桃蚜不同蚜型DNA多态性的RAPD研究

采用RAPD方法,对全周期桃蚜的有翅产雌性母蚜、无翅性母蚜、雄蚜、卵、干母、干雌、有翅迁移蚜等蚜型的DNA遗传多态性进行了分析。结果表明：卵的DNA多态性最大,性蚜次之,孤雌生殖蚜最小;卵与其它蚜型之间在遗传上具最大差异,其中与孤雌生蚜的差异大于与性蚜的;干母、干雌和迁移蚜之间的遗传关系最近。     

中国绵叶蚜属（同翅目：斑蚜科）研究及新种记述

本文了同翅目斑蚜科绵叶蚜属－新种肖朴绵叶蚜Ｓｈｉｖａｐｈｉｓ ｓｉｍｉｌｉｃｅｌｔｉ Ｚｈａｎｇ,Ｗ．Ｙ ａｎｄ Ｇ．ＸＺｈａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和斯氏绵叶蚜Ｓｈｉｖａｐｈｉｓ ｓｚｅｌｅｇｉｅｗｃｚｉ Ｑｕｅｄｎａｕ,１９７９－中国新记录文中系统研究了该属的材料,给出了有翅孤雌蚜的分种检索表。     

中国卷叶绵蚜属研究及新种记述（同翅目：瘿绵蚜科）

本文记述同翅目瘿绵蚜科卷顺绵蚜属一种丁香卷叶绵蚜Ｐｒｏｃｉｐｈｉｌｕｓ ｇａｍｂｏｓａｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,和白蜡树卷叶绵蚜Ｐｒｏｃｉｐｈｉｌｕｓ ｆｒａｘｉｎｉ（Ｆａｂｒｉｃｉｕｓ,１７７７）及忍冬卷叶绵蚜Ｐｒｏｃｉｐｈｉｌｕｓ ｘｙｌｏｓｔｅｉ（Ｄｅ Ｇｅｅｒ,１７７３）两个中国新记录种,文中系统研究了该属的标本,给出了无翅孤雌蚜的分种检索表。     

中国绵蚜属六新种记述（同翅目：蚜总科：瘿绵蚜科）

本文记述了中国绵蚜属Ｅｒｉｏｓｏｍａ Ｌｅａｃｈ,１８１８６新种,即短角绵蚜Ｅｒｉｏｓｏｍａ ａｎｔｅｎｎｉｅｕｒｆｕｍ Ｚｈａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,蜡绵蚜Ｅ．ｃｅｒｕｍ Ｚｈａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,阜康绵蚜Ｅ．ｆｕｋａｎｇｅｎｓｅ Ｚｈａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,螺叶绵蚜Ｅ．ｓｐｉｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍ Ｚｈａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,土贵绵蚜Ｅ．ｔｏｇｒｏｇｕｍ Ｚｈａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和乌苏棉蚜Ｅ．ｕｓ     

坚瘿绵蚜属(半翅目,蚜科,瘿绵蚜亚科)分类

坚瘿绵蚜属Ceratopemphigus Schouteden是一个单型属,记述了模式种Ceratopemphigus zehntneri Schouteden,1905的新型--无翅孤雌蚜,对属征进行了补充和修订.同时,提供了寄主植物、地理分布、形态特征图等信息.研究标本保存在英国自然历史博物馆.     

拟爪绵蚜新属及三新种记述 (同翅目:蚜总科:瘿绵蚜科)

该文记述了瘿绵蚜科一新属拟爪绵蚜属ＳｉｃｉｕｎｇｕｉｓＺｈａｎｇｅｔＱｉａｏｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．和这个属的二个新种,即十绵蚜Ｓ．ｄｅｃｉｍａＺｈａｎｇｅｔＱｉａｏ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,九绵蚜Ｓ．ｎｏｖｅｎａＺｈａｎｇｅｔＨｕ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,另外还记述了爪绵蚜属ＡｐｈｉｄｏｕｎｇｕｉｓＴａｋａｈａｓｈｉ,１９６３一个新种,苹果根爪绵蚜Ａ．ｐｏｍｉｒａｄｉｃｏｌａＺｈａｎｇｅｔＨｕ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,模式标本存放在中国科学院动物研究所．拟爪绵蚜新属ＳｉｃｉｕｎｇｕｉｓＺｈａｎｇｅｔＱｉａｏｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．模式种：十绵蚜ＳｉｃｉｕｎｇｕｉｓｄｅｃｉｍａＺｈａｎｇｅｔＱｉａｏ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．本新属与爪绵蚜属ＡｐｈｉｄｏｕｎｇｕｉｓＴａｋａｈａｓｈｉ,１９６３和绵蚜属ＥｒｉｏｓｏｍａＬｅａｃｈ,１８１８有较近的亲缘关系,不同在于：有翅孤雌蚜腹管位于腹部背片Ⅵ,隆起,周围有毛环绕（前者：位于背片Ⅵ,不隆起,无毛环绕;后者：位于背片Ⅴ,隆起,有毛环绕）;触角稍长,至少为体长０．３５,具有线形次生感觉圈;后者：稍长,至少为体长０．４０,具有环形次生感觉圈）。十绵蚜ＳｉｃｉｕｎｇｕｉｓｄｅｃｉｍａＺｈａｎｇｅｔＱｉａｏ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ     

中国扁蚜科一新属一新种（同翅目：蚜总科）

本文研究报道了中国扁蚜科Ｈｏｒｍａｐｈｉｄｉｄａｅ１新属：光角蚜属ＣｅｒａｔｏｃａｌｉｓＱｉａｏａｎｄＺｈａｎｇ,该属隶于坚蚜亚科Ｃｅｒａｔａｐｈｉｄｉｎａｅ,并记述了１新种：山茶光角蚜ＣｅｒａｔｏｃａｌｉｓｃａｍｅｌｉｓＱｉａｏａｎｄＺｈａｎｇ。本文提供了光角蚜属与其近缘属的示差鉴别、寄主植物和地理分布,同时绘制了９幅形态特征图。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆。光角蚜属ＣｅｒａｔｏｃａｌｉｓＱｉａｏａｎｄＺｈａｎｇ,新属模式种：ＣｅｒａｔｏｃａｌｉｓｃａｍｅｌｉｓＱｉａｏａｎｄＺｈａｎｇ。本新属与坚角蚜属ＣｅｒａｔｏｇｌｙｐｈｉｎａｖａｎｄｅｒＧｏｏｔ有较近的亲缘关系,不同在于：体背及身体缘域无蜡片分布,仅腹部背片Ⅷ有分布（后者：均有分布）;额角较长,表面光滑,无毛,不接近触角（后者：较短,表面有皱褶,有毛,接近触角）;跗节无刻纹（后者：有刻纹）;触角５节（后者：４节,偶有５节）。山茶光角蚜ＣｅｒａｔｏｃａｌｉｓｃａｍｅｌｉｓＱｉａｏａｎｄＺｈａｎｇ,新种（图１～９）正模：无翅孤雌蚜,Ｎｏ．Ｙ１９９６－１－３－６,贵州省（锦屏县）,１９７９－Ⅹ－２４,李德友采,寄主：山茶;副模：７只无翅孤     

中国瘿绵蚜属的地理分布(同翅目：瘿绵蚜科)

以中国分布的２５种瘿绵蚜属Ｐｅｍｐｈｉｇｕｓ蚜虫为材料,研究了瘿绵蚜属在中国的分布特点。结果表明,该属蚜虫在古北界和东洋界均有分布,但古北界占绝对优势。在中国昆虫地理区划中,７个区均有分布,但以华北区和青藏区最为丰富,华中区和华南区最少。除华中区和华南区外,各区均有特有成分分布,县以华北区和青藏区最盛。由于没有明显的地理阻隔,华北区、东北区、蒙新区之间有种类交流现象存在,而它们与青藏区和西南区之间     

中国短痣蚜科新属新种记述（同翅目：蚜总科）

本文记述了短痣蚜科１新属——环短痣蚜属ＫｒｉｋｏａｎｏｅｃｉａＺｈａｎｇｅｔＱｉａｏ,ｇｅｎ．ｎ．及１新种——环短痣蚜ＫｒｉｋｏａｎｏｅｃｉａｃｉｒｃｕｌａＱｉａｏｅｔＺｈａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎ．,并探讨了该属的分类地位。模式标本存于中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆内。环短痣蚜ＫｒｉｋｏａｎｏｅｃｉａＺｈａｎｇｅｔＱｉａｏ,新属模式种：环短痣蚜ＫｒｉｋｏａｎｏｅｃｉａｃｉｒｃｕｌａＱｉａｏｅｔＺｈａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎ．根据环短痣蚜新属腹部有缘瘤,有翅蚜前翅中脉分岔一次等特征,该新属应归于短痣蚜亚科内,与伪短痣蚜属ＡｉｃｅｏｎａＴａｋａｈａｓｈｉ,１９２１明显不同,而与短痣蚜属ＡｎｏｅｃｉａＫｏｃｈ,１７７５有较近的亲缘关系,不同则在于：新属次生感觉圈环形（后者卵圆形或椭圆形）;原生感觉圈有睫（无睫）;体背毛少（体背毛多）;体背无大型褐色斑纹（有）;前翅翅痣狭长,近长平行四边形（近三角形或椭圆形）。就次生感觉圈的形状,原生感觉圈有无睫,跗节Ｉ毛数的进化方向（Ｓｈａｐｏｓｈｎｉｋｏｖ,１９８１）,认为新属较短痣蚜属更为进化。分布：甘肃岷县（西寨２３００ｍ）。正模：有翅孤雌蚜Ｎｏ．８７３３－２－１－１,甘肃岷县（西寨２３００     

中国卷叶绵蚜属研究及新种记述~①(同翅目:瘿绵蚜科)

本文记述了同翅目瘿绵蚜科卷叶绵蚜属一新种丁香卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus gambosae sp.nov.和白蜡树卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus fraxini(Fabricius,1777)及忍冬卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus xylostei(De Geer,1773)两个中国新记录种。文中系统研究了该属的标本,给出了无翅孤雌蚜的分种检索表。     

中国烟管蚜属分类记述(半翅目,蚜科)

研究了中国烟管蚜属Vesiculaphis del Guercio,该属隶属于蚜科Aphididae蚜亚科Aphidinae长管蚜族Macrosiphini,中国已知两种:番木瓜烟管蚜Vesiculaphis caricis(Fullaway)和中国新纪录种,马醉木烟管蚜V.pieridis Basu。文中提供了中国物种分种检索表,对新纪录种提供了不同生物型的形态记述、特征图和照片,包括1个兼有无翅孤雌蚜和有翅孤雌蚜性状的特殊个体的描记。研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆和英国自然历史博物馆.     

Key to Indian species of Periphyllus including four new species and hitherto unknown morphs from North-west Himalaya (Homoptera: Aphididae)

ABSTRACT. Four new species of Periphyllus; P.aceriphaga Chakrabarti & Mandal, P.caesium Chakrabarti & Saha, P.garhwalensis Chakrabarti & Mandal and P.pallidus Chakrabarti & Saha are described. Hitherto unknown apterous viviparous female of P.villosii Chakrabarti and four dimorphs are also recorded. Keys to distinguish the species of apterous viviparous females, alate viviparous females, alate males and dimorphs are provided.     

Redescription of Neoamphorophora ledi (Wahlgren, 1938) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Japan

Apterous viviparous females of Neoamphorophora ledi (Wahlgren, 1938) living on Rhododendron degronianum Carr. (Ericaceae) on Honshu island, Japan, are redescribed and the hitherto unknown alate viviparous females are here described. Rhododendron degronianum is a new host plant species for this aphid. This species is recorded for aphid fauna of Eastern Palearctic for the first time. Keys to species of Neoamphorophora based on apterous and alate viviparous females are given. A key to aphid genera with swollen siphunculi living on species of Rhododendron worldwide based on apterous viviparous females is also provided.     

Revisionary notes on the genus Metopolophium Mordvilko, 1914, with keys to European species and descriptions of two new taxa (Homoptera: Aphidoidea)

New and extensively revised keys are given to help identification of the European species of Metopolophium Mordvilko, 1914. The morphs keyed are (1) the apterous viviparous females from Gramineac, (2) the alate viviparous females and (3) the males and oviparous females of those species that overwinter as eggs on Rosa spp. Taxonomic notes are given on some individual species. Two new taxa, M. fasciatum sp. nov., and M. festucae (Theobald) cerealium subsp. nov. are described. Metopolophium myrmecophilum (Theobald) becomes a new synonym of M. festucae (Theobald), sensu stricto , and the resulting question of the possible conservation of the latter, which is the junior subjective synonym, is discussed. A revised checklist of the European species of Metopolophium is given.     

Taxonomic review of the genus Macrosiphum (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) for the Korean Peninsula, with description of a new species

Eight species of the genus Macrosiphum Passerini 1860 (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) are recognized from the Korean Peninsula. A new species, Macrosiphum ( Macrosiphum ) paektusani n. sp., is described herein for apterous and alate viviparous females on Rosa marretii Lev. (Rosaceae). The taxonomic position of Macrosiphum ( Macrosiphum ) cornifoliae Shinji 1924, com. rev., is transferred from the genus Sitobion Mordvilko 1914 to its original position. Host plants of the Korean Macrosiphum are reviewed and the identification key to subgenera and species is also presented.     

角倍蚜瘿内干雌蜜露的排泄和糖分组成

【目的】角倍是角倍蚜Schlechtendalia chinensis在第一寄主植物盐肤木Rhus chinensis叶片上取食而形成的一种封闭型虫瘿,瘿内蚜虫排泄物(蜜露)的清洁对于维持角倍蚜种群的生存至关重要。本研究旨在探究角倍蚜瘿内世代的蜜露排泄及糖分组成情况。【方法】采用倒置荧光显微镜连续观察角倍蚜瘿内干雌的蜜露排泄情况;用含有不同浓度蔗糖或淀粉的培养基饲喂瘿内干雌,统计泌露率,分析蔗糖和淀粉对角倍蚜瘿内干雌蜜露排泄的影响;利用液相色谱检测和分析蜜露的糖分组成和含量。【结果】角倍蚜瘿内,很少能观察到无翅干雌排泄蜜露,35.40%±2.41%的有翅干雌可被观察到排泄蜜露。但在琼脂糖培养基上,无翅干雌和有翅干雌均可排泄蜜露,泌露率分别为23.89%±5.58%和173.96%±28.61%;在含有不同蔗糖浓度的琼脂糖培养基上,无翅干雌和有翅干雌泌露率均随蔗糖浓度的升高而降低。在含有不同淀粉浓度的琼脂糖培养基上,无翅干雌泌露率随淀粉浓度的升高而降低;当淀粉浓度由0增加至2%时,有翅干雌泌露率由173.96%±28.61%增加至236.81%±55.67%,随后泌露率随淀粉浓度的升高而降低,当淀粉浓度达到10%时,有翅干雌泌露率降为55.92%±7.22%。角倍蚜瘿内干雌排泄的蜜露共检测出7种糖分,其中：果糖和葡萄糖的含量较高,分别为51.07%和31.68%;蔗糖的含量较低,仅为1.59%;另有4种未知组分占15.66%。【结论】角倍蚜瘿内干雌蜜露的主要成分为果糖和葡萄糖;食物中蔗糖和淀粉的含量对其蜜露的排泄有明显影响。     

Biological studies onTrichogrammatoidea armigera Nagaraja a new dimorphic egg parasite ofHeliothis armigera (Hübner) in India

A new species ofTrichogrammatoidea which is being described byH. Nagaraja asT. armigera, has been reared from eggs ofHeliothis armigera onPolianthes tuberosa and from those of an unidentified Lepidopteron onCajanus cajan. In the laboratory the parasite was successfully bred onCorcyra cephalonica, Achaea janata, Gnorimoschema operculella andPlutella xylostella; it did not show any perceptible preference for any of these hosts. It also parasitised eggs ofSpodoptera litura, but although development proceeded to the adult stage, adults failed to emerge, suggesting unsuitability of this host. The males ofT. armigera are found to exhibit dimorphism — one form being alate and the other typically apterous. The apterous males were almost exclusively produced only by fertilised females and in the progeny of virgin females these forms were extremely rare (1 apterous male: 1,500 winged males). Among the progeny of a single mated female, an apterous male developed invariably in association with a female, but this rule did not apply when a singleCorcyra egg was parasitised by more than one parental female. However, in no case did an apterous male alone emerge from a single host egg. The biology ofT. armigera has been studied at 25°C±1°C. and R.H. 75%, usingC. cephalonica eggs. The parasite completed its life-cycle in 7–9 days — the egg, larval and pupal periods occupying, 1, 2–3 and 4–5 days, respectively. When fed honey, the average longevity of females was 7 (max. 11) days, of alate males 6 (max. 10) days and of apterous males 1 (max. 2) day. The maximum fecundity was 118 while the average was about 63. From 2–26 (average 9) eggs were parasitised per day. The sex-ratio was 62% females: 38% males (35% alate and 3% apterous). An alate male during its lifetime inseminated upto 10 (Av. 9) females while an apterous one inseminated up to 4 (Av. 3) females.