草鱼肠道对L-亮氨酸和L-苯丙氨酸的吸收

利用离体灌注法研究草鱼肠道对Ｌ－亮氨酸和Ｌ－苯丙氨酸的吸收规律。结果表明,草鱼肠道对两种氨基酸的吸收是一种逆浓度、需要转运载体的主动吸收方式。通过动力学特征分析表明,草鱼肠道对Ｌ－亮氨酸的吸收率强于Ｌ－苯丙氨酸,而肠道对Ｌ－苯丙氨酸的跨壁运输能力强于Ｌ－这氨酸。由氨酸酸浓度对吸收率的影响建立的动力学参数为Ｌｅｕ：Ｊｍａｘ＝０．７３２μｍｏｌ／ｇ．ｍｉｎ,ｋｔ＝５１．６０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ;Ｐｈｅ：Ｊｍａ     

杨梅黄素及蛇葡萄素对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用

杨梅黄素及蛇葡萄素对酪氨酸有显著的抑制作用,２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｌ－多巴浓度下,５０％抑制的药物浓度分别为０．０８２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ及０．２０８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,用Ｌ－多巴作底物,蛇葡萄素对酪氨酸酶是竞争性抑制,其Ｋ是０．０８５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ;而杨梅黄素对酪氨酸酶则是混合性抑制,其Ｋｉ与Ｋｆｉ分别是０．０２６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ与０．０７２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

杨梅黄素及蛇葡萄素对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用

杨梅黄素及蛇葡萄素对酪氨酸酶有显著的抑制作用;在２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｌ－多巴浓度下,５０％抑制的药物浓度分别为０．０８２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ及０．２０８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,用Ｌ－多巴作底物,蛇葡萄素对酪氨酸酶是竞争性抑制,其Ｋ＿ｉ是０．０８５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ;而杨梅黄素对酪氨酸酶则是混合性抑制,其Ｋ＿ｉ与Ｋ′＿ｉ分别是０．０２６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ与０．０７２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

南方红豆杉细胞培养合成紫杉醇诱导子浓度的优化

本文利用短期诱导实验考察了几种诱导子的最优诱导浓度,结果表明,在南方红豆杉细胞培养体系中分别加入１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ硝酸铈铵、０．０１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ硝酸银、０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ花生四烯酸、０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ水杨酸以及１０．０ｍｇ／Ｌ甲基苯莉酮酸最有利于紫杉醇产量的提高。     

水杨酸对马铃薯试管微薯形成的影响研究

研究了不同浓度水杨酸（ＳＡ）对马铃薯脱毒试管苗生长,分化及试管微薯诱导和发育的 浓度ＳＡ显著抑帛式管苗主茎和根的生长,促进侧枝和匍匐茎分化。高浓度（０．１－１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）ＳＡ能诱导试管微薯形成并显著提高结薯率。ＳＡ浓度为０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,结薯率最高,且成薯集中,薯块大小整齐一致。     

氧代赖氨酸抗真菌作用机制的初步研究

氧代赖氨酸对致病真菌类秃发念珠菌的ＭＩＣ为０．８－３．１μｇ／ｍｌ,而两性霉素Ｂ为１．６－３．１μｇ／ｍｌ．氧代赖氨酸高于赖氨酸１０倍浓度,无明显抑制白含珠菌对Ｌｙｓｉｎｅ的吸收。Ｏｘａｌｙｓｉｎｅ０．４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ对白色念珠菌细胞膜透性,如胞内物于ＵＶ２６０ｎｍ下的吸收物质外泄无明显影响。放射性前体物渗入试验结果指出,Ｏｘａｌｙｓｉｎｅ０．４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ弱抑制（＾１４Ｃ）－Ｍｅｔｈｉｏｎｉｎ和（     

深红酵母转化反式肉桂酸生成L-苯丙氨酸的研究

研究了深红酵母Ａｓ２．２７９产生Ｌ－苯丙氨酸解氨酸（ＰＡＬ）的条件、转化反式 桂酸（ｔＣａ）生成Ｌ－苯丙氨酸（Ｌ－Ｐｈｅ）的条件以及几种因素对ＰＡＬ稳定性的影响,结果表明,最佳转化条件为：１．０％ｔ－Ｃａ,８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ氨,ｐＨ１０．０,３０℃。在转化液中加入还原剂和充入Ｎ２有利于提高酶的稳定性,在此条件下可一次转化６４％的ｔ－Ｃａ,保留６０％的酶活。生成Ｌ－Ｐｈｅ浓度为５．８ｇ／Ｌ。     

脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇对K~＋刺激的小麦根质膜ATP酶活性、K~＋吸收、外渗及再分配的影响

１０－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＤＯＮ毒素加入小麦根质膜制剂中可促进Ｋ＋刺激的ＡＴＰ酶活力,１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ开始呈抑制效应,抑制程度随ＤＯＮ浓度加大而提高。根尖（５ｃｍ）离体根段于０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＫＣｌ中,１０－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＤＯＮ能促进根段Ｋ＋吸收,１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ以上浓度则Ｋ＋吸收呈抑制,１０－２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度下根段的净吸收为负值,表明组织中Ｋ＋大量外渗。根段置蒸馏水中６ｈ,４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＤＯＮ即导致振段Ｋ＋渗漏。用ＤＯＮ处理整株小麦根,浓度在０．２５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ以上可促进Ｋ＋从植株其它部位向根运输,而浓度在８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时即抑制Ｋ＋向根富集,且根内Ｋ＋明显渗漏。     

铝对小麦幼苗生长和根的某些生理特性的影响（简报）

在溶液酸度相同的条件下，铝离子浓度为０－１．６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，小麦幼苗生长量呈递减趋势，根系吸收的钙，镁，钾等元素减少，而根系的铝，磷元素含量增加，根系的电解持外渗百分率从２０％逐渐增加至４７％。铝浓度超过０．４－０．８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ以后，氨基酸分泌量显著增加，但种类减少，糖类分泌量亦成倍增长。     

褪黑素对大鼠海马神经元谷氨酸所致毒性的拮抗作用

在大鼠海马脑片上电刺激Ｓｃｈａｆｆｅｒ 侧支纤维, 胞外记录ＣＡ１ 区锥体细胞层诱发群体锋电位（ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ｓｐｉｋｅ,ＰＳ） , 观察灌流谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ） 和褪黑素（ＭＥＬ） 对ＰＳ的影响。结果显示：５－０ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度的Ｇｌｕ 可使ＰＳ值下降至对照值的４－１ ％ ; ＭＥＬ（０－４ 、０－５ 和０－６ μｍｏｌ／Ｌ） 与５－０ ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＧｌｕ 混合给药,ＰＳ值分别变化为对照值的１４－７ ％ 、１０５－２％ 、２４－３ ％ ; ＭＥＬ（０－５ μｍｏｌ／Ｌ） 、Ｇｌｕ （５－０ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ） , 与赛庚啶（ＣＤＰ,０－５ μｍｏｌ／Ｌ） 混合给药,ＰＳ值下降至０ 。上述结果提示,５－０ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度的Ｇｌｕ 有神经毒性作用, 但可为ＭＥＬ拮抗, 这可能由５ＨＴ受体所介导。     

Salicylate poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrode based on (2-[(E)-2-(4-nitrophenyl) hydrazono]-1-phenyl-2-(2-quinolyl)-1-ethanone) Cu(II)

A new salicylate-selective electrode based on the complex of (2-[(E)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)hydrazono]-1-phenyl-2-(2-quinolyl)-1-ethanone) Cu(II) as the membrane carrier was developed. The electrode exhibited a good Nernstian slope of -59.6+/-1.0 mV/decade and a linear range of 1.0 x 10(-6) to 1.0M for salicylate. The limit of detection was 5.0 x 10(-7) M. The electrode had a fast response time of 10 s and can be used for more than 3 months. The selective coefficients were determined by the fixed interference method and could be used in the pH range of 4.0 to 10.5. The electrode was employed as an indicator electrode for direct determination of salicylate in pharmaceutical and biological samples.     

一种免受乙醇干扰的GOD的酶电极

将酶电极应用于发酵糖的测定时。与糖共存的乙醇常常会影响测糖的准确性,通过对葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)电极的研究,探讨了乙醇对测糖酶电极测定影响,进而研制出抗干扰的GOD酶电极,若是GOD电极的酶膜通过夹心法制备．在乙醇含量为0．1％(V／V)时·即产生显著的影响,使测定结果偏大4．3%,且乙醇的影响随浓度的升高而增大,若用尼龙网固定GOD膜,GOD电极在测定20mmol／L和5mm01／L左右的葡萄糖溶液时,含量高达9％的乙醇仍未对测定产生显著的影响．表现出良好的不受乙醇干扰的特性,并且,该尼龙网GOD电极具有良好的重复性、稳定的响应活性及较长的保存期．     

谷氨酸传感器及在流动注射分析中的应用

利用谷氨酸氧化酶(简称GO)共价偶联于硅烷化铂化铂丝(Φ0．5mm)表面。构建一种简单的微酶电极,该电极具有良好的操作性能;应用于流动注射分析系统(FIA),可用来测量谷氨酸含量,测量范围。0－2．0mmo1/L,精度(CV为o．4％)、响应时间小于60秒,使用寿命大于20天,实际测量发酵液中各氨酸含量,回收率为98．7％一107．5％。     

l-Phenylalanine production by double auxotrophic mutants ofArthrobacter globiformis

A number of tryptophan-plus-tyrosine double auxotrophs have been isolated from a glutamate producingArthrobacter globiformis excretingl-phenylalanine by two-step mutagenesis with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. For the three potent mutants tested the medium of Alföldi was found to be the best. The optimum tryptophan, tyrosine and biotin concentrations for phenylalanine production of these mutants were 0.5 mmol/L, 0.1 mmol/L and 5 μg/L, respectively. At these levels strain TT-39 yielded 2.6 g phenylalanine per L of medium in flask culture with glucose (350 mmol/L) and NH₄Cl (60 mmol/L).     

果糖和前体物质对紫杉醇生物合成的影响

研究了果糖和几种前体物质对东北红豆杉生产紫杉醇的影响,结果表明,在第12d加入6g/L果糖可以使紫杉醇产量增加63.89％,在糖协同的作用下,加入前体（0.05mmol/L乙酸钠,0.05mmol/L苯丙氨酸,0.1mmol/L苯甲酸钠）可显著提高紫杉醇的合成,同对照相比,含量分别增加49.36%、13.18%和64.26%,在第15d向培养基中加入0.05 mmol/L乙酸钠、0.1mmol/L苯甲酸钠、1mmol/L苯丙氨酸和6g/L果糖则使紫杉醇含量提高181.89％。     

氨基酸对无外源激素悬浮培养肉苁蓉细胞合成苯乙醇苷的影响

通过不添加外源激素进行肉苁蓉细胞悬浮培养,考察4种氨基酸对无外源激素悬浮培养肉苁蓉细胞生长和产苯乙醇苷(PeGs)的影响。结果表明:苯丙氨酸(Phe)和酪氨酸(Tyr)对PeGs合成的促进作用较大,而色氨酸(Try)和精氨酸(Arg)的促进效果较弱。在培养的第12天向无外源激素液体培养基中分别添加0.3mmol/LPhe和0.03mmol/LTyr,PeGs产量(按细胞干质量计)均达到了最高,为1.19g/L,是添加生长调节剂激动素(KT)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)培养的细胞(简称HC)的2.02倍。0.3mmol/LPhe和0.03mmol/LTyr分别在第8天和第12天添加时,肉苁蓉细胞PeGs产量分别为5.43g/L和5.16g/L,分别是对照HC的1.49倍和1.41倍。     

Cathodic electrochemiluminescence of acetonitrile, acetonitrile-1,10-phenanthroline and acetonitrile-ternary Eu(III) complexes at a gold electrode.

Cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) behaviours of the acetonitrile, acetonitrile-1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and acetonitrile-ternary Eu(III) complex systems at a gold electrode were studied. One very weak cathodic ECL-2 at -3.5 V was observed in 0.1 mol/L tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBABF(4)) acetonitrile solution. When 10 mmol/L tetrabutylammonium peroxydisulphate [(TBA)(2)S(2)O(8)] was added to 0.1 mol/L TBABF(4) acetonitrile solution, another cathodic ECL-1 at -2.7 V appeared and the potential for ECL-2 was shifted from -3.5 to -3.1 V. Furthermore, ECL-2 intensity was enhanced about 20-fold. When 1 x 10(-4) mol/L phen was added to 0.1 mol/L TBABF(4) + 10 mmol/L (TBA)(2)S(2)O(8) acetonitrile solution, the ECL intensities of ECL-1 and ECL-2 were enhanced about 20-fold compared with those of 0.1 mol/L TBABF(4) + 10 mmol/L (TBA)(2)S(2)O(8) acetonitrile solution. The maximum emission peaks of ECL-1 and ECL-2 in the three systems mentioned above appeared at about 530 nm. The products obtained by electrolysing 0.1 mol/L TBABF(4) acetonitrile solution at -3.5 V for 20 min were analysed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the emitter of ECL-1 and ECL-2 was identified as excited state polyacetonitrile. When ternary Eu(III) complexes were presented in 0.1 mol/L TBABF(4) + 10 mmol/L (TBA)(2)S(2)O(8) acetonitrile solution, another maximum emission peak with a narrow band centred at about 610 nm appeared in ECL-1 in addition to the maximum emission peaks at about 530 nm for ECL-1 and ECL-2. The emitter of ECL emission at 610 nm was identified as the excited states Eu(III)*. The mechanisms for cathodic ECL behaviours of the acetonitrile, acetonitrile-phen and acetonitrile-ternary Eu(III) complex systems at a gold electrode have been proposed. The extremely sharp emission bands for ternary Eu(III) complexes may have analytical potential.     

Clinical evaluation of a prototype glucose electrode.

A new prototype direct reading glucose electrode working with glucose oxidase and hydrogen peroxide was preliminarily tested clinically during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in eight healthy subjects, and during hyperglycemia in five dysregulated diabetic patients. The results for 282 whole blood samples were compared to those of our routine method, which measures the glucose concentration in whole blood. The correlation was: y = 1.05.x - 0.05 mmol/L, r = 0.99. The glucose electrode measured a glucose concentration of 10.5 mmol/L +- 0.49 mmol/L (between-day imprecision) in a control serum (glucose 10.0 mmol/L). The glucose electrode supposedly responds to the activity of glucose that equals the molality (mmol glucose per kg water). The ratio of results with the glucose electrode and our routine method was lower than the expected ratio between water concentration in calibrator and whole blood, which is 1.18. A steep gradient from blood sample to glucose electrode, depending on the diffusion coefficient and hematocrit might explain the discrepancy.     

Application of L-(+)-Lactate electrode for clinical analysis and monitoring of tissue culture medium

L-(+)-Lactate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.2) was immobilized onto the porous side of a cellulose acetate membrane with asymmetric structure which has selective permeability to hydrogen peroxide. The lactate electrode was constructed by combination of a hydrogen peroxide electrode with the immobilized enzyme membrane. Properties of the enzyme membrane and characteristics of the lactate electrode were clarified for the determination of L-(+)-lactic acid. The lactate electrode responded linearly to L-(+)-lactic acid over the final concentration 0-0.25 mmol/L within 30 s. When the enzyme electrode was applied to the determination of L-(+)-lactic acid in control serum, within-day precision (CV), analytical recovery, and correlation coefficient between the electrode method and the colorimetric method were 1.4% with a mean value of 4.54 mmol/L, 98.0%, and 0.986, respectively. The lactate electrode was sufficiently stable to perform 1040 assays over 13 days operation for the determination of L-(+)-lactic acid. The dried immobilized enzyme membrane retained 84% of its initial activity after storage at 4 degrees C for 12 months. Moreover, the enzyme electrode was applied to the monitoring of culture medium for human melanoma cells. L-(+)-Lactate production and D-glucose consumption were closely related to cell numbers.     

诱导子对百里香再生植株中苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的影响

以1/2MS为基本培养基,分别用蔗糖、NO3-/NH4+、苯丙氨酸、谷氨酸和酪氨酸诱导培养百里香组培苗30d,以及茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)、水杨酸(SA)和壳聚糖诱导培养百里香20、30和40d组培苗植株0～120h,在不同的时间点测定其苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,以探讨诱导子对增殖百里香中PAL活性的影响。结果显示:以1/2MS为基本培养基,碳氮源调控30d后,百里香组培株的PAL活性以蔗糖浓度为2%、NO3-/NH4+比例为2∶1时最高;前体调控添加0.6mmol/L苯丙氨酸、0.8mmol/L谷氨酸和0.4mmol/L酪氨酸处理的百里香组培苗的PAL活性最高,分别为相应对照的126.3%、150.6%和153.9%。培养20d和30d植株的PAL活性均以1.0mmol/L MeJA、100mg/L SA和200mg/L壳聚糖诱导处理的最高,分别为相应对照的610.3%、788.1%、592.5%以及402.4%、541.2%、400.1%;而40d植株经0.5mmol/L MeJA、100mg/L SA和200mg/L壳聚糖诱导的PAL活性最高,分别为对照的390.2%、377.1%和413.4%。可见,在不同时期添加不同的诱导子对百里香再生植株中PAL活性有显著影响,且不同材料和诱导子存在各自适宜的诱导浓度和最佳诱导时间。