油菜素内酯对水稻幼苗硝酸还原酶活性的影响（简报）

油菜素内酯(BR)明显提高水稻幼苗的硝酸还原酶(NR)活性,并促进NO_3~-的吸收。环己亚胺(CHI)和脱落酸(ABA)都抑制 NR活性,而这些抑制不为 BR所逆转。BR和苄基腺嘌呤(BA)单独处理都促进NR活性,但两者不表现加成作用。     

ABA和别嘌呤醇对黄化黄瓜子叶脂氧合酶活性的影响

脂氧合酶(LOX,EC1.13.11.12)是植物组织中唯一催化不饱和脂肪酸氢过氧化作用的酶,植物衰老时,其活性增高。Leshem等(1982)认为别嘌呤醇抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶反应产生自由基和抑制脂氧合酶活性。以黄瓜(Cucuis sativus)刺春品种的黄化幼苗子叶分别浸入5ppm ABA,5ppm ABA+5ppm α-生育酚和5ppm α-生育酚溶液及水中,24小时后切取子叶,经预冷后加入50m mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.0)和1％PVP(w/v),在研钵中研磨,匀浆通过过滤和3000×g 4℃下离心15分钟。根据Peterman等方法,以Clark氧电极测定上清液酶活性。参照Surry方法,以Beckman DU-7型分光光度计测定脂质氢过氧化物     

6BA和KCl对黄化黄瓜离体子叶中叶绿素积累和硝酸还原酶活性诱导的影响

6BA和KCI能促进黄化黄瓜离体子叶光下叶绿素积累和诱导硝酸还原酶活性形成,这与它们提高体内的ATP含量有关。6BA和KGI对叶绿素积累和硝酸还原酶的诱导形成还具有加成作用。 脱落酸(ABA)和 6BA之间存在拮抗作用,但是 ABA不能抵消 KCI对硝酸还原酶诱导形成的促进作用,同时无论在光下或完全黑暗条件下,6BA对硝酸还原酶的促进作用均明显可见,而KCI仅在光下呈促进作用,表明6BA和KCI在硝酸还原酶诱导过程中的作用机理可能是不同的。     

一氧化氮在脱落酸诱导的玉米叶片亚细胞抗氧化防护中的作用

研究了ABA诱导NO产生的来源以及NO在ABA诱导的玉米叶片H2O2累积和亚细胞水平抗氧化中的作用。ABA诱导玉米叶片NO的产生以及NOS活性增加,NOS抑制剂抑制这种增加。NO清除剂和NR抑制剂预处理也抑制了ABA诱导的NO产生,但是并不影响ABA诱导的NOS活性,结果提示了ABA诱导的NO的产生来源于NOS和NR2条途径。NO清除剂、NOS抑制剂和NR抑制剂预处理抑制了ABA和H2O2诱导的抗氧化防护酶基因SOD4、cAPX、GR1的表达和叶绿体及细胞溶质抗氧化酶活性的增加,表明NO参与ABA和H2O2诱导的玉米亚细胞抗氧化防护系统。另一方面,以NO供体SNP预处理减少了ABA诱导的H2O2的累积,而c—PTIO逆转了SNP减少ABA诱导的H2O2累积的作用。SNP处理诱导了亚细胞抗氧化酶活性的增加,用c—PTIO预处理抑制了这种增加。实验结果表明ABA诱导H2O2和INO产生,NO上调了玉米亚细胞抗氧化防护酶活性,进而防止玉米叶片中H2O2的过量累积。因此在玉米ABA诱导的信号转导中有一个NO和H2O2负反馈环。     

pH对毕赤酵母表达重组人复合α干扰素的降解影响

使用Pichiapastoris表达重组人复合α干扰素(cIFN)会发生降解、聚合等不均一表达的现象.在5 L发酵罐中考察了不同诱导pH对cIFN表达产生降解的影响,结果发现在适合酵母生长的pH 3.0～7.0范围内,当诱导pH为4.0～5.0时,cIFN不均一表达现象最少,生物活性达到2.5×108 IU/mL.通过测定发酵液中总蛋白酶活和细胞活性寻找了cIFN降解出现的原因:发现低诱导pH下细胞死亡率升高释放更多酶系,高诱导pH下蛋白酶活性明显增大,两者都使蛋白酶作用加强,加剧cIFN的降解;特别是诱导pH为7.0时,适宜的pH使蛋白酶酶活陡升,将cIFN完全降解.     

pH对毕赤酵母表达重组人复合a干扰素的降解影响

使用Pichia pastoris表达重组人复合a干扰素(cIFN)会发生降解、聚合等不均一表达的现象。在5 L发酵罐中考察了不同诱导pH对cIFN表达产生降解的影响, 结果发现在适合酵母生长的pH 3.0~7.0范围内, 当诱导pH为4.0~5.0时, cIFN不均一表达现象最少, 生物活性达到2.5×108 IU/mL。通过测定发酵液中总蛋白酶活和细胞活性寻找了cIFN降解出现的原因：发现低诱导pH下细胞死亡率升高释放更多酶系, 高诱导pH下蛋白酶活性明显增大, 两者都使蛋白酶作用加强, 加剧cIFN的降解; 特别是诱导pH为7.0时, 适宜的pH使蛋白酶酶活陡升, 将cIFN完全降解。     

pH对毕赤酵母表达重组人复合a干扰素的降解影响

使用Pichia pastoris表达重组人复合a干扰素(cIFN)会发生降解、聚合等不均一表达的现象。在5 L发酵罐中考察了不同诱导pH对cIFN表达产生降解的影响, 结果发现在适合酵母生长的pH 3.0~7.0范围内, 当诱导pH为4.0~5.0时, cIFN不均一表达现象最少, 生物活性达到2.5×108 IU/mL。通过测定发酵液中总蛋白酶活和细胞活性寻找了cIFN降解出现的原因：发现低诱导pH下细胞死亡率升高释放更多酶系, 高诱导pH下蛋白酶活性明显增大, 两者都使蛋白酶作用加强, 加剧cIFN的降解; 特别是诱导pH为7.0时, 适宜的pH使蛋白酶酶活陡升, 将cIFN完全降解。     

细胞分裂素对黄瓜子叶张开及其下胚轴倒钩伸直的影响

6-苄基嘌呤(BA),玉米素和激动素引起黄瓜(cucumsis sativus,品种:津研4号)子叶的张开。其它的植物生长调节剂,如赤霉酸(GA_3),吲乙酸(IAA),乙烯,脱落酸(ABA),以及有关化合物,如 KCl 和腺嘌呤均无此作用。BA 的浓度在0.01ppm 时也能产生这一效应。因此这一作用能作细胞分裂素生物鉴定的定性方法。KCl 对细胞分裂素诱导的子叶张开效应有增效的作用。在去根下胚轴倒钩基部供给 BA(10ppm)能促进留子叶倒钩的伸直,光照能促进这一效应。然而,BA 却抑制不留子叶的倒钩的伸直,特别在光下更明显。子叶的存在对倒钩维持弯曲是有利的。     

沙棘——弗氏放线菌共生固氮体系研究——Ⅰ环境因子影响沙棘结瘤和生长

环境因子包括盐度、pH值、化合氮和磷素供给显著影响了Frankia菌株Hr32对水培沙棘小苗的侵染结瘤。沙棘能在0.8％盐度下生长但受抑,0.2％盐度下开始有根瘤发生,0.1％盐度下结瘤较好。Hr32纯培养下耐盐力不强,0.5％盐度下已不能生长,导致了高盐浓度下不能结瘤。pH=7.0—8.0为沙棘结瘤最佳范围,pH值高至9.0或低至4.2,沙棘不能结瘤。低磷供给限制了根瘤发生,当供给10ppm或更高的磷时,沙棘成功结瘤。低于6ppm化合氮供给促进结瘤,当供给16ppm化合氮时,结瘤完全抑制。结瘤使沙棘获得近二倍的增长效果,水培条件下人工根瘤活性低于自然生境根瘤。结瘤使沙棘的落叶延迟。     

离子束介导玉米DNA影响水稻幼苗根系蛋白水解酶的表达

利用离子束介导法把玉米DNA导入水稻豫粳6号种子胚中,通过复性电泳技术,分析水稻幼苗根系中蛋白水解酶在pH4.5、pH7.0和pH8.5的表达情况.结果表明:(1)在不同pH条件下处理,各蛋白水解酶种类与活性存在差异,酸性、中性、碱性条件下,检到的蛋白水解酶酶带依次增多,酸性条件下酶活性较弱,中性和碱性条件下酶活性较强;(2)在3种pH条件下,离子束辐照处理均有部分蛋白水解酶带缺失,同时,在中性和碱性条件下检出50kD新酶带,说明离子束辐照可影响水稻蛋白水解酶表达;(3)离子束介导玉米DNA水稻幼苗根系中,pH4.5时无新蛋白水解酶酶带检出,pH7.0和pH8.5时均检到多条新酶带且活性较强.说明离子束介导玉米DNA引起水稻幼根蛋白水解酶表达发生变化.     

细胞分裂素促进小麦硝酸还原酶的诱导

细胞分裂素促进硝酸还原酶的诱导,脱落酸强烈抑制该酶的诱导,并抵消细胞分裂素的作用。6-苄基腺瞟呤(6-BA)的促进效应与 NO_3~-的诱导作用有关。无 NO_3~-存在时,6-BA 无直接诱导作用,适宜浓度的 NO_3~-可诱导较高的酶活性,这时6-BA 的促进作用也较强。无光照时,NO_3~-只能诱导黄化叶片产生很低的酶活性,这时6-BA 的促进作用也很弱。在1—2小时的诱导期内,环己酰亚胺抑制酶的诱导。结果表明细胞分裂素对酶诱导的促进作用不仅与 NO_3~-的存在有关,还与 NO_3~-诱导硝酸还原酶的必要条件有关,即依赖于酶的诱导过程。     

蚕豆保卫细胞原生质体质膜ABA结合蛋白与气孔对ABA敏感性的关系

在测定蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)保卫细胞原生质体质膜ABA结合蛋白的解离常数(Kd)和最大结合容量的基础上,进一步研究了几种因子(pH、光)对Kd和最大结合容量的影响。结果显示:pH并不改变结合蛋白的Kd值,而仅影响每个原生质体结合的分子数;光、暗处理的结果表明,光可使结合蛋白的Kd值增大,每个原生质体结合的ABA分子数减少,而暗处理可使结合蛋白的Kd值减小及每个原生质体结合的分子数增多,说明黑暗可提高气孔保卫细胞对ABA的敏感性,而光可以降低气孔保卫细胞对ABA的敏感性。因此,光、暗可以通过调节ABA结合蛋白的Kd值来调节气孔对ABA的敏感性。     

The effects of endogenous cytokinin content on benzyladenineenhanced nitrate reductase induction

Foliar application of benzyladenine (BA) has been shown to enhance nitrate-dependent induction of nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.6.6.1) in etiolated wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Whether similar enhancement occurs in light-grown plants, or whether endogenous cytokinin content affects this enhancement is unknown. Since the cytokinin content of etiolated plants probably differs from that of light-grown seedlings, the NR response of each to exogenous root- or shoot-applied BA in wheat (cv. Red Bob) was examined. Endogenous cytokinins present in untreated control tissues prior to BA application and changes that occurred after a 22 h (12 h dark followed by 10 h of light) period were determined using a combined HPLC-immunoassay method. Shoot application of BA enhanced the induction of NR in etiolated seedlings in a concentration-dependent manner but failed to enhance NR induction in light-grown plants. Root-applied BA enhanced NR induction in both etiolated and light-grown seedlings. Endogenous root cytokinin levels were similar in both etiolated and light-grown plants. In contrast, shoots of 6 day-old light-grown seedlings contained at least 20 times the amount of total cytokinins measured in shoots from etiolated plants of the same age. Total cytokinin content of the light-grown plants diminished after the 22-h period while that measured in etiolated seedlings increased. The responsiveness of seedlings to BA was correlated with endogenous cytokinin levels in that enhancement of NR induction by exogenous BA was low in tissues which contained high concentrations of cytokinin at the time of BA application. These results may prove useful in interpretation of gene responses to exogenous plant growth regulators.     

The Response of Nitrate Reductase Activity and Nitrate Assimilation in Maize Roots to Growth Regulators at Acidic pH

Nitrate and total nitrogen contents, and nitrate reductase (NR) activity of the excised maize roots in buffered or unbuffered nitrate solution (at pH 6.5 or 4.5) as affected by putrescine (PUT), abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) were investigated. In unbufferred solution, the NR activity was lower at pH 4.5 as compared to that at pH 6.5, but in bufferred solution the activity was higher at lower pH. Supply of 100 µM PUT or 500 µM SA, promoted NR activity and 50 µM ABA inhibited the activity at pH 6.5. However, at pH 4.5, PUT and SA inhibited NR activity and ABA had no effect. In most cases, the increase in NR activity was positively correlated with total organic nitrogen and a negatively with nitrate content. A reverse situation was found when NR activity was inhibited by the growth regulators.     

Effects of sulfite and pH on abscisic acid-dependent transpiration and on stomatal opening

In rice, alday, wheat and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. Samsunand Samsun NN) plants which contained large amounts of ABA,the transpiration rate decreased rapidly with 2 ppm SO₂ fumigationand reached 20 to 65% of the initial level after 5- to 30-minexposure depending on their ABA contents. In the cases of broadbean and tobacco (N. glutinosa L.) with low ABA contents, therate slightly increased for 20 and 40 min, respectively, afterthe start of the fumigation and then decreased gradually. Thetranspiration rates of corn and sorghum, in spite of their extremelylow ABA contents, pronouncedly decreased with SO₂ fumigationand reached 65 and 50%, respectively, of the initial levelsafter 40-min exposure. Foliar application of 0.04 N HC1 to N.tabacum L. Samsun NN leaves remarkably depressed the transpirationrate, while the application of 0.04 M Na₂SO₃ decreased the rateonly to the same level as water treatment. Foliar applicationof either HCl or Na₂SO₃ to N. glutinosa L. leaves exerted littlechange in the transpiration rate. When 10^–4M ABA was appliedto broad bean leaves prior to HCl and Na₂SO₃ treatment, theirtranspiration rate was decreased by HCl, but not by Na₂SO₃ application.In sonicated epidermal strips peeled from broad bean leaves,Na₂SO₃ produced a slight increase in the stomatal aperture sizein the absence of ABA, but showed no effect in the presenceof ABA. The aperture size was identical in the pH range of 3.0to 7.0 in the incubation medium. In the presence of ABA in themedium, the aperture size was small in the acidic region ofpH with a minimal value at pH 4.0. ABA decreased the aperturesize at concentrations above 10^–9 M at pH 4.0 and 10^–6M at pH 7.0 in the medium. [2_–14C] ABA uptake by epidermalstrips was large in the acidic region, especially at pH 4.0. (Received February 28, 1980; )     

表油菜素内酯促进小麦胚芽鞘伸长的作用

BR促进小麦胚芽鞘伸长的生理活性大于IAA,但高浓度的促进现象不如IAA明显。BR刺激乙烯生成与浓度相关。BR和IAA混合处理,对芽鞘切段的伸长、乙烯释放和H~+分泌都表现了加成作用。这二种激素在作用时间上有明显的差别,BR作用的滞后期更为清楚。BR有拮抗ABA对小麦胚芽鞘切段伸长的抑制作用。     

某些环境条件对硝酸还原酶活性稳定因子的影响

小麦 Triticum aestivum L.苗在 NO_3~--N 完全营养液中培养比在 NH_4~ -N 完全营养液中培养,它们叶细胞内的硝酸还原酶(NR)即 NO_3-NR 比 NH_4-NR 活性增高了15倍,而它们叶片中的稳定因子(NR_(SF)),即 NO_3-NR_(SF)比 NH_4-NR_(SF)活化 NO_3-NR 的能力仅增加0.2倍,表明 NR 与 NR_(SF)不是依存关系;另外在 NO_3~--N 培养的黄化小麦叶片,及黄化缺氮、缺铝,加(?)的叶片中,所有的 NR_(SF)都十分稳定,并且保持较高活性,但这些叶片中没有测出NR 活性,因而认为,在植物叶细胞中,NR_(SF)不是调节 NR 活性的主要条件。     

Influences of some internal and external conditions on the induction of nitrate reductase in rice seedlings

Induction of nitrate reductase (NR) in 7-day-old rice seedlingswas depressed when endosperms were removed. NR activity in theseedlings from which endosperms were removed (deendospermedseedlings), reached a maximum 6 hr after supplying NaNO₃ andthen gradually decreased. That in intact seedlings continuedto increase for 12 hr, and then decreased fairly rapidly. Sucrose(30 mM concentration) supplied exogenously to deendospermedseedlings raised NR activity to the level of the intact seedlings.Macronutrients added exogenously did not show such an effect. NR activity in deendospermed seedlings placed in the dark wasextremely low. However, in the presence of exogenous sucrose,the activity was raised to the same level as that in the lightin the absence of exogenous sucrose. This suggests that sucrosesubstitutes for light in the induction of NR in deendospermedseedlings. Protein inhibitors suppressed NR induction when theplants were fed continuously with nitrate solution containingthe inhibitor. In cases where the plant roots were immersedin inhibitor solutions for 2 hr before transfer to nitrate solution,only chloramphenicol promoted and the others inhibited NR induction.NR induction was also suppressed by respiratory inhibitors,of which sodium azide was very potent. (Received August 25, 1976; )