VITEK-2 compact全自动微生物鉴定仪对葡萄球菌鉴定能力的评价

目的评价VITEK-2 compact全自动微生物鉴定仪对葡萄球菌的鉴定能力。方法收集从我院病人标本中分离的葡萄球菌81株。常规细菌培养后,用VITEK-2 compact和API Staph系统进行检测,以API Staph系统为参照,评价VITEK-2 compact的优势和不足。结果 VITEK-2 compact和API Staph系统的总体鉴定符合率为95.1%,其中金黄色葡萄球菌的鉴定符合率为100%,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的鉴定符合率为90.5%。结论 VITEK-2 compact鉴定系统能够满足临床工作的需求,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌的鉴定率较高,在进行凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌鉴定时有一定的局限性,需要其他方法予以补充。     

梅里埃VITEK 2全自动微生物鉴定药敏分析系统性能评估

评价梅里埃VITEK 2全自动微生物鉴定药敏分析系统的性能。选取卫生部室间质评菌株20株，统计分析鉴定结果的正确性、药敏结果。结果：鉴定重复率为100%，正确率为100%，药敏结果符合率为100%。梅里埃VITEK 2比VITEK 2 COMPACT全自动微生物鉴定及药敏分析系统操作更便捷、更准确率，微生物检测质量更佳。     

住院患者医院感染铜绿假单胞菌产AmpC酶耐药基因型检测与分析

目的回顾性分析我院住院患者医院感染分离的铜绿假单胞菌产AmpC酶基因型。方法细菌鉴定采用VITEK 2Compact全自动微生物分析仪;产AmpC酶菌株筛选采用头孢西丁纸片扩散法;细菌基因组提取采用细菌基因组提取试剂盒提取细菌DNA;AmpC酶基因型检测采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和DNA测序分析。结果经PCR检测有15株铜绿假单胞菌在405bp处出现阳性条带,并经DNA测序分析证实与基因库DHA-1型同源性为99.0%,属DHA-1型。结论我院住院患者医院感染铜绿假单胞菌有较高检出率,其产AmpC酶基因型以DHA-1型为主要流行株。     

2011～2013年血液分离葡萄球菌的临床分布及耐药性分析

目的了解临床各科发热患者（怀疑细菌感染）血培养中葡萄球菌分布及耐药性,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法血培养采用BaeT／Alert3D全自动血培养仪（梅里埃）培养5d,采用MicroScanWalk—Away-96plus全自动微生物鉴定和药敏分析系统（西门子）进行细菌鉴定和药敏试验。结果血培养共检出葡萄球菌185株,检出最多的科室是ICU,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（methicillin—resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA）检出率为30．4％,而耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（methicillin—resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci,MRCNS）的检出率高达80．7％。还检出了1株万古霉素中介的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌。结论通过血培养检出葡萄球菌的耐药性分析发现,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对苯唑西林、氨苄西林、青霉素、红霉素的耐药率在70％以上,而对氯霉素、利福平、四环素的耐药率在30％以下,因此这三种药物应为我院应对凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌血流感染的常用首选药物。     

Slidex Staph-kit和血浆凝固酶试验在金葡菌鉴定中的应用

金黄色葡萄球菌（SA）是一种重要的机会致病菌,常引起化脓性感染,也是医院感染的重要病原菌之一,准确鉴定SA具有重要的临床意义,为了解玻片法凝固酶试验在GPI（革兰阳性球菌鉴定卡）鉴定葡萄球菌中的影响,我们收集玻片法凝固酶试验阳性经VITEK32细菌仪鉴定为SA的59株菌,用Slidex Staph-kit（葡萄球菌凝聚鉴定试剂盒）、试管法凝固酶和玻片法凝固酶3种方法进行再鉴定,现将结果报告如下。     

深圳市儿童医院临床主要病原菌分布及其耐药谱分析

目的探讨深圳市儿童医院临床分离细菌的分布特点及其对抗菌药物的耐药性.方法采用VITEK全自动微生物鉴定仪,按美国NCCLS标准判断结果,用VITEK 32系统bioLIAISON的Data Trac软件分析结果.结果最常见的细菌依次为金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷柏菌、不动杆菌和白色念珠菌;来自血和脓液标本中最常见的细菌是凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌;取自痰液标本中最常见的是铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌;尿标本中最常见的是大肠埃希菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、变形杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和摩根摩根菌;对所有的革兰阴性杆菌抗菌活性最高的是亚胺培南(92.8%),其次是左氧沙星(82.5%)和环丙沙星(81.7%),再次为头孢他啶(69.9%)、奈替米星(63.3%)和哌拉西林或三唑巴坦(59.7%);大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南的敏感性为99%,庆大霉素、哌拉西林或三唑巴坦、头孢曲松、头孢替坦、头孢他啶和头孢噻肟的敏感性分别为61.8%、61.3%、55.8%、53.4%、44.3%和38.9%;对铜绿假单胞菌活性最高的是哌拉西林或三唑巴坦(94%),其次是头孢他啶(86%)、环丙沙星(83%)、头孢匹美(81%)、亚胺培南(79%)和氨曲南(77%);葡萄球菌对青霉素的耐药率达97%以上,对红霉素的耐药率在70%以上;耐苯唑西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌达69%,明显高于金黄色葡萄球菌(38%);未发现耐万古霉素的葡萄球菌.结论肠杆菌科细菌、铜绿假单胞菌和葡萄球菌是深圳市儿童医院临床分离的主要病原菌,亚胺培南、哌拉西林或三唑巴坦和万古霉素分别对肠杆菌科细菌、铜绿假单胞菌和葡萄球菌保持很高的敏感性.     

2009至2012年血培养阳性结果分析及耐药性监测

了解解放军202医院2009至2012年血培养阳性病原菌分布及耐药性监测,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据。使用全自动血培养仪进行血液培养,用VITEK-2全自动微生物鉴定系统进行菌株鉴定和药敏试验。从453例血培养阳性标本中共分离出462株病原菌,其中革兰阴性杆菌274株,占59.30%;革兰阳性球菌167株,占36.14%;革兰阳性杆菌1株,占0.22%;真菌20株,占4.32%。最常见的感染菌分别为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌。89株金黄色葡萄球菌中检出MRSA 9株,46株凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中检出MRCoN 6株,对青霉素耐药率分别达81.35%和85.00%,革兰阳性球菌中未发现对利奈唑胺和万古霉素耐药的菌株。鲍曼不动杆菌对美罗培南耐药率高达51.7%。解放军202医院血液感染以葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌为主,且耐药率高,应对血液细菌进行长期的耐药性监测,为临床合理使用抗生素提供理论依据。     

VITEK 2 Compact微生物检测系统在生物制剂无菌环境监测中的应用

目的通过收集生物制剂生产中洁净间环境微生物、微生物限度检测样品,应用全自动微生物检测系统(VITEK 2 Compact)进行监测分析,评价其适用性。方法利用革兰染色法和VITEK 2 Compact系统对4种标准菌株和291个纯菌鉴定样本进行方法学验证;对人员及设备表面微生物、沉降菌及微生物限度样本共313个进行菌型鉴定,确认此系统在生物制剂生产中的应用价值。结果共在收集的313个样本中,共检出微生物268株,其中人员及设备表面微生物18株、沉降菌188株、微生物限度62株。可信度均在93%以上。其中革兰阳性菌:藤黄/里拉微球菌46次,库克菌属35次,葡萄球菌属70次;阴性菌:少动鞘氨醇单胞菌38次,鲁氏不动杆菌7次。结论 VITEK 2 Compact微生物检测系统具有高度特异性、敏感性和重复性,并具有操作简便、检测速度快等优点,可广泛应用于医院及疾控中心,尤其对无菌生产环境中微生物的质控和微生物数据库的建立具有重要意义。     

135例足癣患者微生物学调查及药敏分析

目的研究重庆地区足癣患者足部真菌、细菌分布以及药物敏感情况。方法对135例经临床和真菌镜检确诊的足癣患者病灶取样行真菌及细菌培养,用VITEK2系统进行细菌鉴定及药敏分析。结果 135例足癣患者中真菌培养阳性128例,其中红色毛癣菌126例,石膏样小孢子菌及白念珠菌各1例。细菌培养阳性129例,共分离出致病菌株147株,主要为金黄色葡萄球菌(25株)及凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(114株),94株致病菌中,72株(76.60%)对1种及以上抗生素耐药。结论目前重庆地区足癣患者病原菌以红色毛癣菌为主,细菌病原菌主要为金黄色葡萄球菌及凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌,其中较多细菌对数种常见抗生素耐药,在临床治疗中需予以重视。     

2008-2012年昆明市儿童医院50199例患儿血培养结果的变迁及耐药状况分析

目的分析近5年(2008-2012年)本院儿童血培养结果,了解儿童血培养病原菌分布及耐药情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法采用BD BACTEC9240全自动血培养仪及其配套的树脂儿童血培养瓶,对5年来50 199份患儿静脉血样本进行培养,采用Sensititre Aris2X全自动微生物分析系统,对细菌进行鉴定及药敏试验。结果近5年共检测血培养50 199例,分离出1 713株病原菌,阳性检出率为3.41%。其中革兰阳性球菌1 209株,占70.58%;革兰阴性菌492株,占28.72%;真菌12例,占0.70%。其中检出频次最高的5种病原菌分别为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌属、大肠埃希菌、屎肠球菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌及洋葱伯克霍尔德菌。革兰阴性菌检出率有逐年增高趋势,而革兰阳性球菌检出率则呈现逐年下降趋势。凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌属对青霉素、苯唑西林、红霉素和头孢唑林敏感性低,对万古霉素敏感,未发现耐万古霉素的葡萄球菌及肠球菌。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌对第3、4代头孢菌素耐药率高,对亚胺培南、美洛培南敏感。结论凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌属是引起儿童菌血症或败血症的首要病原菌,并且耐药率高;但据该研究发现,近年来革兰阴性菌感染率逐年升高,并且对3、4代头孢菌素耐药率高。因此,临床治疗用药需参考药敏试验结果及儿科用药毒副作用合理选择抗菌药物。     

Numerical approaches towards life cycle interpretation five examples

The ISO-standard for LCA distinguishes four phases, of which the last one, the interpretation, is the least elaborated. It can be regarded as containing procedural steps (like a completeness check) as well as numerical steps (like a sensitivity check). This paper provides five examples of techniques that can be used for the numerical steps. These are the contribution analysis, the perturbation analysis, the uncertainty analysis, the comparative analysis, and the discernibility analysis. All five techniques are described at a non-technical level with respect to basic concept, possibilities, tabular and graphical representation, restriction and warnings, and all are illustrated with a simple example.     

影响水稻光合日变化的酶和相关因素的分析

水稻叶片的最大光合速率出现在上午１０：００时,Ｒｕｂｉｓｃｏ初始活力也在此时达到最大,然后逐渐降低,下午１４：００时略上升后又下降．Ｒｕｂｉｓｃｏ初始活力与光合速率之间极显著相关,相关系数为 ０．９４７４．运用相关性分析、回归分析、通径分析,对晴（有时有云）天气水稻叶片的光合速度、光合关键酶及有关因素的日变化进行综合评估,结果发现中午光合下降主要来自气孔限制,同时Ｒｕｂｉｓｃｏ活性也下降;Ｒｕｂｉｓｃｏ活性是影响光合日变化的又一重要生化因子．体内Ｒｕｂｉｓｃｏ活性受Ｒｕｂｉｓｃｏ活化酶的调节．     

Discrimination of higher plant calluses based on embryogenic capacity and taxonomic classification by pyrolysis mass spectrometry

Pyrolysis mass spectrometry (PyMS) is a rapid, simple, high-resolution analytical method based on thermal degradation of complex material in a vacuum, and has been widely applied to the discrimination of closely related microbial strains. Minimally prepared samples of embryogenic and non-embryogenic calluses derived from various higher plants (sweet potato, morning glory, Korean ginseng, Siberian ginseng, and balloon flower) were subjected to PyMS for spectral fingerprinting. A dendrogram based on the unweighted pair group method, with arithmetic mean of pyrolysis mass spectra, divided the calluses into Siberian ginseng embryogenic callus and the others, which were subsequently divided into embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus groups, regardless of plant species from which the calluses were derived. In the non-embryogenic callus group, the dendrogram was in agreement with the known taxonomy of the plants. These results indicate that PyMS analysis could be applied for discriminating plant calluses based on embryogenic capacity and taxonomic classification.     

Fish ecoregions of Kansas: stream fish assemblage patterns and associated environmental correlates

Synopsis Principal components analysis was performed on fish presence/absence data for 39 common fish species from 410 stream sites in Kansas. The analysis confirmed ten ecologically meaningful fish assemblages, based on species associations. Factor scores based on these assemblages were then clustered into six geographic areas or fish ecoregions. Canonical discriminant analysis identified environmental variables that distinguished the derived fish ecoregions. Mean annual runoff, mean annual growing season, and discharge appear most important. Mean width, mean depth, chloride concentration, water temperature, substrate type, gradient, and percent of pool habitat were less important. Correspondence exists between these fish ecoregions and the patterns of physiographic regions, river basins, geology, soil, and potential natural vegetation in Kansas. The multivariate statistical approach used to classify fish ecoregions should have considerable potential value for fish assessment and management purposes in areas other than the state of Kansas.     

Intraspecific variation in Licuala glabra Griff. (Palmae) in Peninsular Malaysia– a morphometric analysis

We studied vegetative and reproductive characters of 74 herbarium specimens of Licuala glabra Griff. (Palmae) collected from 22 localities throughout Peninsular Malaysia. To test the null hypothesis that there are no distinct groups within the species, cluster analysis (nearest neighbour), principal coordinates and principal components analyses were performed on the set of 43 qualitative and quantitative characters. The results obtained suggested that: (1) there are three infraspeciflc groups within the species, viz., the two published varieties glabra and selangorensis as well as a possible third novel taxon; (2) there is clustering of individuals corresponding to their geographic localities; (3) clusters generated using only reproductive characters indicate a biogeographic distribution of populations correlated with the mountain ranges in the peninsula.     

Some remarks about the analysis of active control studies

In an active-controlled trial, the experimental treatment can be declared to be non-inferior to the control if the confidence interval for the difference excludes a fixed pre-specified margin. Recently, some articles have discussed an alternative method where the data from the current study and placebo-controlled studies for the active control are combined together into a single test statistic to test whether a fixed fraction of the effect of the active control is preserved. It has been shown that, conditional on nuisance parameters from the active-controlled study, a fixed margin can be defined that will be operationally equivalent to this latter method. In this article, we will discuss statistical properties associated with these approaches. Specifically, the interim monitoring boundaries and level of evidence will be considered.     

Normal Approximations of Exact Tests in Configural Frequency Analysis

The most common tests for types and antitypes in configural frequency analysis are normal approximations of exact tests. In the paper such statistics under the complete independence model and under the fixed margins model are discussed. It turns out that these test statistics are not acceptable when the number of simultaneously performed tests is large or when the expected frequencies are small. In these cases, the use of exact tests is advocated and some existing computer programs for such tests are indicated. A normal approximation based on the strong version of the De Moivre-Laplace limit theorem is also discussed. Empirical examples are given from longitudinal data describing psychological development of boys.     

Phenotypic evaluation of genetic variability and selection of yield contributing traits in chickpea recombinant inbred line population under high temperature stress

Heat is a major abiotic stress that drastically reduces chickpea yield. This study aimed to identify heat-responsive traits to sustain crop productivity by screening a recombinant inbred line (RILs) population at two locations in India (Ludhiana and Faridkot). The RIL population was derived from an inter-specific cross between heat-tolerant genotype GPF 2 (C. arietinum L.) and heat sensitive accession ILWC 292 (C. reticulatum). The pooled analysis of variance showed highly significant differences for all the traits in RILs and most of the traits were significantly affected by heat stress at both locations. High values of genotypic coefficient of variation (19.52–38.53%), phenotypic coefficient of variation (20.29–39.85%), heritability (92.50–93.90%), and genetic advance as a percentage of mean (38.68–76.74%) have been observed for plant height, number of pods per plant, biomass, yield, and hundred seed weight across the heat stress environments. Association studies and principal component analysis showed a significant positive correlation of plant height, number of pods per plant, biomass, hundred seed weight, harvest index, relative leaf water content, and pollen viability with yield under both timely-sown and late-sown conditions. Path analysis revealed that biomass followed by harvest index was the major contributor to yield among the environments. Both step-wise and multiple regression analyses concluded that number of pods per plant, biomass and harvest index consistently showed high level of contribution to the total variation in yield under both timely-sown and late-sown conditions. Thus, the holistic approach of these analyses illustrated that the promising traits provide a framework for developing heat-tolerant cultivars in chickpea.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-00977-5.     

分子水平的遗传多样性及其测量方法

遗传多样性水平是一项很重要的数据。目前从分子水平量化遗传多样性的方法以等位酶分析、ＲＦＬＰ分析和ＲＡＰＤ分析为代表。遗传变异在基因组中并非随机分布,所以取样方式对分析结果的影响不容忽视。本文叙述了遗传变异的产生和分布,并以此为基础比较了上述３种分析方法的理论与实践。     

凡纳滨对虾各月龄性状的主成分与判别分析

为了研究凡纳滨对虾各性状增长规律和判定最佳生长季节凡纳滨对虾的体格与月龄的关系,选择1～6月龄凡纳滨对虾各1000只,选择全长、体长、第一腹节背高、第三腹节背高、第一腹节背宽、头胸甲长和体重共7个性状,进行主成分与判别分析.结果表明:各月龄凡纳滨对虾性状之间均呈现显著的正相关(P<0.01), 其中以全长与体长的相关性最为明显,1月龄凡纳滨对虾体重与形态性状的相关系数较小.各月龄凡纳滨对虾的主成分有所不同,1～2月龄凡纳滨对虾的第一主成分为长度因子,第二主成分为宽度因子,第三主成分为高度因子;3月龄凡纳滨对虾的第一主成分与1～2月龄凡纳滨对虾一致,但第二主成分为高度因子,第三主成分为体重因子;4～6月龄凡纳滨对虾的第一主成分为体重因子,第二主成分为高度因子,第三主成分为宽度因子.1～3月龄凡纳滨对虾形态性状的增长优先于体重, 4～6月龄凡纳滨对虾体重优先于形态性状的增长.错过最佳生长季节的凡纳滨对虾的与体格大小相符的月龄可通过建立的判别式来判断,总的判别准确率为98.98%,其中2～4月龄凡纳滨对虾的判别准确率为100%.