裂褶菌菌株G18对孔雀石绿染料的脱色优化

通过对兔眼蓝莓幼果组织中分离得到的内生真菌G18进行形态特征、ITS序列和系统进化分析鉴定菌株G18为裂褶菌Schizophyllum commune。同时,对菌株G18产生的3种木质素降解酶进行监测,发现G18菌株可以分泌漆酶、木质素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶。为明确裂褶菌G18对染料的脱色能力,利用裂褶菌G18对固体条件下8种染料进行脱色能力的检测,筛选出较易脱色的染料后,对该染料的脱色条件进行优化。结果表明,裂褶菌G18对8种染料均可以脱色,对孔雀石绿染料的脱色效果最好。裂褶菌G18对孔雀石绿的脱色优化结果为pH 7.0、20.0g/L淀粉、1.0g/L尿素、1.0g/L硫酸锌、接菌量9片（d=5.0mm）。     

脱色希瓦氏菌(Shewanella decolorationis)S12T的脱色特性

从印染废水活性污泥中分离到一株高效染料脱色菌,经鉴定该菌株为希瓦氏菌属的一个新种,命名为脱色希瓦氏菌(Shewanelladecolorationis)S12T。该菌株在偶氮染料浓度为50mg/L的培养基中培养4h后,染料去除率达到96%,对偶氮染料的最高脱色浓度达到2000mg/L。在浓度为500mg/L的偶氮染料平板上生长4d后,可观察到明显的脱色圈。全波长光谱扫描的结果表明希瓦氏菌S12T以生物降解的方式对偶氮染料进行脱色。希瓦氏菌S12T的脱色酶为组成型的胞内酶。     

东方栓孔菌在染料脱色中的应用及其脱色条件的优化

本研究利用东方栓孔菌(Trametes orientalis)菌株Cui 6300发酵所得的粗酶液,对刚果红、结晶紫、铬天青、亚甲基蓝和中性红5种染料进行了催化脱色试验,并对其中脱色效果较好的染料进行了脱色条件优化.结果表明:东方栓孔菌漆酶粗酶液对结晶紫有相对较好的脱色效果.添加2,2'-连氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸) (ABTS)的粗酶液对结晶紫的降解效果没有明显促进作用,因此后续试验中直接采用粗酶液.脱色条件优化结果为:最佳初始pH值6.0,最佳培养温度55℃,最佳接种量2.0%,最佳转速160 r/min,最佳底物浓度160 mg/L.在此条件下反应96 h,脱色率可达98.45%.本试验说明东方栓孔菌在印染废水治理方面具有较好的应用前景,可以作为一种新型菌株应用于染料脱色.     

多孔菌Trichaptum abietinum 1302BG自然条件下对合成染料刚果红和酸性品红的高效降解

选用杭州竹林土壤分离并筛选能够降解多种类型染料的真菌。经大量筛选发现一株编号为1302BG的真菌能够在固体培养基上分解所测试的全部9种染料(苯胺蓝、刚果红、橙黄G、甲基红、甲基橙、结晶紫、酸性品红、番红花红、碱性品红、甲基紫)。经形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定, 该菌1302BG为冷杉附毛孔菌(Trichaptum abietinum)。在液体培养基中研究了pH、温度、碳源、氮源、碳氮源组合、碳氮源浓度等参数对该菌脱色效果的影响, 以寻找最适最经济的脱色条件。在液体培养基中研究表明, 冷杉附毛孔菌1302BG既能在酸性又能在碱性条件下有效分解2种测试染料(酸性品红和刚果红)。该真菌能以仅含有0.5 g/L淀粉和0.05 g/L硫酸铵的经济、环境友好的培养基为底物, 能在灭菌和非灭菌(自然)的条件下高效脱色, 在24 h内对2种染料的脱色率均在90%以上。紫外/可见光谱及微核试验分析显示, 该菌脱色主要是以生物降解为主, 2种染料经该菌分解后的毒性也同时大大降低。这些优异特点显示了该菌具有非常广阔的工业染料废水处理应用潜力。     

一株高效广谱染料降解细菌的分离鉴定及其脱色特性初探

从土壤样品中分离到一株高效染料脱色菌株N-4,根据形态学特征及16S rDNA基因序列分析,该菌株初步鉴定为Leucobacter sp.。利用表面响应法(RSM)对菌株N-4脱色活性深蓝K-R的主要因素进行优化,实验结果表明,菌株N-4脱色K-R的最优条件为:湿菌量10 g/L,染料浓度222 mg/L,硫酸铵1.5 g/L,果糖3.5 g/L,最佳脱色率为100%。此外,实验证明其对多种染料均具有较高的脱色效率。同时,考察了金属离子对染料脱色效率的影响,其中K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Ba2+、Mn2+等对脱色具有促进作用,而Ni2+、Cu2+、Hg2+对脱色具有明显的抑制作用。     

一株白囊耙齿菌对刚果红染料的脱色研究及其毒力测试

菌株2-1-1于贵州大学校园樱花树干子实体中分离,通过形态学结构、ITS序列及系统发育树分析,鉴定其为白囊耙齿菌Irpex lacteus,对菌株2-1-1产生的3种木质素降解酶进行测定,发现菌株可分泌漆酶(laccase,Lac)、木质素过氧化物酶(lignin peroxidase,LiP)和锰过氧化物酶(manganese peroxidase, MnP)。利用菌株2-1-1对固体培养基条件下7种染料的脱色能力进行检测,筛选出较易脱色的刚果红染料,同时采用气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy,GC-MS)分析确定经白囊耙齿菌降解的刚果红染料代谢产物,并对其进行脱色条件优化和毒力测验,试验分析表明：菌株2-1-1对7种染料均有脱色,对刚果红脱色效果较佳。GC-MS分析刚果红染料降解产物主要为联苯胺、联苯、苯乙烯、十六烷和3-硝基苯酚。单因素和综合优化脱色条件：染料浓度50mg/L,碳源为果糖、金属离子为锌离子、pH7,该条件下刚果红染料脱色效果最优。优化条件下菌株2-1-1对刚果红染料脱色率达91.03%,相比对照组脱色率提高...     

脱色希瓦氏菌(Shewanella decolorationis)S12T的脱色特性*

从印染废水活性污泥中分离到一株高效染料脱色菌,经鉴定该菌株为希瓦氏菌属的一个新种,命名为脱色希瓦氏菌(Shewanelladecolorationis)S12^T。该菌株在偶氮染料浓度为50mg/L的培养基中培养4h后,染料去除率达到96%,对偶氮染料的最高脱色浓度达到2000mg/L。在浓度为500mg/L的偶氮染料平板上生长4d后,可观察到明显的脱色圈。全波长光谱扫描的结果表明希瓦氏菌S12^T以生物降解的方式对偶氮染料进行脱色。希瓦氏菌S12相似文献   

固定化乳白耙齿菌脱色茜素红的研究

利用海藻酸钙法对乳白耙齿菌进行固定化,检测固定化乳白耙齿菌（固定化菌）对几种染料的脱色能力。同时,考察pH值、染料浓度、金属离子、碳源种类、氮源种类、盐浓度对固定化菌脱色茜素红的影响。结果表明,固定化菌的优化条件为海藻酸钠3%、氯化钙5%、固定化时间6h、接菌量10g/100mL;固定化菌对6种染料均可脱色,其中对茜素红染料的脱色效果最为明显;固定化菌对茜素红的脱色率随染料浓度的增加而下降,当染料浓度高于250mg/L时,其脱色效果明显下降;固定化菌对茜素红脱色的适宜pH为7,适宜碳源为可溶性淀粉、适宜氮源为硝酸铵。另外,固定化菌对茜素红的脱色率随盐浓度的升高,呈下降趋势,当盐浓度高于3%时,脱色率下降明显;固定化菌于生理盐水中保存10d后,脱色率维持在较高水平,达94.20%;固定化菌重复利用5次后,脱色率仍高达88.70%。     

耐盐偶氮染料脱色菌株GYW的筛选及特性

从某印染厂排水沟的底泥中分离筛选到1株对偶氮染料具有脱色能力的耐盐菌株GYW, 经16S rDNA序列分析, 鉴定为盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)中度耐盐菌。实验结果表明, 菌株GYW可以耐受10%以上的高盐度, 对酸性大红GR和其它偶氮染料具有广谱的脱色能力, 处于对数生长期的细胞脱色能力最强。对酸性大红GR的最佳脱色条件为：温度30°C, pH 7.5, LB培养基。氯离子对酸性大红GR脱色的抑制作用较强, 硫酸盐对脱色影响不大, 添加甜菜碱可提高染料的脱色速率, 最佳添加量为200 mg/L。     

白囊耙齿菌对茜素红脱色条件优化及其毒性变化检测

白囊耙齿菌Irpex lacteus是分离自倒木上的一株可以分泌漆酶和锰过氧化物酶的白腐真菌。利用I. lacteus对固体条件下的活性黑、活性红、结晶紫、茜素红和孔雀石绿进行脱色能力的检测,通过单因素和正交试验优化I. lacteus对茜素红的脱色条件,并以3种作物发芽率为指标测定茜素红被I. lacteus脱色前后的毒性变化。结果显示,I. lacteus对5种染料均可脱色,其中对茜素红染料的脱色更为彻底;单因素和正交试验优化I. lacteus对茜素红的脱色条件为：pH 7.0、葡萄糖10.0g/L、硫酸铵0.66g/L、接种量2片（Φ=8.0mm）、100.0mL三角瓶装液20.0mL,优化条件下I. lacteus对茜素红脱色10d时的脱色率为88.26%,与未优化前的脱色率相比提高了60.50%;茜素红染料被I. lacteus脱色前后毒性大小排序为：染料原液>染料脱色后>PDB培养基处理,表明茜素红染料存在一定的毒性,I. lacteus脱色茜素红后可以使其毒性减弱。通过本研究,为I. lacteus在茜素红等染料废水脱色以及降低染料废水毒性方面的应用奠定基础。     

Enzymatic decolorization of sulfonphthalein dyes

The white rot fungus (WRF) Pleurotus ostreatus produced manganese peroxidase (MnP) and manganese-independent peroxidase (MIP) activities during solid state fermentation of wheat straw, a natural lignocellulosic substrate. Most of the sulfonphthalein (SP) dyes were decolorized by MnP at pH 4.0. The higher K_m for meta-cresol purple (40 μM) and lower K_m for ortho-cresol red (26 μM) for MnP activities explained the preference for the position of methyl group at ortho than at meta on chromophore. Bromophenol blue decolorizing activity was higher at pH 3.5 and decreased as the concentration of Mn^II was increased. SP-decolorizing activity was associated not only with MnP but also with MIP. Additional bromine group along with the methyl group on SP chromophores decreases the rate of decolorization. Bromination of sulfonphthalein chromophore makes them the poorer substrate for MnP. This is evident from the higher K_m for bromocresol green (117 μM) when compared to bromocresol purple (36 μM) and bromophenol blue (78 μM). The order of preference for the SP dyes as substrate for the MnP-catalyzed decolorizing activity is phenol red > ortho-cresol red > meta-cresol purple > bromophenol red > bromocresol purple > bromophenol blue > bromocresol green and the order of preference for the SP dyes as substrate for the MIP-catalyzed decolorizing activity is bromocresol green > bromophenol blue > bromocresol purple > bromophenol red > meta-cresol purple > ortho-cresol red > phenol red. Inhibition of PR decolorizing activity by NaN₃ provided the evidence of decolorizing activity as an oxidative process.     

The decolorization of betacyanin by polyamines

The pigment betacyanin, the efflux of which has been used as a measure of membrane integrity in red beet discs, has now been shown to react with di- and polyamines with consequent decolorization.     

Textile dye decolorization using cyanobacteria

Cyanobacterial cultures isolated from sites polluted by industrial textile effluents were screened for their ability to decolorize cyclic azo dyes. Gloeocapsa pleurocapsoides and Phormidium ceylanicum decolorized Acid Red 97 and FF Sky Blue dyes by more than 80% after 26 days. Chroococcus minutus was the only culture which decolorized Amido Black 10B (55%). Chlorophyll a synthesis in all cultures was strongly inhibited by the dyes. Visible spectroscopy and TLC confirmed that color removal was due to degradation of the dyes.Revisions requested 10 November 2004/30 November 2004; Revisions received 16 November 2004/ 7 January 2005     

纳豆激酶发酵液的脱色工艺研究

从11种待选脱色介质中筛选出330(OH)型树脂对纳豆激酶发酵液进行脱色研究.结果表明:(1)330(OH)型树脂对纳豆激酶发酵液中的色素为优吸型吸附,其动力学模型符合扩散方程,其动力学拟和方程为-ln(1-F)=0.0223t+0.0511,R2=0.9978,其中F=Qt/Qe,Qt为脱色时间为t时330(OH)型...     

Microbial agents for decolorization of dye wastewater

Colored dye wastewater presents a formidable task for biological treatment. Depending on how it is generated, wide pH spans and high salt concentrations such as chloride ion often add to the difficulties. Systematic screening for dye decolorizing and/or degrading bioagents from soil and water samples discovered fungi which show dramatic color removal capability (Shen, et al., 1990). One example shows that up to 99% reduction of light absorption at characteristic wavelength of a red dye (200 mg/L) could be obtained within 48 hours. This ability does not appear to be specific toward dyes targeted for action. It clarifies, often beyond detection by naked eyes, a repertoire of colored wastewater samples. These results appeared to be insensitive to wide variations in pH and salt concentration and, they are not limited to one particular fungal species or genus either upon further investigation. This dye adsorption mechanism may be of great significance in uncovering new methods for bio-removal or bio-recovery of dye substances in wastewater.     

Microbial decolorization of spentwash: a review

Spentwash is one of the most complex and cumbersome wastewater with very high BOD, COD and other organic and inorganic toxic constituents. It is dark brown colored and difficult to treat by normal biological process such as activated sludge or anaerobic lagooning. The color is due to the presence of melanoidins, caramels and other polymers. These compounds have anti oxidant properties which render them toxic to microorganisms. Spentwash disposal into the environment is hazardous and has a considerable pollution potential. It affects the aesthetic merit. Its decolorization by physical or chemical methods have been investigated and were found unsuitable. In the recent past, increasing attention has been directed towards utilizing microbial activity for decolorization of spentwash. This review reveals various groups of microorganisms which have potential in spentwash decolorization. The role of enzymes in decolorization and the microbial degradation of individual compounds imparting color to spentwash are also discussed.     

Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes

Azo compounds constitute the largest and the most diverse group of synthetic dyes and are widely used in a number of industries such as textile, food, cosmetics and paper printing. They are generally recalcitrant to biodegradation due to their xenobiotic nature. However microorganisms, being highly versatile, have developed enzyme systems for the decolorization and mineralization of azo dyes under certain environmental conditions. Several genera of Basidomycetes have been shown to mineralize azo dyes. Reductive cleavage of azo bond, leading to the formation of aromatic amines, is the initial reaction during the bacterial metabolism of azo dyes. Anaerobic/anoxic azo dye decolorization by several mixed and pure bacterial cultures have been reported. Under these conditions, this reaction is non-specific with respect to organisms as well as dyes. Various mechanisms, which include enzymatic as well as low molecular weight redox mediators, have been proposed for this non-specific reductive cleavage. Only few aerobic bacterial strains that can utilize azo dyes as growth substrates have been isolated. These organisms generally have a narrow substrate range. Degradation of aromatic amines depends on their chemical structure and the conditions. It is now known that simple aromatic amines can be mineralized under methanogenic conditions. Sulfonated aromatic amines, on the other hand, are resistant and require specialized aerobic microbial consortia for their mineralization. This review is focused on the bacterial decolorization of azo dyes and mineralization of aromatic amines, as well as the application of these processes for the treatment of azo-dye-containing wastewaters.     

Microbial decolorization of azo dyes by Proteus mirabilis

A bacterium identified as Proteus mirabilis was isolated from acclimated sludge from a dyeing wastewater treatment plant. This strain rapidly decolorized a deep red azo dye solution (RED RBN). Features of the decolorizing process related to biodegradation and biosorption were also studied. Although P. mirabilis displayed good growth in shake culture, color removal was best in anoxic static cultures. For color removal, the optimal pH and temperature were 6.5–7.5 and 30–35°C, respectively. The organism exhibited a remarkable color removal capability, even at a high concentration of azo dye. More than 95% of azo dye was reduced within 20 h at a dye concentration of 1.0 g L⁻¹. Decolorization appears to proceed primarily by enzymatic reduction associated with a minor portion, 13–17%, of biosorption to inactivated microbial cells. Received 06 January 1999/ Accepted in revised form 22 April 1999     

Kinetics of the low pH decolorization of azurin

Reaction rates were measured for the low pH-induced Cu ligand modification of azurins from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Alcaligenes faecalis. Loss of the intense absorption band at 625 nm obeyed a rate law:

where Az is the concentration of azurin in its native oxidized form possessing the 625 nm band. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 25°C, n = 1 and k = 4.0 × 10^-2 sec^-1 M^-1 in citrate buffer but 1.2 × 10^-2 sec^-1 M^-1 in phosphate buffer. For Alcaligenes faecalis, n = 3 and k = 1.5 × 10⁴ sec^-1 M^-3 in citrate and 2.6 × 10³ sec^-1 M^-3 in phosphate. In equilibrium experiments on Alcaligenes faecalis azurin in citrate buffer, the pH-dependent change to the low pH form exhibited an apparent transition pK of 3.1. The form of the rate law implies a mechanistic scheme that contains fast equilibrium protonation steps prior to a rate limiting ligand rearrangement.     

重组海洋细菌漆酶Lac15脱色人工合成纺织染料的潜力

以重组海洋细菌漆酶Lac15(rLac15)为生物催化剂,对蒽醌类和偶氮类染料进行脱色,考察了rLac15对人工合成纺织染料的脱色潜能。通过研究催化的介体、酶量、pH、染料浓度以及温度对脱色效率的影响,进一步优化了rLac15对部分蒽醌类和偶氮类人工合成纺织染料的脱色条件。以丁香酸甲酯为介体,在pH 8.5、45℃条件下反应1 h,20 U/L rLac15对100μmol/L偶氮染料类Acid Red 6B(AR-6B),Reactive Blue 194(M-2GE),Reactive Brilliant Orange(K-7R)和Reactive Blue 171(KE-R)具有较好的脱色效果,脱色率分别达到95%、93%、76%和61%。随着染料浓度的增加,脱色率呈下降趋势,但当染料浓度达到200μmol/L时,M-2GE和AR-6B仍可保持80%以上脱色率。在常温下,rLac15对AR-6B、M-2GE、K-7R和KE-R显示较高脱色率,25℃反应24 h,分别达到96%、86%、66%和66%。rLac15是具有常温以及偏碱性环境脱色能力的细菌漆酶,具有潜在工业应用价值。