中国韧革菌(Ⅰ)

本文报道中国韧革菌科(Stereaceae Pilat)真菌10种和1变种,隶属于淀粉韧革菌属(Amylostereum Boidin)、北方韧革菌属(Boreostereum Parmasto)、小韧革菌属(Chodrostereum Pouzar)、柱囊韧革菌属(Columnocystis Pouzar)、杯革菌属(Cotylidia Karsten)和皱革菌属(Cymatoderma Junghuhn)。其中有1个新种和1个新记录变种,即海南皱革菌(Cymatoderma hainanense Z.T.Guo,sp.nov.)和黄杯革菌白色变种(Cotylidia aurantiaca(Pers.)Welden var.alba Reid)。标本全部保藏于中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)中。     

指定木霉属三个种的附加模式并报道中国新记录种

对来自我国南方的木霉属标本进行分类学研究,首次发现灵芝木霉T. ganodermatis、异味木霉T. ingratum 和特里克木霉T. trixiae的有性阶段,对它们进行描述并指定3个种的附加模式。报道了3个中国新记录种：新厚木霉Trichoderma neocrassum、垫状木霉T. pulvinatum和塞缪尔斯木霉T. samuelsii、提供了它们的形态描述和图示。基于RPB2和TEF1基因序列的系统发育分析确定了上述种的系统发育位置。建立一个新名称取代晚出同名Trichoderma crystalligenum W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang。     

中国的球盖菇科(二)球盖菇属

通过对吉林农业大学菌物研究所标本馆(HMJAU)、中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS)、中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆隐花植物标本室(HKAS)和广东微生物研究所标本馆(HMIGD)的132份标本的宏观形态和微观结构的观察,共报道中国球盖菇属[Stropharia(Fr.)Qulet]真菌14种(包括变种、变型),其中包括1个拟定新种,即黄囊球盖菇[Stropharia chrysocystidia Meng T.X.et Tolgor];1个新变种,即蚯蚓铜绿球盖菇[Stropharia aeruginosa(Fr.)Qulet var.earthwormia Meng T.X.et Tolgor];2个中国新记录种,即偏孢孔球盖菇[Stropharia dorsiporaEsteve-Rav.&Barrasa]和盐碱球盖菇[Stropharia halophila Pacioni];四川省新记录种1个,即亮白球盖菇[Stropharia albonitens(Fr.)Qulet];吉林省新记录变型1个,即浅黄皱环球盖菇[Stropharia ru-gosoannulataf.luteaHongo];云南和西藏新记录变型1个,即黄褐球盖菇[Stropharia aeruginosa(Fr.)Qulet f.brunneola Hongo]。对已知种进行了形态学描述、显微线条图绘制,编写了分种检索表,对每个种的担孢子进行了扫描电子显微镜观察。     

木霉属5个中国新记录种及2种木霉在中国的新分布

对来自北京、广东、黑龙江、河南、湖北、湖南、吉林、内蒙古、浙江的木霉属资源进行系统分类研究,报道了该属5个中国新记录种：桤木木霉Trichoderma alni,絮状木霉T. floccosum,近洋大戟草木霉T. parapiluliferum,普丽西拉木霉T. priscilae和森吉木霉T. songyi,并提供了其宏观和微观特征的详细描述及图示。基于联合rpb2和tef1基因序列的系统发育分析,为确定上述种的分类地位提供了佐证。此外,表明近渐绿木霉T. paraviridescens和西蒙斯木霉T. simmonsii在我国广泛分布。     

木霉属3个中国新记录种

报道了采自我国黑龙江、吉林及西藏的木霉属Trichoderma 3个中国新记录种：内生木霉Trichoderma endophyticum、意大利木霉T. italicum和酒色木霉T. vinosum。首次发现近深绿木霉T. paratroviride的有性阶段,提供了上述种的详细描述及宏观和微观特征的图示,并探讨了其分类地位。     

中国韧革菌(Ⅲ)

本文报道中国韧革菌科(Stereaceae Pilat)真菌17种,隶属于柄革菌属(Stereopsis Reid)。韧革菌属(Stereum Hill:Persoon)和刷革菌属(Xylobolus Karsten)。其中有3个新种,1个新组合种和2个新记录种,它们是:厚盖柄革菌(Stereopsis crassipileata Z.T.Guo,sp.nov.)、细柄柄革菌(S.gracilistipitata Z.T.Guo,sp.nov.),假杯柄革菌(S.pseudocupulata Z.T.Guo,sp。nov.)、掌状柄革菌(S.craspedia(Fr.)Z.T.Guo,comb.nov.)、瓣裂柄革菌(S.hiscens(Berk. & Rav.)Reid)和蛋黄柄革菌(S.uitellina(Plowr.)Reid)。标本全部保藏于中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)。     

内蒙古毛莨属的分类研究

本文记载了内蒙古境内毛莨属植物23种、1变,种比1978年出版的"内蒙古植物志"第二卷增加了13种、1变种,其中发现新种2个——R.alaschanicus Y.Z.Zhao和R.int-ramongolicus Y.Z.Zhao,新种组合1个——R.yinshanensis(Y.Z.Zhao)Y.Z.Zhao,内蒙古分布新记录4个——R.popovii Ovcz.、R.brotherusii Freyn、R.tanguticus(Maxim.)Ovcz、R.submarginatus Ovcz.。     

中国光萼苔科植物增补

本文描述了中国光萼苔科1新种, 1新变种, 1新变型, 分别是Porella sichuanensis.P, densifolia var.pilosa和P.perrotetiana fo.flaccida。另外有3个新组合(1种, 2变种)和5个中国分布新记录。     

中国球盖菇科(六):盔孢菌属

通过观察吉林农业大学菌物研究所标本馆(HMJAU)、中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS)、中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆隐花植物标本馆(HKAS)和广东微生物研究所标本馆(GDGM)及作者野外采集标本的宏观形态和微观结构,对中国盔孢菌属进行了分类学研究。对中国分布的16个种进行了形态学描述、显微线条图绘制,并编写了分组、分种检索表。其中,包括内蒙古新记录种2个:秋生盔孢菌[Galerinaautumnalis(Peck)A.H.Sm.&Singer]和单色盔孢伞[Galerina unicolor(Vahl)Singer];黑龙江省新记录种3个:异囊盔孢菌[Galerina heterocystis(G.F.Atk.)A.H.Sm.&R.Sin.]、黄褐盔孢伞[Galerina helvoliceps(Berk.&M.A.Curtis)Singer]和沟条盔孢菌[Galerina vittiformis(Fr.)Earle];吉林省新记录种2个:异囊盔孢菌[Galerina heterocystis(G.F.Atk.)A.H.Sm.&R.Sin.]和苔藓盔孢菌[Galerina hypnorum(Schrank)Kühner];辽宁省新记录种1个:黄褐盔孢伞[Galerina helvoliceps(Berk.&M.A.Curtis)singer];浙江省新记录种1个:沟条盔孢菌[Galerina vittiformis(Fr.)Earle];湖北省新记录种1个:沟条盔孢菌[Galerina vittiformis(Fr.)Earle];湖南省新记录种1个:秋生盔孢菌[Galerina autumnalis(Peck)A.H.Sm.&Singer];广西省新记录种1个:沟条盔孢菌[Galerina vit-tiformis(Fr.)Earle];四川省新记录种3个:苔藓盔孢菌[Galerina hypnorum(Schrank)Kühner]、条盖盔孢菌[Galerina sulciceps(Berk.)Singer]和沟条盔孢菌[Galerina vittiformis(Fr.)Earle];贵州省新记录种3个:单色盔孢伞[Galerina unicolor(Vahl)Singer]、毒盔孢菌(Galerina venenataA.H.Sm.)和沟条盔孢菌[Galerina vittiformis(Fr.)Earle];西藏新记录种3个:单色盔孢伞[Galerina unicolor(Vahl)Singer]、黄褐盔孢伞[Galerina helvoliceps(Berk.&M.A.Curtis)Singer]和沟条盔孢菌[Galerina vittiformis(Fr.)Earle];新疆新记录种1个:黄褐盔孢伞[Galerina helvoliceps(Berk.&M.A.Curtis)Singer]。     

木霉属3个中国新记录种

对来自黑龙江的木霉属真菌进行系统分类研究,报道了该属3个中国新记录种：平展橙红木霉Trichoderma auranteffusum,塔梗木霉T. pyramidale 和革菌生木霉T. thelephoricola,对其宏观和微观特征提供了详细描述及图示,系统发育分析为上述种的分类地位提供了佐证。     

Trichinella zimbabwensis n.sp. (Nematoda), a new non-encapsulated species from crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zimbabwe also infecting mammals

Since 1995, Trichinella larvae have been detected in 39.5% of farmed crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zimbabwe. Morphological, biological, biochemical and molecular studies carried out on one isolate from a farmed crocodile in 2001 support the conclusion that this parasite belongs to a new species, which has been named Trichinella zimbabwensis n.sp. This species, whose larvae are non-encapsulated in host muscles, infects both reptiles and mammals. The morphology of adults and larvae is similar to that of Trichinella papuae. Adults of T. zimbabwensis cross in both directions with adults of T. papuae (i.e. male of T. zimbabwensis per female of T. papuae and male of T. papuae per female of T. zimbabwensis), producing F1 offspring which produce very few and less viable F2 larvae. Muscle larvae of T. zimbabwensis, like those of T. papuae, do not infect birds. Three allozymes (of a total of 10) are diagnostic between T. zimbabwensis and T. papuae, and five are diagnostic between T. zimbabwensis and Trichinella pseudospiralis, the third non-encapsulated species. The percentage of the pairwise alignment identity between T. zimbabwensis and the other Trichinella species for the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene, the large subunit ribosomal-DNA (mt-lsrDNA) gene and the expansion segment five, shows that T. zimbabwensis is more similar to the two non-encapsulated species T. papuae (91% for cytochrome oxidase I; 96% for mt-lsrDNA; and 88% for expansion segment five) and T. pseudospiralis (88% for cytochrome oxidase I; 90% for mt-lsrDNA; and 66–73% for expansion segment five) than to any of the encapsulated species (85–86% for cytochrome oxidase I; 88–89% for mt-lsrDNA; and 71–79% for expansion segment five). This is the first non-encapsulated species discovered in Africa. The finding of a new Trichinella species that infects both reptiles and mammals suggests that the origin of Trichinella parasites dates back further than previously believed and can contribute to understanding the phylogeny and the epidemiology of the genus Trichinella.     

利用昆虫携带的花粉初探西藏入侵植物印加孔雀草在当地传粉网络中的地位

入侵植物在新生境中成功定殖后, 通过利用当地传粉昆虫促进繁殖可以更好地保证种群的扩张, 但是入侵植物在当地传粉网络中的角色和地位仍不是很清楚。本文利用西藏近年发现的入侵植物印加孔雀草(Tagetes minuta), 分析其访花昆虫所携带的植物花粉种类, 构建了植物花粉-传粉者网络, 探讨印加孔雀草快速入侵和扩张的可能机制。结果表明印加孔雀草为泛化传粉系统, 共有13种昆虫访花, 其中12种携带有印加孔雀草花粉, 所有花粉中印加孔雀草花粉数量占比为89.89%。12种印加孔雀草传粉昆虫中, 4种泛化传粉昆虫(1种蜂、2种食蚜蝇和1种蝇)是其主要传粉昆虫。本研究揭示印加孔雀草在较短时间内已经成功利用多种当地泛化传粉昆虫为其授粉, 已顺利融入当地的传粉网络, 今后需要更加重视对印加孔雀草的防控。     

Out of the Middle East: New phylogenetic insights in the genus Tamarix (Tamaricaceae)

Tamarix is one of the taxonomically most complex genera among the angiosperms, and there is little consensus regarding its infrageneric classification. Here we present the most complete phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus to date. This includes a DNA phylogenetic tree based on nuclear ribosomal ITS, and a plastid DNA phylogeny based on three intergenic spacers (trnS‐trnG, ndhF‐rpl32, and trnQ‐rps16). In total, both nuclear and plastid phylogenetic analyses include more than 70 samples of 39 species from 27 countries, which represent close to 60% of the diversity of the genus. Two complementary trees, based only on one plastid marker, are also included. The first, based on trnS‐trnG, is used to increase the number of species related to T. amplexicaulis. The second, based on ndhF‐rpl32, is used to investigate the separation between T. tetrandra and T. parviflora. The incongruence between the available infrageneric classifications and the molecular results is confirmed. A reticulate evolution is inferred from the trees, showing characters such as vaginate leaves appearing at different stages along the evolutionary history of the genus. The presence of T. canariensis outside the Canary Islands is cast into doubt, and all such records from NW Africa and Europe are here considered to belong to T. gallica. The results also suggest independence of T. karelinii from T. hispida, and T. parviflora from T. tetrandra. Relationships between a number of species are still not resolved, and additional studies will be needed to further refine the complex taxonomy of Tamarix.     

Nouvelles données sur les estérases des trichogrammes (hym. trichogrammatidae)

New electrophoretic analysis allowed us to show that the two fastest esterases of T. brassicae are derived from the Est 5′ locus and not from the Est 5 and Est 6 locus. This result changes only slightly the evanescens group place in the phylogenetic tree previously suggested. Esterases have been studied in several other species. Those of T. lacustre and T. piceum are not against the classification of these species in the perkinsi and fasciatum groups, respectively. Those of T. leptoparameron lead us to place this species in the pretiosum group, near T. daumalae. Those of a population of T. dendrolimi reveal a polymorphism clearly higher than what was known in bisexual forms of this species. Lastly, esterases analysed by other authors tend to show that T. chilonis and T. closterae belong to the nubilale group (the appellation of which has to be changed) and that T. ostriniae belongs to the minutum group.     

四川唐松草属三新种

描述了自四川西部发现的毛茛科唐松草属三新种,康定唐松草、细茎唐松草和九龙唐松草,并给出其与近缘种的区别特征。     

全球中华鲎资源保护现状及对策建议

鲎是古老的海洋节肢动物。中华鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)是世界现存4种鲎中体型最大的一种, 是河口生态系统的标志物种, 同时其血液被用于生产医用检验试剂――鲎试剂。中华鲎的自然地理分布范围相当狭窄, 仅局限于日本濑户内海向南延伸至印度尼西亚爪哇岛北岸以北的太平洋西岸海域, 其中在中国东岸和日本南部海域的历史产量较高。自20世纪50年代以来中华鲎种群数量出现了显著减少, 2019年中华鲎在IUCN红色名录中的濒危等级正式更新为濒危(EN), 明确了中华鲎资源呈现全球性衰退的状态, 究其原因可归纳为鲎生境破坏和过度捕捞两个方面。在开展鲎资源保护的实践工作中, 作者深刻反思当前鲎资源保护在海洋保护区划定、增殖放流及科普和野生动物保护法宣传中存在的问题并提出相应建议, 包括加快完善种群基线数据, 制定标准化种群和生境基线监测指南, 构建科学放流体系等, 以期推进全球范围内的中华鲎资源保护与科学管理。