渍水对冬小麦生长的危害及其生理效应

小麦受渍后叶片的光合和蒸腾速率迅速下降,而后则呈微弱的回升趋势,渍害不仅削弱小麦光合产物的积累,并且改变光合产物在地上部分和根系中的分配比例,植株根／冠比下降,而黄叶的发展与根／冠比的变化呈显著负相关,渍害改变小麦的发育进程,尤其是后期渍害明显促使小麦早衰,认为渍水使叶片光合速率降低,光合有效面积损失和衰老加速,从而危害小麦的生长。     

PP333对黑麦草生长和某些物质含量变化的影响

盆栽黑麦草施用PP333后,叶色深绿,株高降低．单株分蘖数及叶片数增多,根／冠比升高;植株地上部中的蛋白质含量增加,而根系中则有所降低;地上部光合产物向根系的运输加强。     

根系温度对番茄的影响（Ⅱ）—根系温度对番茄光合作用和水分代谢的影响

３０℃根温时蕃茄光合速率最大,根温降低或升高时,光合速率均降低。不同根温影响光合作用的机制不同,１５℃根温影响了叶绿素 含量及ａ／ｂ比;４０℃根温影响叶片水导、叶内ＣＯ２分压并引起光合产物在叶片中的积累;２０－３０℃根温时叶肉阻力等因素可能是光合作用的限制因子。３０℃根温时蕃茄蒸腾速率最大,水分利用率最小,根温降低或升高,蒸腾速率均下降,水分利用率升高。低根温时,气孔部分关闭;高根温时,气孔关闭的     

根系温度对番茄的影响（Ⅱ）———根系温度对蕃茄光合作用和水分代谢的影响

３０℃根温时蕃茄光合速率最大,根温降低或升高时,光合速率均降低。不同根温影响光合作用的机制不同,１５℃根温影响了叶绿素含量及ａ／ｂ比;４０℃根温影响叶片水导、叶内ＣＯ２分压并引起光合产物在叶片中的积累;２０－３０℃根温时叶肉阻力等因素可能是光合作用的限制因子。３０℃根温时蕃茄蒸腾速率最大,水分利用率最小,根温降低或升高,蒸腾速率均下降,水分利用率升高。低根温时,气孔部分关闭;高根温时,气孔关闭的同时根部阻力增大。     

光合产物水平与光合机构运转关系的探讨

在作了增加或减少光合产物含量的处理之后测定了菠菜叶片的净光合作用速率及其离体叶绿体的希尔反应、光合磷酸化与碳固定活力和叶片的蔗糖、淀粉含量。 光合产物的短期(6小时)积累对叶片的净光合作用速率和离体叶绿体的 CO_2固定没有明显影响。但是,处理叶片离体叶绿体的光合磷酸化活力往往稍低于对照。光合产物的较长期(3～5天)积累引起叶片净光合作用速率、离休叶绿体的希尔反应、光合磷酸化和碳固定活力的明显下降,而处理叶片的呼吸速率比对照增加二倍多。由遮阴而引起光合产物亏缺后,叶片净光合作用速率和离体叶绿体希尔反应、光合磷酸化活力也下降。在遮阴时将离体叶片的叶柄插在0.1M的蔗糖溶液中,其后来的净光合作用速率比叶柄插在水中的对照提高20％之多。 叶片光合产物含量与净光合作用速率之间的关系,可以用一条钟罩形的曲线来表示。当光合产物含量远低于或高于一个最适值时,光合产物水平与净光合速率之间分别有正相关或负相关;而当光合产物含量处于这个最适值附近的一定范围内时,似乎没有仟么明显的相关。这种曲线可以解释其他作者获得的许多相互矛盾的结果。     

小麦拔节期淹水对叶片光合特性的影响

为研究拔节期涝害对小麦叶片光合特性的影响, 以小麦品种烟农19 为试验材料, 采用盆栽试验, 于小麦拔节 期进行淹水(涝害)处理, 分析小麦叶片光合气体交换参数的变化。结果表明, 拔节期淹水6 d 后小麦叶片SPAD 值较对照显著下降。在淹水3–9 d 内, 随着小麦叶片净光合速率逐渐下降, 叶片气孔导度和胞间CO2 浓度亦显著下降, 说明烟农19 光合速率下降主要是叶片气孔限制引起的。而在淹水后期(9 d 之后), 净光合速率持续下降, 而叶片胞间CO2浓度却升高, 说明在涝害发生后期叶片光合速率下降主要由非气孔因素引起。在小麦拔节期涝害前期叶片光合速率下降主要是由叶片气孔限制引起的, 而在涝害发生后期叶片光合速率下降主要由非气孔因素引起。     

小麦Rubisco 活化酶基因的克隆和表达特性

Rubisco活化酶是广泛存在于光合生物中调节Rubisco活性的酶, 我们利用PCR技术, 从小麦(Triticum aestivum)叶片cDNA文库中克隆得到Rubisco活化酶基因cDNA片段, 该片段长度为850 bp, 编码201个氨基酸。Northern blot表明, 小麦叶片在暗诱导衰老的条件下, 叶片中活化酶基因表达水平逐渐下降; 同时, 小麦叶片的光合特性、叶绿素含量和Rubisco活性呈现下降趋势。这些结果表明, 衰老时小麦叶片Rubisco活化酶基因表达水平下降与光合速率下降密切相关。     

小麦Rubisco活化酶基因的克隆和表达特性

Rubisco活化酶是广泛存在于光合生物中调节Rubisco活性的酶,我们利用PCR技术,从小麦(Triticum aestivum)叶片cDNA文库中克隆得到Rubisco活化酶基因cDNA片段,该片段长度为850 bp,编码201个氨基酸.Northern blot表明,小麦叶片在暗诱导衰老的条件下,叶片中活化酶基因表达水平逐渐下降;同时,小麦叶片的光合特性、叶绿素含量和Rubisco活性呈现下降趋势.这些结果表明,衰老时小麦叶片Rubisco活化酶基因表达水平下降与光合速率下降密切相关.     

光合细菌对小麦生长和光合功能的影响

【目的】探明光合细菌对小麦生长、产量及光合功能的影响。【方法】以尧麦16为材料,在不同生长时期施用光合细菌,研究光合细菌对小麦生长、产量及光合功能的影响。【结果】光合细菌培养液的不同成分可提高小麦旗叶SPAD值、光合速率及干物质积累。拔节期施用后,混合菌液对叶片SPAD含量促进作用最大,较不施用对照提高33.6%,小麦干物质积累较对照增加25.7%,单株籽粒重量增效为14.3%。单菌株实验处理中沼泽红假单胞菌促进作用最强,干物质积累和单株籽粒重量较培养基稀释液对照增效均为13.1%。不同施用时期的结果表明沼泽红假单胞菌对灌浆期和拔节期小麦促进效应最强,其中静息细胞可延长叶片功能期,使光合产物持续增加;无细胞培养液通过促进小麦营养生长,进而提高小麦产量。【结论】光合细菌可促进小麦生长,有效提高小麦生育过程中相关光合功能;施用时期应为小麦拔节期和灌浆期;光合细菌对小麦生长和产量促进作用是静息细胞和代谢活性物质综合作用的结果。     

水稻成熟期间叶片氮素变化动态及其与光合能力和经济产量的关系

前言水稻籽粒三分之二以上的干物质是来自抽穗后的光合产物。因此,水稻抽穗后叶片的光合能力对于水稻产量的形成具有重要意义。水稻成熟期间叶片氮素伴随光合产物,不断地输向籽粒,因而叶片氮素不断下降,齐穗期追肥能够有效地提高成熟期叶片含氮量而成熟期间叶片含氮量则在一定范围内与光合能力存在直线关系,与抽穗后干物质的增加量和谷粒产量也有着正相关性。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细