h后对其增殖能力的影响。将结直肠癌细胞与具核梭杆菌共培养24 h,Western blot检测相关蛋白Cdk1、c-myc、Cleaved-Caspase3的表达情况。结果显示,在肿瘤组织中Cdk1蛋白水平和mRNA水平均明显高于正常/癌旁组织(P0.05),并且Cdk1与具核梭杆菌mRNA表达水平存在一定相关性。具核梭杆菌处理结直肠癌细胞DLD-1和HCT116后,Western blot结果显示Cdk1和P21蛋白水平上升。核磁共振结果表明,菌处理组代谢模式与未处理组存在明显差异,主要代谢物NaB相对含量明显低于未处理组(P0.01)。使用1 mmol/L NaB处理结直肠癌细胞系DLD-1、SW480、HCT116 24 h后,细胞生存率分别为(89.18±1.92)%、(85.07±0.61)%、(83.59±2.18)%,且随着药物浓度升高,药物对细胞活性的抑制率逐步上升。同时,经1 mmol/L NaB处理后,DLD-1、HCT116和SW480细胞的克隆形成率相比于对照分别下降了(20.07±4.85)%、(36.47±5.31)%、(31.13±5.22)%。流式检测细胞周期显示,NaB引起结直肠癌细胞S期阻滞。NaB处理结直肠癌细胞24 h后,周期相关蛋白P21表达水平上升,Cdk1、C-myc蛋白表达水平下降(P0.05)。流式检测细胞凋亡显示,NaB引起结直肠癌细胞SW480凋亡增加。NaB处理结直肠癌细胞24 h后,凋亡相关蛋白Cleaved-Casepase3、Cleaved-PARP表达水平上升,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达水平下降。MOI=50的具核梭杆菌分别处理结直肠癌细胞SW480、HCT116 4 h后,细胞增殖率分别增加了(4.45±0.25)%、(2.61±0.75)%;并且随着具核梭杆菌MOI的增加和处理时间的延长,结直肠癌细胞的增殖率逐渐上升。将SW480细胞与HCT116细胞与具核梭杆菌共培养24 h,Western blot结果显示,具核梭杆菌感染促进了周期相关蛋白Cdk1、C-myc的表达,而其与NaB共同处理时则大大减弱了这一作用;NaB诱导Caspase3的剪切,导致Cleaved-Caspase3表达增加,而具核梭杆菌感染则减弱了这一作用。综上所述,肠道微生物具核梭杆菌通过调节肠道代谢物NaB上调Cdk1,促进结直肠癌细胞增殖,抑制结直肠癌细胞凋亡,进而影响结直肠癌的发生发展。     

RTN4对于结肠癌细胞增殖的调控作用

2018年全球癌症统计调查显示,结直肠癌约占患癌新病例的12.1%。因此,寻找新的结肠癌发生有关的基因,发现新的治疗靶点显得尤为迫切。通过数据库分析发现,RTN4基因的表达水平与结肠癌患者生存率的相关性具有统计学意义。针对RTN4基因构建其干扰质粒,将慢病毒作为载体转染结肠癌HCT116细胞中构建敲低RTN4的结肠癌细胞系,最后检测了低表达后RTN4基因的细胞增殖。结果发现,敲低RTN4基因后显著促进了结肠癌细胞HCT116的增殖,研究通过Western blot观察敲低RTN4后HCT116细胞自噬通路相关蛋白p62和LC3的表达情况,发现与对照组相比较,敲低RTN4组LC3转化量（LC3-II/LC3-I）增多,而p62蛋白减少。研究分析了RTN4的潜在抑癌作用,发现敲低RTN4基因会显著增强结肠癌细胞的增殖能力,并且诱导自噬,说明RTN4可能与激活LC3/p62自噬途径有关。     

人结直肠癌细胞HCT116红色和绿色荧光标记肿瘤模型的建立

目的筛选表达绿色荧光蛋白和红色荧光蛋白基因的人的单克隆结直肠癌细胞系,为体内监测肿瘤的早期生长建立一种新的肿瘤动物模型。方法以脂质体2000介导chickenβ-actin-GFP-neo和chickenβ-actin-DsRed-neo转染人结直肠癌细胞HCT-116,经梯度浓度G418筛选获得稳定表达红色和绿色荧光蛋白的细胞克隆并扩大培养。BALB/CA-nu裸鼠皮下接种1×10^6个发光细胞使其成瘤,活体荧光成像系统观察肿瘤的生长情况。结果获得了稳定表达GFP、DsRed的人结肠癌细胞株,将其接种到裸鼠体内可成瘤,利用活体成像系统观察了肿瘤的生长过程,肿瘤的发光随着观察时间的延长而增加。结论红色和绿色荧光蛋白能够在人结直肠癌细胞HCT-116中长期稳定表达,用红色和绿色荧光蛋白标记的人结直肠癌细胞HCT-116建立的裸鼠肿瘤模型为进一步研究结肠肿瘤和相应的药物筛选提供了一种简便、可行的新方法。     

白藜芦醇对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的影响*

目的:研究白藜芦醇通过调节Wnt/β-catenin信号通路抗溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制。方法:①葡聚糖硫酸钠盐(DSS)诱发溃疡性结肠炎实验:28只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为4组(n=7):control组、 DSS组、DSS+白藜芦醇(DSS+Res)组和Res组。实验周期为3周,小鼠饮用DSS水诱导溃疡性结肠炎并给予白藜芦醇灌胃。实验期间每天称小鼠体重并观察小鼠活动和粪便情况。处理结束后,安乐死小鼠,取小鼠脾脏称重,取小鼠结肠测量长度。苏木精-伊红染色法(H&E)染色观察小鼠结肠组织病理改变;实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)检测小鼠结肠组织miRNA-31的表达;Western Blot检测小鼠结肠组织β-catenin、Cyclin D1蛋白的表达。②离体实验:以10 mg/ml浓度的白藜芦醇处理HCT 116细胞,检测HCT 116细胞β-catenin、低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白6(LRP-6)、卷曲蛋白3(FZD3)、c-Myc蛋白的表达;HCT 116细胞转染miRNA-31 mimic和inhibitor,检测β-catenin蛋白的表达。结果:①DSS组小鼠实验期间体重下降明显,精神萎靡,活动减少,出现血便;处理结束后小鼠的结肠长度缩短,脾脏增大。而给予白藜芦醇后小鼠的以上情况得到改善。②白藜芦醇抑制了溃疡性结肠炎小鼠结肠组织miRNA-31的表达及β-catenin、Cyclin D1蛋白的表达。③白藜芦醇下调HCT 116细胞β-catenin、LRP-6、FZD3、c-Myc蛋白的表达。转染miRNA-31 inhibitor后,HCT 116细胞中β-catenin蛋白表达减少。结论:白藜芦醇能够抑制DSS诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎,这种作用与下调Wnt信号通路有关,其对Wnt 信号的下调作用与miRNA-31有关。     

miR-155对人椎间盘退变髓核细胞凋亡的作用及机制研究

目的:探讨mi R-155对人椎间盘退变髓核细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法:首先构建慢病毒表达载体,在293T细胞中获得重组慢病毒,然后感染椎间盘退变髓核细胞得到稳定过表达细胞系,同时设置空载体和空白细胞组对照。用荧光显微镜观察慢病毒载体的标签蛋白GFP的表达,分别提取三组细胞总RNA,采用RT-q PCR方法检测mi R-155的表达;通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,Western-Blot检测细胞中凋亡相关蛋白FADD、Caspase-3、Bcl-2及Bax的表达,JC-1试剂盒检测细胞线粒体膜电位的变化情况。结果:在荧光显微镜下,经慢病毒感染的过表达细胞系和空载体细胞系均出现绿色荧光,而空白细胞组未见绿色荧光;RT-qPCR结果显示构建的稳定过表达细胞系(GV369-miR-155-NP)中mi R-155的表达水平较高,且与空载体细胞系及空白细胞对照组均呈显著性差异(P0.05);与空载体组(GV369-NP)及空白细胞对照组相比,过表达组(GV369-miR-155-NP)细胞凋亡率显著降低(P0.05),FADD、Caspase-3、Bax的表达水平均明显下降,而Bcl-2表达水平显著增加(P0.05)。结论:mi R-155可能通过靶向结合Caspase-3和FADD阻止FasL-Fas途径或通过线粒体途径抑制人椎间盘退变髓核细胞凋亡。     

miR-28-5p影响结肠癌细胞迁移活力的分子机制初探

目的 探讨miR-28-5p影响结肠癌细胞迁移活力的分子机制. 方法 选用结肠癌细胞(HCT116细胞)进行实验,实验分为两部分.第一部分实验:将HCT116细胞分为空白对照组(control组)和爱拉斯汀组(erastin组),control组不进行特殊处理,erastin组使用加有20μM erastin的培养基培...     

Annexin A3 depletion overcomes resistance to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer via the MAPK signaling pathway

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common disease with high mortality and morbidity. Annexin A3 (ANXA3) belongs to the structurally homologous family of Ca²⁺ and phospholipid-binding proteins. This study aimed to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of ANXA3 on oxaliplatin (Ox) resistance in CRC. We generated two human CRC cell lines (HCT116/Ox and SW480/Ox) with acquired Ox resistance and determined their resistance properties. ANXA3 expression and cell apoptosis, migration and invasion also were evaluated. We found that cell viability of HCT116/Ox and SW480/Ox was higher than that in parental cells in the presence of Ox. ANXA3 was highly expressed in HCT116/Ox and SW480/Ox cells. ANXA3 downregulation diminished cell survival, migration and invasion, while increased the apoptosis of HCT116 and SW480 with or without Ox. Moreover, depletion of ANXA3 reduced cell viability and BrdU incorporation, increased cell apoptosis and c-caspase 3 expression in HCT116/Ox with or without Ox. A transwell assay determined that knockdown of ANXA3 impeded the migration and invasion of HCT116/Ox and SW480/Ox cells. Additionally, phosphorylation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) decreased upon ANXA3 depletion in HCT116/Ox cells, and ANXA3 silencing suppressed Ox-induced activation of ERK and JNK signaling pathway. ANXA3 downregulation reduced Ox resistance in CRC, and treatment with the ERK inhibitor PD098059 or JNK inhibitor SP600125 contributed to this process. These results indicate that silencing ANXA3 could overcome Ox resistance in CRC via the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.     

苦荞凝集素对结肠癌细胞增殖的抑制作用

采用醋酸铵缓冲液抽提、硫酸铵分级沉淀、阴离子交换和分子排阻层析等方法,首次从苦荞麦中提取出一种苦荞凝集素(tatary buckwheat lectin,TBL). MTT检测发现,TBL对3种结肠癌细胞 DLD-1、HCT116及SW480的增殖有显著的抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖效应,而对正常细胞及其它类型癌细胞的增殖无明显影响. 采用兔网织红细胞裂解系统和荧光素酶检测系统检测TBL对蛋白质合成的影响,结果表明,随着TBL浓度的增大,蛋白质翻译抑制作用逐渐增强,当TBL浓度为40 μg/mL时荧光素酶活性下降至50%. 另外,TBL与兔网织红细胞裂解系统作用后,核糖体RNA出现新的片段,表明TBL具有N-糖苷酶的活性. 将HCT116细胞总RNA与TBL体外作用后,发现二者存在明显的相互作用,核糖体RNA被降解. qRT-PCR检测显示,TBL明显下调HCT116细胞中多种microRNAs (miRNAs) 表达. 综合以上实验得出,TBL是一种Ⅱ型核糖体失活蛋白(type-Ⅱ ribosome-inactivating protein, Ⅱ-RIP)类的植物凝集素,具有N-糖苷酶活性,可下调肠癌细胞中多种miRNAs的表达,抑制结肠癌细胞增殖.     

A Comparative Analysis of Constitutive Promoters Located in Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors

The properties of constitutive promoters within adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have not yet been fully characterized. In this study, AAV vectors, in which enhanced GFP expression was directed by one of the six constitutive promoters (human β-actin, human elongation factor-1α, chicken β-actin combined with cytomegalovirus early enhancer, cytomegalovirus (CMV), simian virus 40, and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase), were constructed and introduced into the HCT116, DLD-1, HT-1080, and MCF-10A cell lines. Quantification of GFP signals in infected cells demonstrated that the CMV promoter produced the highest GFP expression in the six promoters and maintained relatively high GFP expression for up to eight weeks after infection of HCT116, DLD-1, and HT-1080. Exogenous human CDKN2A gene expression was also introduced into DLD-1 and MCF-10A in a similar pattern by using AAV vectors bearing the human β-actin and the CMV promoters. The six constitutive promoters were subsequently placed upstream of the neomycin resistance gene within AAV vectors, and HCT116, DLD-1, and HT-1080 were infected with the resulting vectors. Of the six promoters, the CMV promoter produced the largest number of G418-resistant colonies in all three cell lines. Because AAV vectors have been frequently used as a platform to construct targeting vectors that permit gene editing in human cell lines, we lastly infected the three cell lines with AAV-based targeting vectors against the human PIGA gene in which one of the six promoters regulate the neomycin resistance gene. This assay revealed that the CMV promoter led to the lowest PIGA gene targeting efficiency in the investigated promoters. These results provide a clue to the identification of constitutive promoters suitable to express exogenous genes with AAV vectors, as well as those helpful to conduct efficient gene targeting using AAV-based targeting vectors in human cell lines.     

Fluorescent-Antibody Targeting of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Visualizes Metastatic Human Colon Cancer in Orthotopic Mouse Models

Fluorescent-antibody targeting of metastatic cancer has been demonstrated by our laboratory to enable tumor visualization and effective fluorescence-guided surgery. The goal of the present study was to determine whether insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) antibodies, conjugated with bright fluorophores, could enable visualization of metastatic colon cancer in orthotopic nude mouse models. IGF-1R antibody (clone 24–31) was conjugated with 550 nm, 650 nm or PEGylated 650 nm fluorophores. Subcutaneous, orthotopic, and liver metastasis models of colon cancer in nude mice were targeted with the fluorescent IGF-1R antibodies. Western blotting confirmed the expression of IGF-1R in HT-29 and HCT 116 human colon cancer cell lines, both expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Labeling with fluorophore-conjugated IGF-1R antibody demonstrated fluorescent foci on the membrane of colon cancer cells. Subcutaneously- and orthotopically-transplanted HT-29-GFP and HCT 116-GFP tumors brightly fluoresced at the longer wavelengths after intravenous administration of fluorescent IGF-1R antibodies. Orthotopically-transplanted HCT 116-GFP tumors were brightly labeled by fluorescent IGF-1R antibodies such that they could be imaged non-invasively at the longer wavelengths. In an experimental liver metastasis model, IGF-1R antibodies conjugated with PEGylated 650 nm fluorophores selectively highlighted the liver metastases, which could then be non-invasively imaged. The IGF-1R fluorescent-antibody labeled liver metastases were very bright compared to the normal liver and the fluorescent-antibody label co-located with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression of the colon cancer cells. The present study thus demonstrates that fluorophore-conjugated IGF-1R antibodies selectively visualize metastatic colon cancer and have clinical potential for improved diagnosis and fluorescence-guided surgery.     

CXC趋化因子配体8促进结直肠癌微环境中M2型巨噬细胞趋化及浸润

CXC趋化因子配体8(CXC chemokine ligand 8,CXCL8)在结直肠癌等多种肿瘤中高表达,并促进肿瘤恶性进展。研究发现,结直肠癌微环境中有大量M2型巨噬细胞浸润,但CXCL8是否影响M2型巨噬细胞的浸润及其潜在机制尚未可知。本文旨在探讨CXCL8对结直肠癌中M2型巨噬细胞浸润及趋化作用的影响。本研究首先分析了TCGA数据库结直肠癌样本中CXCL8表达水平及免疫细胞浸润情况,并在临床组织中进行验证。随后Western 印迹及qRT-PCR检测5种结直肠癌细胞株CXCL8的表达情况。佛波酯(PMA)及IL-4诱导THP-1至M2型巨噬细胞后,与HCT116、SW480细胞及过表达CXCL8的HCT116(CXCL8/HCT116)、SW480(CXCL8/SW480)共培养,检测M2型巨噬细胞趋化情况。白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)处理HCT116、SW480细胞,检测CXCL8表达情况,与M2型巨噬细胞共培养,分析趋化结果。结果显示,患者癌组织CXCL8表达高于癌旁组织,CXCL8高表达癌组织中存在更多M2型巨噬细胞浸润;IL-1β作用于HCT116或SW480后,CXCL8的mRNA及蛋白质表达水平升高(P<0.05)。Transwell实验证实,CXCL8趋化M2型巨噬细胞(P<0.05)。综上所述,结直肠癌细胞中CXCL8可由IL-1β诱导产生,CXCL8表达增加能够促进M2型巨噬细胞的趋化,结直肠癌微环境中M2型巨噬细胞大量浸润可能与CXCL8表达升高有关。     

TRAIL promotes membrane blebbing, detachment and migration of cells displaying a dysfunctional intrinsic pathway of apoptosis

Recently, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) has been shown to be a potential candidate for cancer therapy. TRAIL induces apoptosis in various cancer cells but not in normal tissues. Here we show that HCT116 and SW480 cells with a deficient mitochondrial apoptotic pathway were resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, whereas HCT116 and SW480 cells with a functional mitochondrial apoptotic pathway underwent apoptosis upon exposure to TRAIL. Surprisingly, TRAIL induced phenotypic changes in cells with a dysfunctional mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, including membrane blebbing and a transient loss of adhesion properties to the substratum. Accordingly, TRAIL stimulated the ability of these cells to migrate. This behavior was the consequence of a transient TRAIL-induced ROCK1 cleavage. In addition, we report that Bax-deficient HCT116 cells exposed to TRAIL for a prolonged period lost their sensitivity to TRAIL as a result of downregulation of TRAIL receptor expression, and became resistant to combination of TRAIL and other drugs such as MG-132 and bortezomib. These findings may have important consequences for TRAIL anti-cancer therapy.     

In vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidant activities of punicalagin, ellagic acid and a total pomegranate tannin extract are enhanced in combination with other polyphenols as found in pomegranate juice

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits are widely consumed as juice (PJ). The potent antioxidant and anti-atherosclerotic activities of PJ are attributed to its polyphenols including punicalagin, the major fruit ellagitannin, and ellagic acid (EA). Punicalagin is the major antioxidant polyphenol ingredient in PJ. Punicalagin, EA, a standardized total pomegranate tannin (TPT) extract and PJ were evaluated for in vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidant activities. Punicalagin, EA and TPT were evaluated for antiproliferative activity at 12.5-100 microg/ml on human oral (KB, CAL27), colon (HT-29, HCT116, SW480, SW620) and prostate (RWPE-1, 22Rv1) tumor cells. Punicalagin, EA and TPT were evaluated at 100 microg/ml concentrations for apoptotic effects and at 10 microg/ml concentrations for antioxidant properties. However, to evaluate the synergistic and/or additive contributions from other PJ phytochemicals, PJ was tested at concentrations normalized to deliver equivalent amounts of punicalagin (w/w). Apoptotic effects were evaluated against the HT-29 and HCT116 colon cancer cell lines. Antioxidant effects were evaluated using inhibition of lipid peroxidation and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Pomegranate juice showed greatest antiproliferative activity against all cell lines by inhibiting proliferation from 30% to 100%. At 100 microg/ml, PJ, EA, punicalagin and TPT induced apoptosis in HT-29 colon cells. However, in the HCT116 colon cells, EA, punicalagin and TPT but not PJ induced apoptosis. The trend in antioxidant activity was PJ>TPT>punicalagin>EA. The superior bioactivity of PJ compared to its purified polyphenols illustrated the multifactorial effects and chemical synergy of the action of multiple compounds compared to single purified active ingredients.     

miR-142-3p靶向FSTL1基因对结直肠癌细胞增殖、凋亡以及放疗敏感性的影响

目的探究miR-142-3p靶向卵泡抑素样蛋白1（FSTL1）对结直肠癌（CRC）细胞增殖、凋亡以及放疗敏感性的影响。 方法培养正常人结肠细胞FHC与CRC细胞系SW480、DLD-1、HCT116和Caco-2,qRT-PCR检测细胞中miR-142-3P水平,Western Blot检测FSTL1蛋白水平;分别转染miR-142-3p模拟物（miR-142-3p组）、模拟物阴性对照（miR-NC组）、FSTL1的si-RNA9（si-FSTL1组）、si-RNA阴性对照（si-con组）至CRCSW480细胞,MTT检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡水平,Western Blot检测增殖、凋亡相关蛋白水平,克隆形成实验检测放射敏感性;双荧光素酶报告基因、Western Blot验证miR-142-3p与FSTL1关系及在CRC中作用。采用t检验和方差分析进行统计学分析。 结果CRC细胞SW480、DLD-?1、HCT116、Caco-2中miR-142-3p水平（0.86±0.09、1.09±0.11、0.76±0.08、0.98±0.10）低于正常结肠细胞FHC （2.56±0.26）,差异具有统计学意义（t?= 18.536,15.621,19.851,17.016,P均< 0.01）,FSTL1 mRNA水平2.26±0.23、1.39±0.14、2.01±0.20、1.98±0.19高于FHC细胞（0.79±0.08）,差异具有统计学意义（t?= 18.110,11.163,16.991,17.317,P均?< 0.01）,FSTL1蛋白水平（1.16±0.12、1.09±0.11、0.96±0.09、0.95±0.10）高于FHC细胞（0.37±0.04）,差异有统计学意义（t?= 18.736,18.454,17.972,16.155,P均?< 0.01）;miR-?142-?3p组CRC细胞SW480凋亡率（30.23±3.10）和Bax水平（1.02±0.11）高于miR-?con?组8.96±0.89,0.45±0.05,t?= 19.785,14.152,P均< 0.01,72?h细胞增殖活力（1.16±0.11）、CyclinD1 （0.35±0.05）、Bcl-2 （0.38±0.04）、8?Gy （7.56±0.75）细胞存活率低于miR-con组（1.60±0.16,1.02±0.12,0.98±0.10,10.35±1.25,t?= 6.798,15.462,16.713,5.742,P均< 0.01）;si-FSTL1组SW480细胞72?h的细胞增殖活力（1.05±0.11）、CyclinD1（0.40±0.05）、Bcl-2（0.42±0.05）低于si-?con组（1.60±0.16,1.05±0.10,1.00±0.12,t?= 8.498,17.441,13.385,P均< 0.01）,Bax（1.00±0.11）高于si-con组（0.41±0.04,t?= 15.122,P?< 0.01）;miR-?142-3p负调控FSTL1表达,过表达FSTL1逆转了miR-142-3p过表达SW480细胞增殖、凋亡及放射敏感性的影响。 结论过表达miR-142-3p可能通过下调FSTL1表达抑制CRC细胞增殖,诱导其凋亡,并增强其放疗敏感性。     

Methoxyamine potentiates DNA single strand breaks and double strand breaks induced by temozolomide in colon cancer cells

We have previously shown that human cancer cells deficient in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) are resistant to the chemotherapeutic methylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) and can be sensitized by the base excision repair (BER) blocking agent methoxyamine (MX) [21]. To further characterize BER-mediated repair responses to methylating agent-induced DNA damage, we have now evaluated the effect of MX on TMZ-induced DNA single strand breaks (SSB) by alkaline elution and DNA double strand breaks (DSB) by pulsed field gel electrophoresis in SW480 (O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase [AGT]+, MMR wild type) and HCT116 (AGT+, MMR deficient) colon cancer cells. SSB were evident in both cell lines after a 2-h exposure to equitoxic doses of temozolomide. MX significantly increased the number of TMZ-induced DNA-SSB in both cell lines. In contrast to SSB, TMZ-induced DNA-DSB were dependent on MMR status and were time-dependent. Levels of 50 kb double stranded DNA fragments in MMR proficient cells were increased after TMZ alone or in combination with O6-benzylguanine or MX, whereas, in MMR deficient HCT116 cells, only TMZ plus MX produced significant levels of DNA-DSB. Levels of AP endonuclease, XRCC1 and polymerase beta were present in both cell lines and were not significantly altered after MX and TMZ. However, cleavage of a 30-mer double strand substrate by SW480 and HCT116 crude cell extracts was inhibited by MX plus TMZ. Thus, MX potentiation of TMZ cytotoxicity may be explained by the persistence of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites not further processed due to the presence of MX. Furthermore, in MMR-deficient, TMZ-resistant HCT116 colon cancer cells, MX potentiates TMZ cytotoxicity through formation of large DS-DNA fragmentation and subsequent apoptotic signalling.