中国彝族、藏族和满族中Kidd、Duffy、Kell、Xg、Rh、Diego和P血型系统的分布

本文报道了中国彝族、藏族和满族的Kidd、Duffy、Kell、Xg、Rh、Diego和P红细胞血型系统的分布和血型基因频率。彝族210人全部是Rh(+)个体,藏族人数中有0.5％为Rh(-)个体。满族人数中Rh(-)者占0.95％;Xg(a+)频率明显低于白种人。Jk~a基因频率分别是:彝族0.4144,藏族0.4447,满族0.4262;Xg~a基因频率,藏族0.4030,满族0.3887;Fy~a基因频率在三个民族中都比较高,彝族0.9628,藏族0.9498,满族0.9405;Di~a基因频率则非常低,藏族0.0255,满族0.0168;在藏族中,P_1和K基因频率分别是0.2138和0.0051;满族中P_1基因频率为0.1577。     

华北地区汉族的Lewis、ABO、MN、Rh、P等血型系统和ABH分泌型的分布

调查了原籍华北地区汉族的ABO、Lewis、MN、Rh、P等血型系统和ABH分泌型的分布,结果表明:O型(33.44％)和B型(29.38％)较多;N型(27.97％)略多于M型(27.65％);Le(a )型的频率很高(24.17％)。在94人中还发现四名Le(a )型属于ABH分泌型,且都属于分泌A或B血型物质的类型,无一例为分泌H血型物质的类型;Rh(D)阴性率仅0.3％,CCDee和CcDE型占75％以上;P_1( )型占39.1％;ABH分泌型占72％,低于全国其他民族中已知的分布。     

侗族九个红细胞血型系统和ABH分泌型的分布

报道了广西侗族的ABO、MNSs、Rhesus、Duffy、Kidd、P、Diego、Lewis和Xg等九种红细胞血型系统和ABH唾液分泌型的分布。共调查了201名父母均系侗族而彼此无血缘的学生,其中男116名,女85名。结果表明,广西侗族中ABO系统的r基因(0.6286)、MN系统的m基因(0.6294)、Duffy系统的Fy~a基因(0.9651)、Kidd系统的JK~a基因(0.4628)和Rhesus系统的CDe染色体(0.7532)等频率都很高,ABO系统的q基因(0.1672)、P系统的P_1基因(0.1333)和Lewis系统的Le~a基因(0.3232)等频率较低。MNSs系统的S基因(0.0124)频率很低,而MS染色体连锁率却为零。Xg系统的Xg~a基因频率(0.3746)与汉族和维吾尔族一样,处于低水平。Lewis系统的Le(a )表型者中发现八例是ABH唾液分泌型,但分泌的物质不是A便是B,而分泌H物质的唾液分泌型者全部都是Le(a-)型。六个民族间遗传距离分析表明,侗族与壮族在血缘上最近,其次是与朝鲜族、蒙古族、汉族相近,而与维吾尔族最远。     

《人类学学报》第七卷(一九八八)总目录

第l期中国兔猴的单一物种及其两性差别………………………………吴汝康、王令红(1)禄丰古猿雌性头像的复原…………………………………………陆庆五、赵忠义(9)华北人头骨非测量性状的观察……………………………………………王令红(17)洛浦县山普拉出土颅骨的初步研究…邵兴周、崔静、杨振江、王博、常喜恩(26)肤纹参数在52个中国人群中的分布………………………………………张海国(39)中国彝族、藏族和满族中ABO、MNs s、Lewis血型系统和ABH分泌型的 分布……………………艾琼华、袁义达、赵红.李实器、杜若甫、战文惠(斗6)湖南侗族体…     

贵州黔西县少数民族ABO血型分布及基因频率调查

对贵州黔西县1260例6个少数民族人群红细胞ABO表现型进行了检测;结果如下:贵州黔西县布依族、满族、苗族、白族这四个民族的ABO血型基因频率很相近,彝族和仡佬族与这4个民族的差别较大,布依族,苗族,满族,白族ABO血型分布为O>B>A>AB,彝族为O>A>B>AB,仡佬族为A>O>B>AB;经Hardy Weinberg吻合度检测可以证明贵州黔西县的ABO血型表现型分布状况及基因频率相对稳定,其分布符合hardy Weinberg平衡,获得了该地ABO血型系统群体遗传学数据,为群体遗传学的研究提供了一定的资料。     

宁夏回族红细胞血型的研究

调查了219名宁夏回族的 ABO、MNSs、Rhesus、P、Lewis、Duffr、Kidd Diego 、Kell、Lutheran和Xg等11种系统的红细胞血型。结果表明,宁夏回族有较高的q(0.2530)、Fy~a(0.9270)、CDe(0.6225) 和E(0.2660) 等基因或染色体频率;d(0.0557)、s(0.0594)、P_1(0.1316)和 Le~a(0.3882)等基因频率较低;而未发现K和Lu~a基因;Di~a的频率为0.0349,也处于低水平;Ns(0.4984)连锁率高于 Ms(0.4422);Xg~a基因频率为0.4432。11个系统的红细胞血型的分布和遗传距离分析均反映了宁夏回族的遗传组成具有我国北方民族的特征,尤其接近于北方汉族和蒙古族,与新疆维吾尔族则存在较大的差异。     

基诺族、布朗族和拉祜族的4种红细胞血型分布

调查了云南基诺族、布朗族和拉祜族各100人的 ABO、Rh、MN和 P血型系统。结果表明 ,ABO血型系统中 p基因频率拉祜族最高 (0 .2420 ) ,基诺族最低 (0 .0779) ,布朗族居中(0 .2144 )。 r基因频率是基诺族最高 (0 .6971) ,拉祜族最低 (0 .5288) ,布朗族居中 (0 .5964)。Rh血型系统中 ,基诺族和拉祜族都是以 CCDee和 Cc DE-为常见类型 ,而且都是 CCDee最高 ,Cc DE-次之。拉祜族和基诺族的 CDe频率分别为 0 .7433和 0 .6950 ;c DE频率分别为 0 .1 871和0 .2517;基因频率 d为零。MN血型系统中 ,这 3个民族都是基因频率 m>n。P血型系统中 ,本次调查的 3个民族的p1基因频率在全国已调查过的汉族和少数民族中均是最高值 (拉祜族0 .50 99,布朗族 0 .4690 ,基诺族 0 .4359)。     

青海藏族、土族、撒拉族ABO,Rh,MN,P血型系统分布的研究

对青海藏族、土族、撒拉族人群进行了ABO, Rh, MN, P血型系统分布的调查。结果表明ABO:藏、土族r>q>p、撒拉族r>p>q; Rh：藏族、土族各发现Rh阴性1例（分别占0.74%与0.66%）,撒拉族未发现Rh阴性者,三个民族表现型均以CCDee、 CcDE较多见;MN：均m＞n,但m低于南方一些民族;P;藏族、撒拉族p¹基因频率分别是0.2574与0.2703,土族0.1971。     

彝族、藏族与哈尼族血清胆硷酯酶的遗传多态性

按照Kalow等的方法对中国3个人群的血清胆硷酯酶(简称ChE)的遗传多态性进行了研究。3个人群是四川省布拖县彝族(197人)、西藏自治区拉萨市藏族(100人)及云南省元江县哈尼族(170人)。根据每一个体的地布卡因值和氟化钠值,按Motulsky的分型标准进行分型。结果表明,在彝族中有3人属一般型+抗氟化物型(UF);在藏族中有2名UF;在哈尼族中也有3名UF,未发现不典型型(即抗地布卡因型的纯合子与杂合子),也未发现抗氟化物型的纯合子。因此,E_1~f基因频率在彝族、藏族与哈尼族中分别为0.0076、0.0100及0.0088。正常的常见等位基因E_1~(?)的频率分别为0.9924、0.9900及0.9912。这3个人群ChE表型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡法则。他们的基因频率与蒙古人种其他人群是一致的。     

黔南布依族、苗族和水族人群ABO血型分布及基因频率

本文对黔南州布依族、苗族、水族人群ABO血型的表现型及基因型频率进行检测。结果显示:黔南布依族ABO血型分布为O>B>A>AB;苗族、水族为O>A>B>AB。3个民族ABO血型基因频率相接近;经吻合度检测,符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。黔南与黔东南、黔西南布依族和苗族群体间以及黔南水族男女群体间ABO血型分布差异均具有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01),结果提示ABO血型分布存在民族、地区和性别差异。     

云南阿昌族的红细胞血型分布

调查了１０２名云南阿昌族的ＡＢＯ,ＮＮＳｓ,Ｒｈ和Ｐ系统的红细胞血型,结果表明,阿昌族的基因频率ｐ（０．３８７４）是迄今国内调查过人群中的最高值,Ｅ（０．２４５９）和ＣＤｅ（０．６９３６）基因或染色体频率较高,而Ｓ（０．０６８６）和Ｐ１（０．１０８９）频率较低;Ｍｓ（０．５９５０）连锁率高于Ｎｓ（０．３３５３）;未发现ＳＳ和Ｒｈ（－Ｄ）阴性表现型。     

贵州汉族八个红细胞血型系统的分布

本文调查了贵州汉族八个红细胞血型系统的分布。结果表明P_1基因频率(0.1520)和Di~a。基因频率(0.0182)较低。其它系统的基因频率为P=0.2171、q=0.1858、r=0.5969、m=0.5400、n=0.4600、S=0.0478、s=0.9522、Jk~a=0.4633、Jk~b=0.5367、Fy~a=0.9367、Fy~b=0.0633。MNSs血型系统单倍型频率为MS=0.0301、NS=0.0177、Ms=0.5099、Ns=0.4423。Rh血型系统单倍型频率为R~1=0.5766、R~2=0.2508、R~0=0.0511、R~z=0.0421、r~’=0.0794。未发现MMSS、MNSS及Fy(a-)表现型。     

福建汉族8个红细胞血型系统的分布

对福建汉族人群红细胞血型系统的19个抗原进行了调查。各系统的调查人数与基因频率为:ABO:216人,p=0.1936、q=0.1766,r=0.6298;Lewis:214人,Le(a+)17人,表现型频率=7.94％;P:215人,n=0.1427;Diego:215人,Di(?)=0.2830;MNSs:用抗M、抗N血清调查了324人,对其中150人又用S和s抗血清进行了调查,m=0.5695、n=0.4305、单倍型频率MS=0.0200、NS=0.0139,Ms=0.5500、Ns=0.4161;Dhffy:214人,发现Fy(a-)3例;Fy(?)=0.8817;Kidd:215人,未发现JK(a-b=)型,JK(?)=0.4767;Rh:214人,发现1例CCdee型,d=0.0686,单倍型频率r(?)=0.0686、R~1=0.6352、R~2=0.1970、R~0=0.0605、R~2=0.0388。     

云南“本人”的红细胞血型分布及其与契丹人血缘关系的探讨

调查了云南省施甸县木老元乡哈寨村１０４名“本人”的４个细胞血型系统分布。结果表明,“本人”的ＡＢＯ血型系统分布特点是,基因频率ｐ（０．３０６９）〉基因频率ｑ（０．１７３９）;在ＭＮＳｓ血型系统中,基因频率ｍ（０．６５３８）〉基因频率ｎ（０．３４６２）;在Ｐ血型系统中,基因频率Ｐ１（０．１７９８）较低。这些均与我国南方少数民族的分布特点基本相符。与我国大部分地区一样。Ｒｈ因型系统的单倍型频率中最高的     

Beobachtung eines Faktorenaustausches zwischen den Blutgruppen-Genorten MN und Ss

In a family, in the first instance investigated in a linkage study, blood grouping showed MNSs distributions which could not be expected by inheritance of complexes MS, Ms, NS, and Ns, as generally assumed. (father: MS/Ns, mother: MS/Ns or Ms/NS, first child: MS/NS, second child: Ns/Ns). Since illegitimacy of one or both of the children could be excluded practically with certainty, only a mutation at the MN or Ss locus, or a crossing-over between the MN and the Ss locus can explain the children's genotypes, the crossing-over being the most probably right interpretation of MNSs findings in this family.

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Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

客家人的红细胞血型分布

对父母双方上溯三代均为客家人的广东梅县200名 (其中男89人,女111人) 健康学生进行了红细胞血型ABO,MNSs,Rh,Kidd,Duffy,Diego,Xg,Lewis及P等系统的分布调查。结果显示,客家人的基因频率S=0.0250,NS=0,pl=0.0917和Fyb=0.0300,都是汉族人群中最低的。其它基因频率为r=0.6632,p=0.1863,q=0.1505;m=0.5250,n=0.4750,MS=0.0250,Ms=0.5000,Ns=0.4750,s=0.9750;C=0.6575,D=1.0000,E=0.1515,CDe=0.6226,cDE=0.1200,cDe=0.2189,CDE=0.0389;JKa=0.4642,JKb=0.4881,JK=0.0477;Fya=0.9700;Dia=0.0202,Dib=0.9798;Xga=0.3633,Xg=0.6367;P2=0.9083。发现了国内第二例Jk(a-b-)表型,未发现MNS型,NS型,NSs型,CCDEE型,CcDEE型,Fy(a-)型和Rho(-)型。Le(a+b-)型29人,Le(a+b+)型2人,Le(a-b+)型67人,Le(a-b-)型102人。客家人与国内19个群体的遗传距离计算结果表明,与客家人遗传距离最近的是福建汉族、湖南苗族、贵州汉族及广西侗族,其次为河南汉族、黑龙江汉族、陕西汉族,福建畲族及上海汉族,而与云南白族、辽宁满族、甘肃汉族、广西瑶族、广西壮族、内蒙汉族及四川彝族的遗传距离较远。与客家人遗传距离最远的是湖南土家族、海南苗族及海南黎族。     

Molecular mechanisms of expression of Lewis b antigen and other type I Lewis antigens in human colorectal cancer.

Lewis b (Leb) antigens are gradiently expressed from the proximal to the distal colon, i.e., they are abundantly expressed in the proximal colon, but only faintly in the distal colon. In the distal colon, they begin to increase at the adenoma stage of cancer development and then increase with cancer progression. We aimed to clarify the molecular basis of Leb antigen expression in correlation with the expression of other type I Lewis antigens, such as Lewis a (Lea) and sialylated Lewis a (sLea), in colon cancer cells. Considering the Se genotype and the relative activities of the H and Se enzymes, the amounts of Leb antigens were proved to be determined by both the H and Se enzymes in noncancerous and cancerous colon tissues. But the Se enzyme made a much greater contribution to determining the Lebamounts than the H enzyme. In noncancerous colons, the Se enzyme were gradiently expressed in good correlation with the Leb expression, while the H enzyme was constantly expressed throughout the whole colon. In distal colon cancers, the H and Se enzymes were both significantly upregulated in comparison with in adjacent noncancerous tissues. In proximal colon cancers, expression of the H enzyme alone was highly augmented. The augmented expression of Leb antigens in distal colon cancers is caused mainly by upregulation of the Se enzyme and partly by the H enzymes, while it is caused by upregulation of the H enzyme alone in proximal colon cancers. The Se gene dosage profoundly influences the amounts of the Leb, Lea, and sLea antigens in whole colon tissues, regardless of whether they are noncancerous or cancerous tissues. It suggests that the Se enzyme competes with alpha2,3 sialyltransferase(s) and the Le enzyme for the type I acceptor substrates.     

The Lewis blood group system among Chinese in Taiwan.

The nonsecretor gene se is absent (or very rare) among Chinese in Taiwan and the previously reported Le(a+b-) phenotype in this population is in fact Le(a+b+) as proven by the presence of small amounts of Leb antigen on red blood cells. Salivary ABH substances in this phenotype are usually (although not always) markedly reduced. The Chinese Le(a+b+) phenotype is postulated to be the result of a weak secretor gene Se omega. Although the Le(a+b+) phenotype is very rare in Caucasians, it has a frequency of 25% in Chinese. All Le(a-b-) Chinese are ABH secretors and have varying amounts of Lea and/or Leb substances in saliva.     

Synthesis of mono- and di-fucosylated type I Lewis blood group antigens by Helicobacter pylori.

The identification of Helicobacter pylori isolates that expresses exclusively type I Lewis antigens is necessary to determine the biosynthetic pathway of these antigens. Fast-atom bombardment MS provides evidence that the H. pylori isolate UA1111 expresses predominantly Leb, with H type I and Lea in lesser amounts. Cloning and expression of the H. pylori fucosyltransferases (FucTs) allow comparisons with previously identified H. pylori enzymes and determination of the enzyme specificities. Although all FucTs, one alpha(1,2) FucT and two alpha(1,3/4) FucTs, appear to be functional in this isolate, their activities are lower and enzyme specificities are different to other H. pylori FucTs previously characterized. Studies of the cloned enzyme activities and mutational analysis indicate that Lea acts as the substrate for the synthesis of Leb. This is different from the human Leb biosynthetic pathway, but analogous to the biosynthetic pathway utilized by H. pylori for the production of Ley.