成人退行性腰椎侧弯合并滑脱的手术治疗

目的:探讨退行性腰椎侧弯合并滑脱的手术方法和临床疗效.方法:25例适应证患者行后路椎弓根螺钉内固定复位矫形后,采用椎管减压、神经根松解,行椎间植骨和后外侧植骨融合术,术后测量退变性脊柱侧弯的矫正效果,依照日本整形外科学会(JOA)下腰痛评分,观察腰腿疼痛改善情况.结果:全部病例获得随访,随访时间6月～3年,平均20个月,术后平均侧弯矫正率58.7%,疼痛改善优良率80%.结论:椎弓根固定系统结合椎间及后外侧植骨融合术是治疗退行性腰椎侧弯合并滑脱的有效方法.应重视术中神经根减压,矫正腰椎侧弯,恢复腰椎力学平衡,有助于提高远期疗效.     

椎弓根内固定联合椎体间植骨融合术治疗退行性腰椎滑脱症的临床探讨

目的:探讨椎弓根内固定联合椎体间植骨融合术治疗退行性腰椎滑脱症的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析我院2012年3月至2014年3月收治的30例采用椎弓根内固定联合椎体间植骨融合术治疗的退行性腰椎滑脱症患者临床资料,观察患者对手术效果的满意度,并对症状进行JOA评分。比较患者术前术后的腰椎X线的影像学变化,观察术后临近节段的退变发生率与影像的融合率。结果:术后随访1-3年发现患者JOA评分的平均改善率为(73.81±16.12)%,术后滑脱率与椎间高度均有明显改善,与术前比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后影像学显示植骨融合A级15例,B级12例,C级3例,融合优良率为90%。结论:椎弓根内固定联合椎体间植骨融合术对退行性腰椎滑脱症具有显著的临床效果,不仅可以缓解疼痛,改善功能评分,而且使患者影像学变化恢复正常生理形态,是理想的手术方法之一。     

SDRS联合BAK技术治疗腰椎滑脱症的研究

对后方入路SDRS内固定加BAK植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床应用研究进行初步报告,探讨此项技术的手术要点和早期临床效果。自2001年1月至2001年8月,对13例腰椎滑脱患者行后方入路椎体间BAK植骨融合、SDRS内固定。随访6个月－14个月,平均9.1个月。结合临床症状改善程度和X线片上植骨副合、复位程度综合进行疗效评定。结果：疗效优3例,良9例,差1例,优良率92.3%。结果表明从一个切口入路行椎体间BAK植骨融合、SDRS内固定术,能对前柱和后柱同时起稳定作用,有利于滑脱的复位和维持正常的腰椎前凸,符合腰椎的生物力学要求。     

不同植骨融合方法治疗退行性腰椎滑脱症的疗效评价

目的:比较Cage植骨和椎体间骨粒直接植骨两种植骨融合方法治疗退行性腰椎滑脱症的疗效.方法:我科自2004年9月至2006年10月采用腰椎滑脱复位系统(Spondylolisthesis reduction system,SRS)共治疗40例退行性腰椎滑脱症,分成A,B两组,其中A组19例行Cage植骨,B组21例行椎体阃骨粒直接植骨,按侯树勋等[1]的疗效评定标准比较术后两组的临床疗效,同时比较两组手术时间,术中术后出血量,平均融合率,术后椎间隙高度变化.结果:两组手术时间、术中术后出血量、平均椎间隙高度变化差异有显著性;40例患者获得10月-3年(平均1.9年)随访,两组临床症状术后有明显改善,临床症状改善率、融合率差异无显著性.两组都无症状加重,无内固定松动或断裂发生.结论:SRS治疗腰椎滑脱症时,采用Cage植骨与椎体间骨粒直接植骨其融合率和临床优良率无显著性差异.椎体间骨粒直接植骨手术操作更简便,手术时间更短(P=0.000),术中术后出血量更少(p=0.000).     

动态中和固定系统与后路锥间融合术治疗退变性椎管狭窄的近期疗效对比研究

目的:对比动态中和固定系统(Dynesys)与后路锥间融合术治疗退变性椎管狭窄的近期疗效。方法:70例椎管狭窄伴或不伴椎间盘突出患者,随机分为Dynesys组与后路锥间融合术组。前者行椎板减压并Dynesys内固定,后者行减压术并锥间融合术,术后随访24个月,对比两组术后功能恢复情况、椎间隙高度、活动度及邻近节段退变情况。结果:1两组患者术后随访结束时ODI指数、VAS评分均较手术前明显下降(P0.05),两组0DI指数与VAS评分无显著性差异(P0.05)。2术后两组固定节段间隙均较手术前明显增加(P0.05),Dynesys组L4-5节段、L5-S1节段活动度大为下降(P0.05),融合术组相应节段均融合良好,无活动度。3Dynesys组头侧相邻节段活动度与术前无明显变化,融合术组头侧相邻节段较术前活动度明显增加(t=2.286,P=0.026),两组术头侧相邻节段活动组差异有统计学意义(t=3.125,P=0.003)。4随访结束时Dynesys组有1例(2.6%)患者S1节段出现1根螺钉松动,邻近节段未见退变病例;融合组有4例(12.5%)邻近节段出现Ⅰ-Ⅱ度退变,两组邻近节段退变率差异有统计学意义(fisher p=0.039)。结论:Dynesys动态固定植入手术与传统后路椎间融合术治疗退行性椎管狭窄术后短期内效果相当,前者对邻近节段活动性的影响小于融合术。     

腰椎弹性固定进展研究

对于腰椎退变和不稳的治疗,传统方法是采用后路减压、椎弓根螺钉固定同时行植骨术(僵硬固定)。然而,僵硬固定存在加速周围椎体的退变等缺点。因而,人们逐步把目光投向腰椎弹性固定。最近几年,腰椎弹性固定因具有利于应力分散,防止周围节段退行性变,降低应力遮挡等优点,越来越多地被用于临床。大多数临床资料显示相较于传统坚强固定,弹性固定疗效相当,而固定节段骨萎缩、骨质疏松以及邻近节段退变的发生率显著降低,更利于脊柱生理特性。该文就腰椎弹性固定的发展过程、各种类型弹性固定的工作原理以及临床效果等作一综述。     

基于椎间盘切除及融合术的椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病的疗效分析

为了治疗神经根型颈椎病,分析椎间孔内神经根受压因素,指导临床选择合理的减压方式。本研究通过影像学资料测量颈椎病患者椎间孔面积,评估椎间孔内神经根受压程度及受压因素。共收治2011年1月至2016年1月间的47例椎间孔内神经根受压所致的单侧神经根型颈椎病前路减压手术患者,根据术前影像学资料受压因素分为:单纯椎间盘突出致压组(Ⅰ组),共21例;骨性压迫组26例(Ⅱ组)。两组患者均给予前路椎间盘切除植骨融合内固定术,其中单纯椎间盘压迫组给予前路椎间盘切除术,椎间盘合并骨性狭窄组在椎间盘切除基础上行椎间孔减压术。采用Surgimap软件Ⅰ组通过MRI(T2W1矢状面),Ⅱ组通过CT(二维重建矢状面,骨窗)测量患者病变节段两侧椎间孔的面积,将两组患者手术前健侧与患侧的椎间孔面积进行对比,术后患侧椎间孔面积与术前进行比较。比较两组患者术前及术后6月VAS评分和NDI评分,47例患者均获得6~12月随访。实验证实所有患者临床根性症状缓解,均无感染、内固定松动、食管瘘等并发症,这也说明术前根据影像学测量神经根型颈椎病患者椎间孔面积,评估压迫程度,分析压迫因素,可以选择不同方式的减压手术。     

微创经椎间孔减压腰椎融合内固定术用于腰椎退变性疾病中的效果

分析腰椎退变性疾病患者实施微创经椎间孔减压腰椎融合内固定术的临床效果。调查对象于我院2012年1月至2015年4月收治腰椎退变性疾病患者中挑选,将100例按照入院的先后顺序分组处理:50例对照组患者实施后路开放术式,50例研究组患者实施微创经椎间孔减压腰椎融合内固定术,手术后评定总体效果。研究组患者术后的疼痛度评分、并发症率和对照组相比,p0.05,有区别。临床针对腰椎退变性疾病患者实施微创经椎间孔减压腰椎融合内固定术作用突出,可减轻疼痛度,预防并发症,减少医疗费用,值得学习。     

半椎板切除全椎管减压治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的效果观察

目的:探讨半椎板切除全椎管减压治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的手术效果。方法:2005年7月-2009年6月手术治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的患者162例,均行半椎板切除全椎管减压结合椎弓根内固定及后外侧植骨融合术。结果:随访6～24个月,平均10.5个月,术后JOA评分由术前的(15.26±5.26)分提高到术后的(21.38±5.16)分(配对t检验P<0.05)。结论:行半椎板切除全椎管减压结合椎弓根内固定及后外侧植骨融合手术治疗腰椎管狭窄症既可以起到椎管彻底减压的目的,又可以尽可能保留脊柱后柱结构的稳定性及完整性。     

经后路一期病灶清除、自体植骨融合、内固定治疗胸腰椎结核疗效观察

目的:研究经后路一期病灶清除、自体植骨融合、内固定治疗胸腰椎结核的疗效.方法:选择胸腰椎结核的患者作为研究对象,随机分为给予自体植骨融合的观察组和椎间融合器植骨融合的对照组,观察手术相关指标、椎体功能相关指标、活动状态和生活质量.结果:观察组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后卧床时间、Cobb角均明显少于对照组;治疗后椎间隙高度、椎体融合率、KPS评分和生活质量优良率明显高于对照组.结论:经后路一期病灶清除、自体植骨融合、内固定治疗能够改善治疗效果、提高生活质量,具有积极的临床价值.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.